2024年4月27日发(作者：)

澳大利亚证据法（中英文对照）

澳大利亚证据法（中英文对照）

澳大利亚证据法是澳大利亚法律体系中的一部分，主要规

定了在澳大利亚法庭中如何收集、呈现和评估证据。以下

是澳大利亚证据法的主要内容，包括中英文对照。

1. Introduction 引言

The Australian law of evidence governs the rules

and procedures for the presentation and evaluation

of evidence in Australian courts. It aims to ensure

fairness and reliability in the judicial process.

澳大利亚证据法规定了澳大利亚法庭中证据的呈现和评估

规则和程序，旨在确保司法程序的公正性和可靠性。

2. Admissibility of Evidence 证据的可采纳性

a. Relevant evidence is generally admissible,

subject to certain exceptions. 一般情况下，相关证据

是可采纳的，但有一些例外。

b. Hearsay evidence is generally inadmissible,

unless it falls within an exception or is allowed

by the court. 一般情况下，传闻证据是不可采纳的，除

非符合某种例外情况或经法庭许可。

c. Opinion evidence is generally admissible if it

is from an expert witness and relevant to the case.

一般情况下，意见证据是可采纳的，如果它来自专家证人

并与案件相关。

3. Burden and Standard of Proof 举证责任和证明标准

a. The burden of proof generally lies with the

party who asserts a fact. 一般情况下，举证责任由主

张事实的一方承担。

b. The standard of proof in criminal cases is

beyond reasonable doubt, while in civil cases it is

on the balance of probabilities. 刑事案件的证明标准

是合理怀疑以外的确定，而民事案件的证明标准是合理可

能性的权衡。

4. Privilege 特权

a. Certain communications, such as those between

lawyer and client, are privileged and cannot be

used as evidence. 某些沟通，如律师和客户之间的沟通，

是受到特权保护的，不能作为证据使用。

b. Privilege can be waived by the party holding it.

特权可以被持有方放弃。

5. Examination and Cross-Examination 直接询问和交叉

询问

a. Witnesses are examined by the party who calls

them and may be cross-examined by the opposing

party. 证人由召唤他们的一方进行询问，并可能被对方进

行交叉询问。

b. Leading questions are generally not allowed

during examination-in-chief, but are allowed during

cross-examination. 在直接询问中一般不允许使用引导性

问题，但在交叉询问中允许使用。

6. Documentary and Real Evidence 文件和实物证据

a. Documentary evidence, such as contracts or

letters, can be presented in court. 文件证据，如合

同或信件，可以在法庭上呈现。

b. Real evidence, such as weapons or drugs, can

also be presented in court. 实物证据，如武器或毒品，

也可以在法庭上呈现。

7. Opinion Evidence 意见证据

a. Opinion evidence is generally inadmissible,

unless it is from an expert witness and relevant to

the case. 一般情况下，意见证据是不可采纳的，除非它

来自专家证人并与案件相关。

b. Lay witnesses are generally not allowed to give

opinion evidence. 非专家证人一般不允许提供意见证据。

8. Character Evidence 人品证据

a. Evidence of a person's character is generally

inadmissible, unless it is directly relevant to the

case. 一个人的人品证据一般是不可采纳的，除非它与案

件直接相关。

9. Judicial Discretion 法官自由裁量权

a. The judge has discretion to admit or exclude

evidence, based on factors such as relevance,

probative value, and the interests of justice. 法官

有权基于相关性、证明价值和公正利益等因素决定是否采

纳或排除证据。

以上是澳大利亚证据法的主要内容，包括中英文对照。请

注意，这只是对澳大利亚证据法的简要概述，具体规定可

能因案件类型和法院而有所不同。如需更详细的信息，请

咨询澳大利亚法律专业人士。