2024年1月12日发(作者：)

图Ⅷ-1整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral View

图Ⅷ-2整体骨骼左前面观The skeleton. Left anterior view

1肋骨rib

2胸椎thoracic vertebra

3颈椎cervical vertebra

4颅骨cranium

5肩胛骨scapula

6肱骨hiimeius

7桡骨radius

8尺骨ulna

9掌骨metacarpal bone

10指骨digital bone

11腰椎lumbar vertebra

12髂骨ilium

13尾骨coccyx

14股骨femur

15髌骨patella

16腓骨fubula

17胫骨tibia

18跖骨metatarsal bone

19趾骨digital bone

图Ⅷ-3头骨背面The skull．Dorsal aspect

1枕骨occipital bone

2顶间骨interparietal bone

3矢状缝sagittal suture

4颧骨malar bone

5上颌骨maxillary bone

6前颌骨premaxillary bone

7枕外嵴external occipital creat

8顶骨parietal bone

9额骨frontal bone

10鼻骨nasal bone

11鼻间缝internasal suture

12前筛孔preethmoid pore

13蝶腭孔sphenopalatine foramen

14门齿 incisor tooth

15下颌骨mandible

16视神经孔optic foramen

17枕骨occipital bone

18茎突styloid process

19外耳道external acoustic meatus

20颞骨temporal bone

图Ⅷ-4头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect

图Ⅷ-5头骨腹面The skull. Ventral aspect

4颧骨malar bone

5上颌骨maxillary bone

6前颌骨premaxillary bone

14门齿 incisor tooth

17枕骨occipital bone

19外耳道external acoustic meatus

21 腭裂patoschisis

22臼齿molar tooth

23腭骨palatine bone

24翼孔pterygoid apertures

25破裂孔foramen lacerum

26枕大孔foramen magnum

27腭后孔posterior palatine foramen

28鼻后孔posterior nasal apertures

29卵圆孔foramen ovale

30鼓骨tympanic bone

31舌下神经孔hypoglossal foramen

32下颌联合mandibular symphysis

33颏孔mental foramen

34冠状突coronoid process

35下颌支ramus of mandible

36角状突process of horn

37下颌孔mandibular foramen

38翼肌窝pterygoid fossa

39髁突condylar process

图Ⅷ-6下颌骨侧面The mandible. Lateral aspect

图Ⅷ-7颈椎与胸椎背面The cervical 图Ⅷ-9前肢骨背面The bone of

vertebra and thoracic aspect anterior aspect

图Ⅷ-8前肢骨外侧面The bone of anterior

limb. Lateral aspect

1枢椎axis 2第4颈椎4th cervical vertebra

3第6颈椎6th cervical vertebra 4第1胸椎1st thoracic vertebra

5第4胸椎4th thoracic vertebra 6寰椎axis

7第3颈椎3rd cervical vertebra 8第5颈椎5th cervical vertebra

9第7颈椎7th cervical vertebra 10第3胸椎3rd thoracic vertebra

l1肱骨体shaft of humcrus 12桡骨radius

13尺骨ulna 14尺骨茎突styloid process of ulna

15掌骨metacarpal bone 16肱骨头head of hurnerus

l7肘突cubital process 18腕骨carpal bone

19指骨digital bone

图Ⅷ-10股骨前面The femur. 图Ⅷ-11胫骨与腓骨前面The tibia

Anterior aspect and fibula. Anterior aspect

1大转子greater trochanter

2股骨颈neck of femur

3第三转子third trochanter

patella 4髌骨

5股骨头femoral head

6小转子lesser trochanter

7股骨体shaft of femur

8股骨内侧髁medial condyle of femur

9外侧髁lateral condyle

fibula 10腓骨

lateral 11外踝malleolus

tarsal bone 12跗骨

13胫骨内侧髁medial condyle of tibia

14径骨粗隆tibial tuberosity

tibia 15胫骨

medial mallcolus I6内踝17跖骨metatarsal bone

图Ⅷ-12整体肌侧面观The muscles. Lateral view

18斜方肌trapezius muscle

19臀浅肌glutoeus super(icialis muscle

20股直肌rectus femoris muscle

21腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen

22背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle

23肩斜方肌shoulder-trapezius muscle

24大圆肌teres major muscle

25肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle

26前锯肌serratus anterior muscle

图Ⅷ-13整体肌背面观The muscles. Dorsal view

1

锁骨提肌levator clavicle muscle

2

肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle

3

肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle

4臀浅肌gluteus suferficidlis muscle

5股直肌rectus femoris muscle

6腓肠肌gastrocnemius muscle

7夹肌splenius muscle

8颈菱形肌rhomboideus cervicis muscle

9胸菱形肌rhomboideus pectoralis muscle

10背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle

11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen

12股二头肌biceps femoris muscle

13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle

图Ⅷ-14整体肌腹面观The muscles. Ventral view

3肱三头肌triceps brachii muscle

5股直肌rectus femoris muscle

11腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen

13半腱肌semitendinosus muscle

14二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastric muscle

15二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle

16胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle

17肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle

18腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle

19股动、静脉femoral artery and femoral vein

20阴囊scrotum

21咬肌masseter muscle

22胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle

23肩三角肌shoulder-deltoid muscle

24桡侧腕伸肌extensor carpi radialis muscle

25指总伸肌extensor digitorum communis muscle

26尺侧腕伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris muscle

27胸浅肌pectoral superficialis muscle

28前锯肌serratus anterior muscle

29股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle

30耻骨肌pectineus muscle

31长收肌adductor longus muscle

32股薄肌gracilis muscle

图Ⅷ-15头、颈部侧面The head and neck. Lateral aspect

1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶上静脉supraorbitalvein

e

3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerv5面后静脉posterior facial vein

7颈外静脉external jugular vein

6面前静脉anterior facial vein

图Ⅷ-16口腔（1)The oral cavity（1）

1颞浅动、静脉superficial temporal artery and vein 2眶上静脉supraorbitalvein

3面横动、静脉transverse facial artery and vein 4下颌缘神经marginalmandibular nerve

5面后静脉posterior facial vein 6面前静脉anterior facial vein

7颈外静脉external jugular vein 8硬腭褶fold of hard palate

9臼齿molar tooth 10门齿incisor tooth

11软腭soft palate 12舌根root of tongue

13舌体body of tongue 14舌尖apex of tongue

图Ⅷ-17 口腔（2)The oral cavity (2)

1 喉口aperture of larynx

2舌根root of tongue

3舌尖apex of tongue

5软腭soft palate

7臼齿molar tooth

4硬腭褶fold of hard palate

6会厌epiglottis

8舌体body of tongue

图Ⅷ-18脑与脊髓背面The brain and 图Ⅷ-19脑与脊髓腹面The brain and

spinal aspect spinal cordVentral aspect

9嗅球olfactory bulb

1l绒球flocculus

13腰膨大lumbar enlargement

15大脑cerebrum

17脊髓圆锥courts medullaris

19脑桥pons

21嗅束olfactory tract

23三叉神经trigeminal nerve

10中央纵裂central longitudinal fissue

12颈膨大cervical enlargement

14外侧纵沟lateral longitudinal sulcus

16小脑（中央部）cerebellum (central part）18 脑垂体 pituitary gland

20延髓 myelencephalon

22视神经optic nerve

图Ⅷ-20磁共振冠状面定位像（1)The scout view of coronal images（1）

图Ⅷ-21磁共振冠状面定位像（2）The scout view of coronal images（2)

1眼球eyeball

2嗅脑rhinencephalon

3大脑皮层cerebral cortex

4大脑镰cerebral faix

5鼻旁窦paranasal sinus

6纵裂longitudinal fissure

冠状面T1加权像，颞颌关节线圈，

SE序列，层厚3.0mm，无间隔，

TR=500rns，TE=20ms。

扫描方向：从背侧向腹侧。

图Ⅷ-22磁共振冠状面定位像（3）The scout view of coronal images (3)

图Ⅷ-23磁共振冠状面定位像（4)The scout view of coronal images (4)

图Ⅷ-24磁共振冠状面定位像（5)The scout view of coronal images (5)

1海马结构hippocampal formation

2中脑midbrain

3天幕tentorium

4额顶叶皮层frontoparietal cortex

5颞叶皮层temporal cortex

G小脑cerebellum

7 颞骨lemporal bone

8脑桥pons

9舌tongue

10咬肌masseter muscle

11下颌骨mandible

12咽pharynx

图Ⅷ-25颈肌与胸肌（1)The muscle of neck and pectoral muscle（1）

1二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastrc muscle 2胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle

3胸浅肌pectoral suferficialis muscle 4二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle

5咬肌masseter muscle 6胸乳突肌stemomastoideus muscle

图Ⅷ-26颈肌与胸肌（2）The muscle of neck and pectoral muscle (2)

1二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastrc muscle

posterior belly of digastric muscle

4