翻译理论(简单)

翻译理论(简单)


2024年5月13日发(作者:win7官方原版系统镜像)

1.翻译的定义和内涵:

(Definition and Connotation) Translation is an art/ science/craft?

2.中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles) 严复:信达雅—

faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “three character guide” is regarded a

s a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.

傅雷:神似—

spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of th

e original. 强调原作神韵再现。

钱钟书:化境—

sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator‟s smooth and idiomatic Chinese ver

sion for the sake of the Chinese reader. 刘重德:信、达、切—

faithfulness / expressiveness / closeness. 3.中国翻译史上的论争

鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。 目的:引入英文句式的表

达法

梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,

便于交流。 4.直译与意译

直译:literal translation;意译:free translation 直译的例子:

crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪;armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿; chain reaction 连

锁反应;gentlemen‟s agreement 君子协定 one country, two systems 一国两制;

The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流;paper tiger 纸老虎;

Breath one‟s last 断气;go to one‟s external rest 安息;the long sleep 长眠;

see Marx 见马克思;go west 上西天;go to heaven 上天堂;

blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡;kick the bucket 蹬腿:

You can kick everything but you can not kick the bucket

直译不等于死译(dead translation): 街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生。

Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning. “In the street

” should be replaced by “in the community”.

她一大早起床,进城,见到了她的公爹:

She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father. Public father should

be father in law. 意译的例

句子

比较

:It rains cats and dogs / at sixes and sevens /Adam‟s apple

Little fish does not eat big fish 直译:小鱼不吃大鱼;意译:胳膊拧不过大腿 试译:天

有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福

直译:

Storms gather without warning in nature and bad luck befalls men overnight.

意译:The weather and human life are both unpredictable

有人说,翻译是带着镣铐跳舞(translation is like dancing in fetters);还有人说,

翻译像女人,忠实的不漂亮,漂亮的不忠实。实际上,忠实与通顺的关系是辩证关系。

5.归化与异化(domestication/adaptation or foreignization / alienation)

归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具;在实践上,强调通俗

易懂,避免多义或歧义。习惯认为,当原文与译文之间因文化差异而出现不能通达的

情况时,“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面,或

套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法,把它们变成读者熟悉的译语文化形象。

归化派代表人物尤金•奈达(Eugene A. Nida): Functional Equivalence 功能对等

What is functional equivalence?

“The receptors of the translated text could respond to it with comprehensio

n and appreciation in essentially the same manner and to the same degree as the

original receptors of the message”;

“Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of

the readers of the original”---- Nida

For instance: as white as snow 通常译为白如雪 / 但没有见过雪的人可以将其翻译

为“白如白鹭毛”,以达到功能对等的目的。 Spring up like mushrooms---雨后春笋

Everybody's business is nobody's business. 三个和尚无水喝

Among the blind the one -eyed man is king. 山中无老虎,猴子称霸王

然而,翻译负有文化交流的使命,即尽可能把一个民族的语言和文化习惯介绍给另一

个民族。鲁迅先生就特别强调译文要“保留原文的丰姿”。 在南京大学姜秋霞教授举办的

一次翻译调查中,多数读者认为,读异国文学是为了欣赏异国作品特有的韵味和语言风格,

他们在读译文之前就已经对不同文化的差异有了一定的心理准备,有些人读译文的目的之

一是想了解外国人与中国人之间的异同究竟在什么地方。因此,从促进世界文化交流这个

角度上讲,我们在处理英译汉或汉译英时,都应着力于全面、完整地向译语读者介绍对方(己

方)的全部意蕴,包括文化。特别要强调的是,在汉译英中,我们尤其要树立这种文化意识,

积极创造条件,弘扬中华文化,帮助英语读者扩大加深对中华文化的了解。异化的翻译无

疑在文化交流方面起了巨大的作用。

异化派代表人物韦努蒂(Lawrence Venuti ):

All roads lead to Rome: 条条大道通罗马 不能译成:殊途同

归 To teach one‟s grandmother to eat eggs: 教老祖母吃鸡蛋 不能译成:班门弄斧

班门弄斧:

show off one‟s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban, the master carpenter. Henc

e:

Make hay while it is sunshine: 不能译成:趁热打铁

If I slapped someone, He would see the way to Cracow: 要是我给谁一巴掌,准

会把他扇到克拉科去。不能:一巴掌扇到西天去。 武松要吃酒,哪里听他人发说,一转身

道:“放屁!放屁!”pass your wind/sheer nonsense


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