2024年1月12日发(作者：)

图Ⅷ-31左心房与左心室The left atrium and left ventricle

11左心房left atrium

12左心室left ventricle

13肺动脉右支right branch of pulmonary artery

14肺静脉pulmonary vein

15前腔静脉precavalvein

16肺动脉左支left branch of pulmonary art 7tery

17后腔静脉postcaval vein

18心中静脉 middle cardiac vein

19头臂动脉brachiocephalic artery

20主动脉弓aortic arch

21乳头肌papillary muscles

22左颈总动脉left common carotid artery

23左锁骨下动脉left subclavian artery

24右前腔静脉right precaval vein

25心外膜extracardium

图Ⅷ-56前肢内侧面The anterior limb. Medial aspect

图Ⅷ-57后肢内侧面(1)The posterior limb. Medial aspect（1）

1腋神经axillary nerve 2桡神经radial nerve

3头静脉cephalic vein 4正中神经median nerve

5正中动脉median artery 6肌支muscular branch

7尺神经ulnar nerve 8臂动脉brachial artery

9胸长神经long thoracic nerve 10胸外侧动脉external thoracic artery

I1颈总动脉common carotid artery 12主动脉弓aorta arch

13左心耳left auricle 14右心耳right auricle

15食管esophagus 16胸主动脉thoracic aorta

17腹壁浅动脉superficial epigastric artery 18腹壁浅静脉superficial epigastric vein

19隐动脉saphenous artery 20隐大静脉great saphenous vein

图Ⅷ-52生殖器官（♂）（5）The genital organs（♂）(5)

图Ⅷ-53腹主动脉及其分支The abdominal aorta and branches

1 直肠 rectum

2精囊seminal vesicle

3 膀胱urinary bladder

4前列腺prostate

5精索spermatic cord

6阴茎penis

7 附睾epididymis

8睾丸testis

9膈diaphragm

10后腔静脉postcaval vein

11腹腔动脉celiac artery

12肾动脉renal artery

13右肾 right kidkey

14前肠系膜动脉anterior mesenteric artery

15精索内动脉internal spermatic artery

16输尿管ureter

17髂腰动、静脉iliolumbar artery and vein

18髂总动脉common iliac artery

19贮精囊vesicula seminalis

20隐动脉saphenous artery

21食管esophagus

22膈下动脉inferior phrenic artery

23肾上腺adrenal glands

24肾上腺上动脉superior adrenal artery

25左肾left kidney

26后肠系膜动脉posterior mesenteric artery

27髂外动脉external iliac artery

28股动脉femoral artery

29腹壁阴部动脉干arterial epigastro-pudendal trunk

30输精管ductus deferens

图Ⅷ-50生殖器官（♂）（3）The genital organs（♂）(3)

图Ⅷ-51生殖器官（♂）（4)The genital organs（♂）(4)

1直肠rectum 2膀胱urinary bladder

3肾kidney 4脂肪fat

5精囊seminal vesicle 6前列腺prostate

7阴茎penis 8 附睾 epididymis

9精索spermatic cord

图Ⅷ-46生殖器官（♀）（1）The genital organs（♀）（1）

图Ⅷ-47生殖器官（♀）（2)The genital organs（♀）(2)

1小肠small intestine 2输卵管uterine tube

3脂肪fat 4胃stomach

5子宫角horn of uterus 6直肠rectum

7膀胱urinary bladder 8脾spleen

9子宫体body of uterus

图Ⅷ-44空肠、回肠与盲肠腹面观The jejunum, ileum and cecum. Ventral view

图Ⅷ-45空肠、回肠与盲肠背面观The jejunum, ileum and cecum. Dorsal view

1空肠jejunum

2横结肠transverse colon

3升结肠ascending colon

4盲肠cecum

5腹壁浅动脉superficial epigastric artery

6隐动脉saphenous artery

7隐大静脉great saphenous vein

8肝liver

9胃stomach

10脾spleen

11降结肠descending colon

12 膀胱 urinary bladder

13尾中动脉middle coccygeal artery

14回肠ileum

15盲肠尖apex of cecum

16盲肠体body of cecum

17盲肠基部base of cecum

图Ⅷ-41腹腔器官（6)The organs in the abdominal cavity (6)

图Ⅷ-42胃The stomach 图Ⅷ-43胃壁内面The wall of stomach. Inner surface

1膈diaphragm

2前腔静脉precaval vein

3胸腺thymus

4肺lung

5心heart

6肾上腺adrenal gland

7肾kidney

8肾门静脉renal portal vein

9精索内静脉internal spermatic vein

10髂腰静脉iliolumbar vein

11膀胱urinary bladder

12十二指肠duodenum

13幽门pylorus

14胃大弯greater curvature of stomach

15食管esophagus

16胃底fundus of stomach

17胃小弯lesser curvature of stomach

18胃体body of stomach

19贲门pylorus

20胃粘膜皮区cutaneous part of gastric mucous

21胃粘膜腺区glandular part of gastric mucous

图Ⅷ-39腹腔器官（4）The organs in the abdominal cavity (4)

图Ⅷ-40腹腔器官（5）The organs in the abdominal cavity (5)

1肝右中叶 right middle lobe of l iver 2肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver

3小肠small intestine 4大网膜greater omentum

5结肠colon 6胸腺thymus

7肺lung 8心heart

9 膈 diaphragm l0肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver

11肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver 12胃stomach

13脾spleen 14附睾epididymis

15睾丸testis 16阴茎penis

17股动、静脉femoral artery and vein

图Ⅷ-37腹腔器官（2）The organs in the abdominal cavity (2)

图Ⅷ-38腹腔器官（3)The organs in the abdominal cavity (3）

1肝右中叶right middle lobe of liver 2肝右外叶right lateral lobe of liver

3横结肠transverse colon 4大网膜greater omentnm

5空肠jejunum 6剑突xiphoid process

7肝左中叶left middle lobe of liver 8肝左外叶left lateral lobe of liver

9胃stomach 10脾spleen

1l脂肪fat 12肝liver

13胰pancreas 14结肠colon

图Ⅷ-35胸主动脉The thoracic aorta

1甲状腺thyroid gland

3颈总动脉common carotid artery

5无名动脉innominate artery

7后腔静脉postcaval vein

9颈动脉干carotid trunk

11腋动脉axillary artery

13椎动脉vertebral artery

15主动脉弓aorta arch

17胸主动脉thoracic aorta

19食管esophagus

2迷走交感神经链vagosympathetic chain

4锁骨下动脉subclavian artery

6前腔静脉precaval vein

8 膈 diaphragm

10臂神经丛brachial plexus

12胸外侧动脉lateral thoracic artery

14肋颈动脉干costocervical trunk

16肺动脉pulmonary artery

18肋间动脉intercostal artery

图Ⅷ-33颈总动脉The common carotid artery

图Ⅷ-34主动脉弓The aorta arch

1舌动脉lingual artery

2甲状腺thyroid gland

3迷走交感神经链vagosympathetic chain

4颈外静脉external jugular vein

5颈总动脉common carotid artery

6锁骨下动脉subclavian artery

7无名动脉anonyma artery

8主动脉弓aorta arch

9颌外动脉external maxillary artery

10耳前动脉anterior auricular artery

11甲状腺上动脉superior thyroid artery

12颈动脉干carotiq trunk

13腋动脉axillary artery

14左心耳left auricle

15前腔静脉precaval vein

16面后静脉posterior facial vein

17面前静脉anterior facial vein

18臂神经丛brachial plexus

19胸外侧动脉external thoracicartery

20椎动脉vertebral artery

21肋颈动脉干costocervicaltrunk

图Ⅷ-32右心房和右心室The right atrium and right ventricle

4右心房right atrium

5冠状沟coronary sulcus

6右心室right ventricle

7心尖cardiac apex

8左颈内动脉left internal cartoid artery

9左颈外动脉 left external cartoid artery

10主动脉弓aortic arch

11左心房left atrium

12左心室left ventricle

13肺动脉右支right branch of pulmonary artery

14肺静脉pulmonary vein

15前腔静脉precavalvein

16肺动脉左支left branch of pulmonary art 7tery

17后腔静脉postcaval vein

18心中静脉 middle cardiac vein

19头臂动脉brachiocephalic artery

20主动脉弓aortic arch

21乳头肌papillary muscles

22左颈总动脉left common carotid artery

23左锁骨下动脉left subclavian artery

24右前腔静脉right precaval vein

25心外膜extracardium

26肺动脉pulmonary artery

27心内膜endocardiurn

28心肌层myocardium

图Ⅷ-30心背面The heart. Dorsal aspect

3右锁骨下动脉 right subclavian artery

4右心房right atrium

5冠状沟coronary sulcus

6右心室right ventricle

7心尖cardiac apex

8左颈内动脉left internal cartoid artery

9左颈外动脉 left external cartoid artery

10主动脉弓aortic arch

11左心房left atrium

12左心室left ventricle

13肺动脉右支right branch of pulmonary artery

14肺静脉pulmonary vein

15前腔静脉precavalvein

16肺动脉左支left branch of pulmonary art 7tery

17后腔静脉postcaval vein

图Ⅷ-29心腹面The heart. Ventral aspect

1右颈内动脉right internal carotid artery

2右颈外动脉right external carotid artery

3右锁骨下动脉 right subclavian artery

4右心房right atrium

5冠状沟coronary sulcus

6右心室right ventricle

7心尖cardiac apex

8左颈内动脉left internal cartoid artery

9左颈外动脉 left external cartoid artery

10主动脉弓aortic arch

11左心房left atrium

12左心室left ventricle

图Ⅷ-27腹肌The abdominal muscle

图Ⅷ-28胸、腹腔器官The organs in the thoracic and abdominal cavities

1腹直肌rectus abdominis muscle

2 股动、静脉femoral artery. femoral vein

3阴茎penis

4阴囊scrotum

5胸浅肌pectoral suferficialis muscle

6腹外斜肌external oblique muscle of abdomen

7股直肌rectus femoris muscle

8股内侧肌vastus medialis muscle

9耻骨肌pectineus muscle

10长收肌adductor longus muscle

11股薄肌gracilis muscle

12半腱肌semitendinous muscle

13咬肌masseter muscle

14胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle

15胸乳突肌sternomastoideus muscle

16肩胛横肌transverses scapulae muscle

17胸腺thymus

18心heart

19肺lung

20 膈diaphragm

21十二指肠duodenum

22空肠jejunmn

23 膀胱 urinary bladder

24二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle

25脾spleen

26结肠colon

27回肠ileum

28股静脉 femoral vein

29前列腺prostate

图Ⅷ-25颈肌与胸肌（1)The muscle of neck and pectoral muscle（1）

图Ⅷ-26颈肌与胸肌（2）The muscle of neck and pectoral muscle (2)

1二腹肌前腹anterior belly of digastrc muscle 2胸骨舌骨肌sternohyoid muscle

3胸浅肌pectoral suferficialis muscle 4二腹肌后腹posterior belly of digastric muscle

5咬肌masseter muscle 6胸乳突肌stemomastoideus muscle

7淋巴结lymph nodes 8肱二头肌biceps brachii muscle

9桡神经radial nerve 10正中神经median nerve

11背阔肌latissimus dorsi muscle 12肩胛舌骨肌omohyoid muscle

13腋神经axillary nerve 14胸深肌pectoral profundus muscle

图Ⅷ-3头骨背面The skull．Dorsal aspect

图Ⅷ-4头骨侧面The skull. Lateral aspect

图Ⅷ-5头骨腹面The skull. Ventral aspect

图Ⅷ-6下颌骨侧面The mandible. Lateral aspect

1枕骨occipital bone

2顶间骨interparietal bone

3矢状缝sagittal suture

4颧骨malar bone

5上颌骨maxillary bone

6前颌骨premaxillary bone

7枕外嵴external occipital creat

8顶骨parietal bone

9额骨frontal bone

10鼻骨nasal bone

11鼻间缝internasal suture

12前筛孔preethmoid pore

13蝶腭孔sphenopalatine foramen

14门齿 incisor tooth

15下颌骨mandible

16视神经孔optic foramen

17枕骨occipital bone

18茎突styloid process

19外耳道external acoustic meatus

20颞骨temporal bone

21 腭裂patoschisis

22臼齿molar tooth

23腭骨palatine bone

24翼孔pterygoid apertures

25破裂孔foramen lacerum

26枕大孔foramen magnum

27腭后孔posterior palatine foramen

28鼻后孔posterior nasal apertures

29卵圆孔foramen ovale

30鼓骨tympanic bone

31舌下神经孔hypoglossal foramen

32下颌联合mandibular symphysis

33颏孔mental foramen

34冠状突coronoid process

35下颌支ramus of mandible

36角状突process of horn

37下颌孔mandibular foramen

38翼肌窝pterygoid fossa

39髁突condylar process

图Ⅷ-1整体骨骼侧面观The skeleton. Lateral View

图Ⅷ-2整体骨骼左前面观The skeleton. Left anterior view

1肋骨rib

2胸椎thoracic vertebra

3颈椎cervical vertebra

4颅骨cranium

5肩胛骨scapula

6肱骨hiimeius

7桡骨radius

8尺骨ulna

9掌骨metacarpal bone

10指骨digital bone

11腰椎lumbar vertebra

12髂骨ilium

13尾骨coccyx

14股骨femur

15髌骨patella

16腓骨fubula

17胫骨tibia

18跖骨metatarsal bone

19趾骨digital bone