2024年4月6日发(作者：)

2020年考研英语一试题

2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon

theANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Eveniffamiliesdon’tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswill

nonethelesshavegotasharethisweekendofoneofthenation’sgreattraditions:theSundayroast.

1acoldwinter’sday,fewculinarypleasurescan

3

ereportnow,thefoodpolice

4todamageouraredeterminedthatthis

health.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has

should7

5apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompound

ansthatpeople

8toasttheirbread.

9studieshaveshownthatacrylamide

12

,it

calledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked

shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure

crispingtheirroastpotatoes,rejectthin-crustpizzasandonly

10

Butwhereistheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?

cancauseneurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno

Scientistssaythecompoundis11

evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

13tofollowtheFSAadvice.14

tocausecancerbuthavenohardscientificproof.

theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis

15.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe

FSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods

However,its

just20

19

withnoonelistening.

16

wasrumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea

uponSundayalongsidesomesteamed

17,the

18,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.

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2020年考研英语一试题

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SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacallto

instituteaUK“townofculture”posalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityof

culturetitle,whichwasheldbyHullin2017,and

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2020年考研英语一试题

hercolleaguesarguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin£220mofinvestment

andanavalancheofarts,n’stowns,itistrue,arenot

preventedfromapplying,buttheygenerallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheir

fcultureawardcould,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attracting

fundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerabletoapply

forthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedby

mightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeof

disappearingintoanendlessfeverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthe

post-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,whoknowswhatwillfollow—villageofculture?Suburbof

culture?Hamletofculture?

run“yearofculture”washesin

andoutofaplacelikethetide,bringingprominenceforaspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothe

llysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfill

hoansformthe

aspirationsofthepeoplewholivethere;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmore

rdtogetright,andrequiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellas

cooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,communitygroupsandculturalorganisations.

Butitcanbedone:Glasgow'syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecancertainlybeseenasoneofa

complexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatit

remainstoday.

A“townofculture”couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarities—

helpingsustainitshighstreet,

Wright,theculturesecretary,shouldwelcomethispositive,hope-filledproposal,andturnitinto

action.

andhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture”awardcould

idatethetown-citytiesinBritain.

ecooperationamongBritain’stowns.

setheeconomicstrengthofBritain’stowns.

ritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

ingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas

blecompromise.

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2020年考研英语一试题

-deceivingattempt.

-catchingbonus.

cessibletarget.

horsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit

ourstomaintainitsimage.

heaspirationsofitspeople.

itslocalartstoprominence.

stoitslong-termgrowth.

wismentionedinParagraph3topresent

astingcase.

rtingexample.

roundstory.

edtopic.

theauthor’sattitudetowardstheproposal?

cal.

ive.

able.

al.

Text2

istsneedjournalsinwhichto

publishtheirresearch,cientists

performthespecialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementinthe

acquisitionofstatusandtheproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlytofindamarketforits

hiscentury,ificpublishers

routinelyreportprofitmarginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthe

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2020年考研英语一试题

publishingindustryisinanexistentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedinthe

world,madeprofitsofmorethan£900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan

£210min2016toenableresearcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseem

toriseunstoppablydespiteincreasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindof

globalphotocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoevery

cessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassing

oncopiestheyhavethemselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamong

itsusersandmustbetransformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritai

anhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublished

underopenaccessterms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledfora

yearormoresothatthepublisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

hershave

respondedtothedemandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeesto

angefromaround£500to$5,tlastyear

pointedoutthatthecostsbothofsubscriptionsandofthese“articlepreparationcosts"hadbeen

waysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblesthe

economyofthesocialinternet:labourisprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehuge

cases,weneedarebalancingof

power.

ificpublishingisseenas"alicencetoprintmoney"partlybecause

dinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

ketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

mentforpeerreviewisreduced.

tentacquisitioncostsnothing.

ingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublisherslikeElsevierhave

dmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

roughanexistentialcrisis.

dthepublishingindustry.

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2020年考研英语一试题

edresearchersgenerously.

stheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

ed.

d.

ned.

aged.

elearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms

ublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

publishingmucheasierforscientists.

thecostofpublicationsubstantially.

iversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

fthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

ubscriptionisoffered.

triumphsoverstatus.

rewellcontrolled.

feedonthemany.

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplaying

toooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythe

mostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerPro

TemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacasein

point.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan

rtoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhave

illsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillbe

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2020年考研英语一试题

requiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirst

ingthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernor

JerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobably

unconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddress

an"important"etheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisno

historyofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutional

guaranteeof"equalprotection."

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboards

maynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernment

ingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenonthe

boardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwill

exactlywhathappenedwhenNorway

adoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesfor

boardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa

"goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyof

boards.

Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthat

suchpoliciesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelp

averagewomen.

horbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill

ttletoreducegenderbias.

hreattothestategovernment.

omen'spositioninpolitics.

ybroadencareeroptions.

fthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

rritatedprivatebusinessowners.

lcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

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