2024年3月9日发(作者:)
第1讲 句子成分
英语的句子成分主要有六种:即主语、谓
语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。(可以熟记为:
主谓宾,定状补)
除了这六种主要成分之外,还有“表语”
和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作
谓语,因此划分成分时,划分在谓语上。同位
语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语,属于主语或
宾语的一部分。
考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号
英语中划句子成分的符号
主语 在下面划一直线
谓语 在下面划曲线
宾语 在下面划双横线
定语 在下面划虚线 (一行点使我们
想到一排钉子, “钉”谐音为
“定语” 的“定”)
状语 下面为短横线 (短横线使我们
想到短木桩, 木桩撞(状)钟)
补语 上一短横,下一短横(下一短横
好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空
隙)
同位语 上下双曲线,(虽都有曲折,上
下位置基本相同
考点2. 主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句
首,通常由名词性的词来充当。
可以作主语的词性或语法结构:
1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词
(如the rich)5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语
从句等表示。
练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面划横线,并
说出由什么充当
1. During the 1990s, American country
music has become more and more popular.
2. We often speak English in class.
3. One-third of the students in this class
are girls.
4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.
5. Smoking does harm to the health.
6. The rich should help the poor.
7. When we are going to have an English test
has not been decided.
8. It is necessary to master a foreign
language.
9. That he isn’t at home is not true
练习2. 改正下列句中的错误,并说明原因
1. He failed the exam is the reason why he
dropped out.
2. That why he was late for school was that
his mother was ill.
3. Beyond the mountains lie a small
village.
4. Gone is the days when I had to go to
school on foot.
5. Play basketball is my favorite sport.
6. Give up English is not an option.
考点3. 谓语
谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有
的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:
He
practices
running every morning.
He
reads
newspapers every day.
2、复合谓语:
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。
如:
You
may keep
the book for two weeks.
He
has caugh
t a bad cold.
My sister
is crying
over there.
I
have
been
waiting
for you all the
time.
I
would
stay
at home all day.
(2)由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独
作谓语,要和表语一起作谓语。如:
We
are
students
.
Your idea
sounds
great
.
考点4. 表语
表语多是形容词,用以说明主语的身份、特征
和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become,
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