2024年5月13日发(作者：极品飞车17破解版)

科技信息

JohnKeats,aContradictoryUnityof

Self-abandonmentandSelf-preservation

UniversityofMacauChenQianwei

Introduction

Astheabandonmentofselfisdescribedbymanycriticsandscholarsas

an“importantromanticcharacter”forRomanticpoets(Benton33),itseems

tobeatraditionthatRomanticpoetsarealwayspinneddownbytheirinten-

tionstoreachsublimity,andtheiridentificationandexpansionofegoismare

epoetsthemselves,emphasizetheirabil-

itytosurrendertheirindividualthoughtstoagranderexistence.

JohnKeats,thepoetwhoputsforwardtheveryconceptof“Negative

Capability”,tertohisbrotherin1817,Keats

writes,

“…ImeanNegativeCapability,thatis,whenamaniscapableofbeing

inuncertainties,mysteries,doubts,withoutanyirritablereachingafterfact

withagreatpoetthesenseofBeautyovercomeseveryother

consideration,orratherobliteratesallconsideration”(Keats).

AsaRomanticpoet,Keatsdoesnotcarewhetherhisthoughtscanbe

explainedfullybyrationalarguments,butfocusesontheemotionalpassions

ob-

scureunderstanding,however,sometimesmayseemtobedispelled,which

allowspassionstotakeoverhismindcompletely:

“Icarryallmatterstoanextreme-sothatwhenIhaveanylittlevexa-

tionitgrowsinfiveminutesintoathemeforSophocles-thenandinthattem-

perifIwritetoanyfriendIhavesolittleself-possessionthatIgivehimmat-

terforgrievingattheverytimeperhapswhenIamlaughingataPun”.(Ke-

ats191)

Byremindingfriendsofhisstrangetemper,Keatsrevealshisconstant

lossof“self-possession”,whichpreventshimfrombehavingthesocialeti-

quetteproperly,indicatinghislossofself-identitytoacertainextent.

Apartfromtheinterpersonalrelationships,thesepassionsaresostrong

thattheyevenkeepKeatsfromdistinguishingbetweenmoralridiculousness

andrighteousness:

“IfeelinmyselfallthevicesofaPoet,irritability,loveofeffectandad-

miration-andinfluencedbysuchdevilsImayattimessaymoreridiculous

thingsthanIamawareof”.(Keats271)

Inthisletter,Keatsviolatessomerestrictionsanddisciplinessetbythe

civilizedsocietybyexpressing“moreridiculousthingsthan[he][is]aware

of”.Inthisway,hegetsridofculturalexperiencesandnormssothoroughly

thatevenhehimselffeelsshockedandguiltywhenregainingrationality.

ThoughKeats’emphasisontheimportanceoftheabilitytolossthein-

dividualselfissostrongthathisindividualpersonalityseemstohavebeen

completelyoverwhelmedbytheimaginarysublimity,healsourgesforthe

preservationandpursuitofself-identity.

Inthecriticismof“Isabella”(Davies79),Keatssays,“IfImaysosay,

inmydramaticcapacityIenterfullyintothefeeling:butinPropriaPersona

Ishouldbeapttoquizitmyself”(Keats391).Bysayingthis,ononehand,

thepoetadmitshisabilitytofeelextremeempathyforthecharactersinthe

poem,especiallyforPorphyro,whopursueshislovepassionatelyregardless

’empathytowardsPorphyrodraws

fromhispersonalexperiencewhereheloveshisneighborfeverishlyuntilhe

exhaledhislastdyingbreath,th-

erhand,moreimportantly,hestatesthathe“shouldbeapttoquiz[thedra-

maticcapacity][himself]”,indicatingpreservationoftheindividualperspec-

rmore,

accordingtoKeats,men“arenotSouls…tilltheyacquireidentities,tilleach

oneispersonallyitself”.Inthisway,heregardsthemeaningoflifeonearth

rwords,everythinghumanbeingsdois

forthepursuitanddiscoveryofindividuality,

thisisthecase,thentheultimateaimofpoetryisjusttohelpmentoself-re-

alizethroughfindingtheirsoulsandidentities.

Asaresult,itseemsthatononehand,thepoetspeakshighlyofthe

abilitytoloseone’sidentityinordertoachievethestateofextremebeauty

andecstasy,andhehimselfsometimescanachieveastateofabsolute

therhand,however,heindicatestheultimate

aimofpoetryistodiscoverone’heloseshisidentitypartially

orcompletelyforsometime,hedoesthisinordertointrospectintohisown

—168—

way,Keatsdoesnot

emphasizeeithersideseverely,buturgesforabalancebetweenself-aban-

donmentandself-preservation,which

I

mayleadtoaresultofself-discovery.

“OdetoaNightingale”,apoemwrittenin1819whenKeatshadknown

hissoon-comingdeath,mayserveasaperfectembodimentofKeats’idea.

Itportraysacircularandharmoniousjourney,asthenarrator,thoughsuffer-

ingphysicallyandmentally,managestocomebacktohisrealisticworldand

way,byanalyzingcausationsandprocessesof

self-abandonment,self-preservation,andself-discoveryinthispoem,itis

possibletounderstandthispoem,aswellasKeats’ideas.

Beforethenarratorenterstheworldoftheimaginary,hishatredtowards

realityanddesireforsublimitycanindicatehistendencyofsacrificingiden-

tityinordertoachievetheecstasy.

Firstly,byportrayinghissufferings,thepoetmakesitreasonableand

otherodeswhichalwaysbegin

withappealsfortheobjectspraised,thispoemstartswithadescriptionof

thenarrator:“Myheartaches,andadrowsynumbnesspains/Mysense,as

thoughofhemlockIhaddrunk,/Oremptiedsomedullopiatetothe

drains…”(ll.1-3),indicatingthattheonlyconcernofthenarratorishis

rmore,exaggeratedexpressionslike“numbness”,

hemlock”,and“opiate”,whichareallrelatedtoalossofconsciousnessto

someextent,notonlyexpresstheextremepainofthenarrator,buthisdesire

toloselogic,senses,identityaswell.

Apartfromhisindividualsorrows,thenarratoralsodescribessuffering

asinevitableforeverylifeonearth:

Theweariness,thefever,andthefret

Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;

Wherepalsyshakesafew,sad,lastgrayhairs,

Whereyouthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,anddies;

Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow

Andleaden-eyeddespairs,

WhereBeautycannotkeepherlustrouseyes,

OrnewLovepineatthembeyondto-morrow.(ll.21-30)

Inthefirstfourlines,thepoetliststhephysicalsufferingofpeoplein

detail,including“weariness”,“fever”,“fret”,“palsy”andTuberculosis.

Thereactionofman,however,isbarelyto“sit”and“heareachother

groan”.Therefore,thegapbetweentheenormousvarietiesofmiseriesand

thesolesolutionofhumanbeingselicitsafeelingofhelplessnessfromread-

astfourlines,insteadofphysicalpains,mentalsufferingsare

portrayedbyinvolving“despairs”,“Love”and“Beauty”.What’sinterest-

ingis,“despairs”inlinetwenty-sixistreatedasacountablecommonnoun,

indicatingtherearesomanydespairsthatitisverydifficulttodistinguish

betweenthem.“Love”and“Beauty”owsLoveand

Beautyaresouniqueandrare,indicatingthenarrator’sdisappointmentsto-

s,avividlanguageisem-

ployedandthusdeepensthesorrowfulatmospherebypersonifyingthepalsy

asanoldbutobstinatespecterwith“afew,sad,lastgreyhairs”,andLove

andBeautyasapowerlessfemale,whothoughwishestohelp,candonoth-

ingbut“keeplustrouseyes”andpine.

Apartfromportrayingtheinevitableandnumerousmiseriesofmen,the

narratoralsodescribesthesublimethings,whichstandsforforgetfulness,re-

lief,easeandhappiness,showinghiswishtoquittherealbutsorrowful

world.

Rightafterthefirstfewlineswherethenarratordescribeshisindividu-

alsuffering,anunrelatedlineisinsertedabruptly:“Oneminutepast,and

Lethe-wardshadsunk…”(l.4).Inthisline,thepoetcombinestwonormally

sri-

diculousas“oneminute”isanextremelyshorttimeintherealworldwhile

Lethe”r,asLetheis

theriverofforgetfulnesswhichwipesawaymemoriesandexperiences,the

thisway,theforgetfulnessandimmortalityrepresentedbytheriverLetheis

reallyappealingforthesadnarrator,andcontributetohisself-abandonment.

“

“

Inaddition,thehappinessofthenightingalealsoservesasanappeal

andcontributestothenarrator’sabandonmentofhisindividualidentity:

‘Tisnotthroughenvyofthyhappylot,

Butbeingtoohappyinthinehappiness,--

Thatthou,light-wingedDryadofthetrees,

Insomemelodiousplot

Ofbeechengreen,andshadowsnumberless,

Singestofsummerinfull-throatedease.(ll.5-10)

Intheselines,lifeforthenightingaleseemstobeextremelyeasy;iten-

ase“full-throatedease”is

likeaparadoxas“ease”and“full-throated”,whichisnotacommonstate

andrequiresalotofenergy,canneverbeachievedatthesametimeinthe

realworld,indicatingthebird’

way,forthesicknarratorwhoisharriedby“numbnesspains”(line1),using

s,

thespiritualhappinessofthebirdcanbefeltasitisconnectedwithenerget-

icwordslike“light-winged”,“beechengreen”,“summer”,“Flora”and

sun-burntgreen”,indicatingthementalconditionofthenarrator,though

hasneverbeenrevealedevidently,isheavy,grey,andlikeasluggishwinter.

Thus,anenormouscontrastbetweenthetwoisdrawn,leadingtotheenvy

andsadnessofthenarrator,evenifhestatesheis“toohappy”andnot“jeal-

ous”.

Pursuanttothecontrastbetweentherealityandtheimaginary,thenar-

rator’sdesiretolosehisidentityandjointhesublimeissostrongthateven

adraughtofvintagewhichcanbringhimnearertothesublimestatemakes

himnervousandlonging:

O,foradraughtofvintage!thathathbeen

Cool'dalongageinthedeep-delvedearth,

TastingofFloraandthecountrygreen,

Dance,andProven?alsong,andsunburntmirth!

OforabeakerfullofthewarmSouth,

Fullofthetrue,theblushfulHippocrene,

Withbeadedbubbleswinkingatthebrim,

Andpurple-stainedmouth

ThatImightdrink,andleavetheworldunseen,

Andwiththeefadeawayintotheforestdim:(ll.11-20)

Intheselines,insteadofportrayinghissufferingortheecstasyinthe

sublimity,thenarratorstartstoimaginewhatheMIGHThearandseeinthat

soagitatedbythesepossibilities,hedeepenshis

irstfourlines,hede-

scribesdrinkingadraughtofvintageasapossibilityforvitality,anenergetic

andhealthyphysicalstate,byreferringto“Flora”,“countrygreen”,

dance”,“Proven?alsong”and“sun-burntmirth”.Inthefollowingfour

lines,however,thenarratorisconcernedmoreaboutinspirationsbroughtby

thatworld,bymentioning“theblushfulHippocrene”,afountainofthe

way,thenarratorcanbecheered

solelythroughthepossibilityoffadingintosublimity;becauseofthisbright

prospect,heisnotconcernedabouthisphysicalsituationonly,butdesires

more,tuallystates“[he]might

drink,andleavetheworldunseen”,indicatinghecannotholdhisowniden-

tityanymore,andplanstotakethepathanddissolveintosublimity.

Inthisway,bycomparingtheagonyofrealitytotheecstasyofsublimi-

ty,thenarratorshowshiswishtolosehisidentity,inordertohaveatasteof

themagnificentworldconstructedbyimagination.

II

Althoughthenarratorshowshisdesiretolosehisidentitydistinctively

byportrayingtheenormouscontrastbetweenghastlinessoftherealityand

theecstasyoftheimaginary,hisreluctancebeforeenteringsublimityimplic-

itlyindicatehiswishtokeephisidentity.

Firstly,asthenarratorishesitanttolosehisidentitytosomeextent,it

thenarrator

startstoportrayhissufferingsandpainsattheverybeginning,hedoesnot

inebetween

thesetwopointsseemstoformadifficultself-persuasion:Thepoethasto

useextremelyvividandhyperboliclanguagetodescribethesufferingofmen

aswellasthepossibilitiesforaneasefulandpeacefullifeafterthe

self-abandonment(seeexamplesdemonstratedinI),onlytopersuadehim-

selftoforgetabouthissufferingandidentity.

Inaddition,evenafterthenarratorhasdecidedtogowiththesublime,

sufferingsofthewholehumanspeciesinreality,however,stilllingerinhis

headevenwhenheISdissolving:“Fadefaraway,dissolve,andquiteforget/

Whatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown,/Theweariness,thefever,

andthefret/Here,wheremensitandheareachothergroan;/wherepalsy

科技信息

shakesafew,sad,lastgreyhairs,/Whereyouthgrowspale,andspec-

tre-thin,anddies;/Wherebuttothinkistobefullofsorrow…”(ll.21-27).

Aparadoxhasbeencreatedwhenthepoetkeepspersuadinghimselfto

“quiteforgetwhatthouamongtheleaveshastneverknown”.Ononehand,

thenarratoristryingtotellhimselfthehideousnessoftherealworldbylist-

therhand,however,byrepeatingand

portrayingthemiseriessointensely,hecannothelpbutremembersthese

way,thisprocessshowsnotonlyhishesita-

tiontowardslosingidentity,butideasaboutpainandsuffering,ironically,

helphimtobeartherealityinmindaswell.

Therefore,enteringecstasy,

ononehand,hepersuadeshimselftoabandonhisidentitybycomparingthe

realitywiththesublimity;ontheotherhand,heisreluctanttolosshimself

avingtastedthe

sublime,however,thenarratorcannothelpthinkingaboutmiseriesandwoes

ofhumanbeingseveninamuchdeeper

III

way.

Becauseoftheverystrugglesandbalancesofself-abandonmentand

self-preservation,thenarratorfinallycomesbacktotherealityandarrives

ataplacewherehisdeepestindividualitylives.

Firstly,thevisionsofthesublimebroughtbyself-abandonmentprovide

kindoffeelingiselicitedbecauseoftheenormousgapbetweentheexpecta-

enteringthestateof

ecstasy,thenarratoruseswordslike“beechengreen”,“countrygreen”,

“sun-burntmirth”,“forestdim”,indicatinghiswishforbrightcolorsand

light;healsouses“full-throated”,“dance”,“Proven?alsong”,showinghis

ecircumstanceinthesublimeworld,how-

ever,isquitetheopposite:“Butthereisnolight,/Savewhatfromheavenis

withthebreezesblown/Throughverdurousgloomsandwindingmossy

ways…”(ll.48-50).Thisunexpectedresultmayshockthenarratorsomuch

thathisconcernaboutthephysicalsufferingisleftbehindcompletely,which

allowshimtointrospectintohisrealattitudestowardsdeathandliving.

Inaddition,thequietnessandpeacefulnesscreatedbytheabsolute

darknessalsohelp:

Icannotseewhatflowersareatmyfeet,

Norwhatsoftincensehangsupontheboughs,

But,inembalmeddarkness,guesseachsweet

Wherewiththeseasonablemonthendows

Thegrass,thethicket,andthefruit-treewild;

Whitehawthorn,andthepastoraleglantine;

Fastfadingvioletscoveredupinleaves;

Andmid-May’seldestchild,

Thecomingmust-rose,fullofdewywine,

Themurmuroushauntoffliesonsummereves.(StanzaV)

Inthefirsttwolines,bysaying“Icannotseewhatflowersareatmy

feet,/Norwhatsoftincensehangsupontheboughs”,thenarratorseemsto

indicatehisinabilitytoembracethesublimitybecauseofthelossofvisual

r,thelossofhisphysical

eyesseemedtohaveopenedhisinnereyes;byfollowinghisownheart,the

narratorisableto“see”thegeneralshapeof“thegrass”,“thethicket”,

“thefruit-tree”,aswellascolorsthehawthornwhiteanddistinguishesthe

,flowersandothersurroundingelementsare

managestoimagineananimat-

way,

thenarrator’sadmirationtowardsnatureissoimmensethateventhemur-

murousflies,whichcanspreaddiseases,arerelatedwithevesofsummer,a

timeinvolvingbothserenityandvitality.

Becauseofthetranquilitycreatedbytheself-abandonment,thenarra-

toreventuallymanagestointrospectintohisdeepestmind:“DarklingIlis-

ten;and,formanyatime/IhavebeenhalfinlovewitheasefulDeath,/

Calledhimsoftnamesinmanyamusedrhyme,/Totakeintotheairmyquiet

breath…”(ll.61-64).Thesignificanceis,itistheveryfirsttimethatthe

narratorrevealshisopiniontowardsdeathdirectlyandclearly,thoughhe

admittingheis“halfinlovewitheasefulDeath”,thenarratorindicateshe

alsolovesthelivingequally,anditisthephysicalpainsthatblindtheeyes

ofhismind.

Aftertheveryfundamentalquestionthattroublesthenarratorsomuch

hasbeenelicited,

saying“ThevoiceIhearthispassingnightwasheard/Inancientdaysby

emperorandclown”(ll.73-74),thenarratorindicatesdeathisaninevitable

journeyforeverysingleman,includinghimself.

（下转第171页）

—169—

“

“

科技信息

5.倾听读者意见，提高服务质量

图书馆是为读者服务的，没有读者的参与，图书馆就成为一潭死

水。图书馆应利用各种平台，以真诚的态度接受读者的意见和建议，力

求与读者建立相互沟通、相互了解、相互支持的良好关系，在读者的启

示和建议下改进图书馆的服务工作，推动图书馆服务工作的创新。

（1）建立读者服务工作信息反馈平台

加强与读者的联系，创建读者发表意见和建议的环境。我馆除在

服务前台设立传统的意见簿外，还开展了图书馆电话在线服务，读者可

进行电话咨询、口头挂失、预约、反馈意见等，还通过公共邮箱、网站等

措施来发挥读者的主动性，鼓励读者积极参与管理，提出自己的建议和

想法。

（2）开展问卷调查，反馈读者意见

我馆进行过两次问卷调查，一次是针对图书馆各项工作征求意见

的调查，一次是关于电子资源使用情况的调查。尤其是第二次，我们对

读者提出的意见进行梳理，哪些是应该改进的，哪些建议是可以采纳

的，分类进行整理，写成“数字资源使用状况问卷调查意见综述”，上报

给领导作参考，做决策。

（3）创建有学生参与的读书协会

为了推动读书活动，配合校园文化建设，我馆和学校团委、学生会

联系，开展读书活动，如连续三年举办的“4.23世界读书日”活动，在学

校师生中产生了较大的影响力，也锻炼了学生干部，为我们即将成立的

读书协会储备了经验和契机。读书协会的成立，一方面可以推动读书

活动，又可以通过他们了解学生对图书馆工作的意见和建议，提高图书

馆服务质量。

（4）发挥学生馆员的桥梁作用

学生馆员到图书馆勤工俭学，了解图书馆工作，同时他们也是读

者，也了解同学们对图书馆的需求，他们就是图书馆与读者之间的纽带

和桥梁，通过他们，能促进双方的沟通，缩短双方的距离，增进了解与和

谐。因此，我们和学生馆员经常一起交流，期末还一起座谈，听取他们

的意见和建议。

6.加强队伍建设，提高服务水平

印度图书馆学家阮冈纳赞早在几十年前就说过：“一个图书馆成败

的关键还是在于图书馆工作者”。美国图书馆学者谢拉也认为：“图书

馆员作为知识的管理者，不可缺少的是关于知识的知识”。因此，图书

馆员作为图书馆的要素中最主要的因素，其素质的高低是关系图书馆

发展的重要条件之一，为此，全面提升馆员的思想素质和业务水平显得

极为重要。

（上接第169页）

However,as“thouwastnotbornfordeath,immortal

Bird”(line70),way,hecanneverachieve

aneternalecstasylikethebird,aswhenhumanbeingsdie,theysimply“be-

comeasod”(l.69)isthecase,thenbyuttering“

Thesamethatoft-timeshath/Charmedmagiccasements,openingonthe

foam/Ofperiloussea,infairylandsforlorn”,thenarratoreventuallyseesthe

othersideofdeath-itdoesnotonlymeaneternaleaseandpeace,butever-

lastinglonelinessaswell:

Forlorn!Theverywordislikeabell

Totollmebackfromtheetomysoleself!

Adieu!Thefancycannotcheatsowell

Assheisfamedtodo,deceivingelf,

Adieu!Adieu!Thyplaintiveanthemfades…(ll.81-85)

Therefore,becauseoftheself-abandonment,thenarrator’sownstrug-

gletowardsdeathandlivingisexposed;andbecauseoftheself-preserva-

tion,hefinallychoosestolivebyfindingoutthedarksidebroughtbydeath

aswellashisdeepestdesire.

IV

Thebalanceofself-abandonmentandself-preservationnotonlyhelps

thenarratortointrospectintohismind,

composedthisverypoemwhenhewastorturedbytuberculosis,adiseasein-

volvingchroniccoughingandconstanthematemesisuntilthedeathofthe

time,thepoetwasstrugglingtomakeachoicebetweena

peacefuldeathandatorturouslife,andonlythroughcomposingpoemscould

way,thispoemisinlinewiththerealsitua-

tionofthepoetandalsoraisestheveryto-be-or-not-to-bequestion.

Therefore,thesublimerealmbroughtbythenightingalewhichhaslim-

itlessandunchangeablevitality,happinessandeasecanberegardedasa

rowfulandsufferingrealityin

thepoem,evidently,is

thecase,Keats’alsoinvolvehisownidentityinthispoem.

Althoughitisevidentthatalllinesaboutphysicalsufferinghavesome-

thingtodowithKeats’life,linethirty-sixstandsoutasitdescribesexactly

thesymptomsoftuberculosis:“…youthgrowspale,andspectre-thin,and

dies”,indicatingKeats’extremelysorrowforhisprematuredeathaswellas

首先，进行职工队伍的服务理念教育，加强理论学习，并联系工作

实际，学习了《中国图书馆员职业道德准则》，用生动的事例，反复强化

为读者服务的意识。

再就是对馆员进行业务培训，提高现有人员业务素质。我馆采用

内部培训、派出学习、请专家上门等方式，对全馆职工进行业务培训。

内部培训内容有《中图法》介绍、文献分类实训、电子资源检索、本馆书

目查询以及服务器的使用等；派出学习，一是就近学习，派出采编部和

技术部人员到兄弟院校学习中外文图书的编目、网站的建设、电子阅览

室管理等，二是积极与省高校图工委联系，派员参加新技术的应用培训

和新技术应用的学术研讨会；请专家上门，主要是请本馆管理系统厂家

的技术员以及数据库商家的专业人员上门培训馆员等。通过各种方式

的培训，以前张口就说“外行话”的现象少了，口中的专业术语多了，馆

员的业务能力有了很大的提高。

但是，一支精干的职工队伍不是一朝一夕就可以锤炼出来的，还必

须制定长远的人才培养计划，使每个馆员都有接受系统教育的机会，使

馆员的业务知识得到不断的补充及更新。为了提高馆员的素质，一方

面我们把好进人关，在有限的编制内，只进专业技术人员，严格控制“关

系户”，另一方面，向领导争取机会，派人到专门的培训机构参加短期培

训或到大学的图情专业进行半年到一年的业务进修。在馆内，引进竞

争机制，定期对馆员进行业务考评和组织业务竞赛，以此来提高馆员的

业务知识和专业技能，并将考评结果与职称挂钩，本着能者上、平者让、

庸者下、劣者汰的原则给馆员一个公平竞争、不进则退的工作氛围，从

制度上促进馆员提高自身素质，以此提高图书馆队伍整体水平，只有业

务能力强了，才能提高服务质量。

三、结束语

于细微处见精神。虽然我们做的是繁琐细微的工作，但我们心中

有读者，行动为读者，这就是图书馆读者创新服务的动力所在。

参考文献

［1］林杏.独立学院图书馆管理创新的思考［J］.凯里学院学报，2011,

（1）

［2］海涛.谈新形势下高校图书馆的服务创新［J］.中国科技信息，

2007,（24）

［3］张厚生，王启云.数字化网络化环境下图书馆读者服务模式研

究［J］.东南大学学报:哲学社会科学版,2005,（1）

［4］张洁.浅谈独立学院图书馆读者服务工作［J］.科技信息，2011,

（20）

thedesireforahealthybodyandalonglife.

Moreover,theidentityandmemoryofthepoetareinvolvedwhenhere-

ferstoRuth,afemalewhohaslostherhusbandandson,asKeats’himself

ore,bysay-

ing“ThroughthesadheartofRuth,when,sickforhome,/Shestoodintears

amidthealiencorn;Thesamethatoft-timeshath/Charmedmagiccase-

ments,openingonthefoam/Ofperilousseas,infairylandsforlorn”

(ll.77-80),thepoetexpresseshisfeelingoflonelinessandhelplessness;the

r,asRutheventu-

allygainshercourageandstartsanewlife,Keatsmayalsoindicatehiswish

tofulfillhisshortlifetothelargestextent.

Tosumup,bothself-abandonmentandself-preservationareimportant

elementsinKeats’poems,asadeeperunderstandingofselfcanbe

ratorinthepo-

em“OdetoaNightingale”canbeseenasarepresentationofKeats;though

hesitatesandstrugglesforsometime,heeventuallychoosestoleavethesub-

limityandfulfillhisshortandsufferinglife.

Bibliography

［1］Benton,RichardP.“KeatsandZen.”PhilosophyEastandWest

16,No.1/2(1966):33-46

［2］Bisson,L.A.“RousseauandtheRomanticExperience.”The

ModernLanguageReview37,No.1(1942):37-49

［3］Davis,R.T.“Was‘NegativeCapability’EnoughforKeats?”

StudiesinPhilosophy55,No.1(1985):76-85

［4］Keats,J.“Letter152.”,M.

:OxfordUniversityPress(1942):391

［5］Keats,J.“Letter123.”,M.

:OxfordUniversityPress(1942):336

［6］Keats,J.“Letter102.”,M.

:OxfordUniversityPress(1942):271

［7］Keats,J.“Letter79.”,M.

:OxfordUniversityPress(1942):191

［8］Keats,J.“OdetoaNightingale”

—171—