2024年4月9日发(作者：三星网站)

Unit 5

1. Substantive criminal law刑事实体法

2. beyond a reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑

3. right to counsel/speedy trial/ jury请律师/快速审判/

陪审团审判的权利

4. self-incrimination 自证其罪

5. illegally seized evidence非法获取的证据

6. constitutional rights宪法权利

7. statutory construction 立法解释

8. unanimous decision 全体一致的裁决

9. concurring opinion/majority opinion/ dissenting

opinion 附随意见／多数意见／不同意见

10. monetary penalty 金钱惩罚

11. Bill of Rights （美）人权法案

12. criminal justice system刑事司法体系

13. presumption of innocence 无罪推定

14. the suspect/accused 犯罪嫌疑人／被告人

15. due process正当程序

16. amendments to the constitution 宪法修正案

17. grand jury indictment 大陪审团的起诉

18. information指控书、起诉书

19. guilt/innocence有罪／无罪

20. discretion 自由裁量权

21. misdemeanor/felony 轻最／重罪

22. grand jury /jury 大陪审团／陪审团

23. testimony 证词

24. true bill/ no bill（大陪审团签发的）起诉书／不起诉书

25. arrest warrant 逮捕令

26. probable cause 合理根据

27. bail 保释金

28. bail on one’s own recognizance 具结保释

29. make a plea of guilty/ not guilty作有罪答辩／无罪

答辩

30. burden of proof 举证责任

31. direct/cross –examination 直接／交叉询问

32. grand jury presentment 大陪审团的起诉书

33. arraignment传讯

34. not guilty by reason of insanity/ nolo contendere

因精神错乱而无罪／无罪申辩

35. voir dire 挑选陪审团的程序

36. summon 传票

37. prospective juror潜在的陪审团成员

38. witness stand证人出庭作证

39. peremptory challenge /challenge for cause无因回

避／有因回避

40. impartial jury 中立（公正）的陪审团

41. conviction/ acquittal 宣告有罪／宣判无罪

42. tangible evidence实物证据

43. jury verdict 陪审团的裁决

44. rebuttal/ surrebuttal 反驳第二次反驳

45. opening statement/ closing arguments 开庭陈述／

结案陈词

46. jury instruction 陪审团指令

47. veniremen / juror陪审员／陪审员

48. double jeopardy 双重追诉

49. murder in the first degree 一级谋杀

50. voluntary manslaughter 自杀

51. hung jury/ dead lock jury 悬案陪审团／僵局陪审团

52. conviction and sentencing 定罪与量刑

53. suspension 暂缓

54. probation, 缓刑

55. capital punishment死刑

56. procedural error 程序错误

57. standard of proof 证据标准

58. preponderance of evidence优势证据

59. prima facie case 初步证明的案件

Unit 6

60. lawsuit诉讼

61. substantive law/ procedural law实体法／程序法

62. formality手续

63. lease or deed of land土地租赁或转让契约

64. administrative law行政法

65. civil/criminal procedure民事／刑事程序

66. conflicts of law法律冲突

67. client 当事人

68. emotional distress精神伤害

69. breach of contract 违反合同约定

70. file bankruptcy 申请破产

71. invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私

72. subject matter/personal jurisdiction诉讼标的／属

人管辖权

73. serve a summon 送达传票

74. compliant/ answer 起诉书／答辩状

75. default judgment 缺席审判

76. demurrer抗辩

77. affirmative defense积极的抗辩

78. statute of limitation诉讼时效

79. motion denied/granted 被否决的动议／被允许的动

议

80. negligent/ negligence过失（形容词）／过失（名词）

81. inadmissible evidence不予采信的证据

82. objection by defendant’s counsel被告律师的抗辩

83. hearsay 传闻证据

84. present evidence举证

85. call witness传唤证人

86. counsel for plaintiff原告律师

87. burden of proof举证责任

88. charge to the jury/ jury instruction 下指令给陪审团

／陪审团发出的指令

89. litigation 诉讼

90. deliberation （陪审团）审议

91. general/special verdict 一般／特别的裁决

92. reasonable person 有理性的人

93. judgment non obstante verdicto 与陪审团相反的判

决

94. judgment for plaintiff原告胜诉的判决

95. res judicata 已决案件

96. execution of the jurgement判决的执行

97. sheriff治安官

98. proceeds收益

99. insolvency 清偿

100. pleading 诉讼请求

101. brief诉讼要点

102. transcript of the testimony 证词的记录

103. court’s ruling法院的裁决

Unit 8

104. civil wrong 民事不法行为

105. damages赔偿金

106. act or omission作为或不作为

107. tort liability/ contract liability 侵权责任／合同责任

108. intentional tort故意侵权

109. personal/property tort人身／财产侵权

110. compensatory/punitive damages/ exemplary

damages 赔偿／惩罚性赔偿／惩戒性赔偿

111. state of mind主观状态

112. circumstantial evidence间接证据

113. false imprisonment 过错监禁

114. trespass to land/ chattels非法入侵土地／动产

115. right to exclusive use of land 土地完整使用权

116. ownership 所有权

117. charge 指控

118. physical harm 身体伤害

119. standard of care/duty of care注意标准／注意责任

120. contributory /comparative negligence共同／相对

的过失

121. assumption of the risk 自担风险

122. proximate cause近因

123. foreseeablity预见力

124. actionable 可诉的

125. tortuous/intervening act侵权行为／介入行为

126. strict liability 严格责任

127. privity of contract合同关系

128. deformation/ slander/libel 诽谤罪／（口头）诽谤／

（书面）诽谤

Unit 9

129. promise/ promisor/ promise 承诺／承诺人／受承诺

人

130. promissory obligation 约定义务

131. quasi contract 准契约

132. unjust enrichment 不当得利

133. assignee受让人

134. the third party beneficiary第三方受益人

135. offer/counter offer/ offeror/ offeree要约／反要约/发

要约人／受要约人

136. acceptance 承诺

137. bargain 讨价还价

138. bilateral contract/ unilateral contract双务合同／单

务合同

139. irrevocable offer不可撤销的要约

140. contract of adhesion 格式合同

141. consideration 对价

142. gratuitous promise单方获益的承诺

143. enforceable contract可强制执行的合同

144. estoppel禁止反言

145. immunity 豁免权

146. frustration/impossibility/ discharge of contract中

止／不能履行／终止的合同

147. binding agreement 有约束力的协议

148. freedom of contract 缔约自由