2024年3月12日发(作者：)

Advice For Maintaining Hydraulic Accumulators

液压蓄能器维护建议

Gas-charged accumulators are ubiquitous on modern hydraulic systems. They

carry out numerous functions, which include energy storage and reserve,

leakage and thermal compensation, shock absorption, and energy recovery.充

气式蓄能器在现代液压系统普遍存在，它们执行很多功能，包括能量储备和保存、泄漏和热

量补偿、吸收震动、和能量恢复。

While accumulators present a number of advantages in hydraulic system

operation and can provide many years of trouble-free service, they are a

maintenance item.蓄能器在液压系统运行方面有很多好处，可以提供多年无故障运行服

务，它们也是维护对象。

For example, the correct gas pre-charge pressure must be maintained for

proper functioning and optimum service life. Also, periodic inspection, testing

and certification can be required by law - accumulators are pressure vessels

after all.例如，正确的充气压力能保持合适的功能和适宜的服务寿命。还有，定期检测、

测试和法律规定需要的合格证（蓄能器也是压力容器）。

Accumulator Types 蓄能器类型

The three types of gas-charged accumulators you'll encounter on hydraulic

systems are bladder, piston and diaphragm.你遇到液压系统的充气式蓄能器有三种

类型：气囊式、活塞式和隔膜式。

The most popular of these is the bladder type. Bladder accumulators feature

fast response (less than 25 milliseconds), a maximum gas compression ratio of

around 4:1 and a maximum flow rate of 15 liters (4 gallons) per second,

although "high-flow" versions up to 38 liters (10 gallons) per second are

available. Bladder accumulators also have good dirt tolerance; they are mostly

unaffected by particle contamination in the hydraulic fluid.大多数常用蓄能器是气

囊式的。气囊式蓄能器有快速响应性能（小于25毫秒），最大气体压缩比为4：1，最大

流量可达15L/s（4加仑/s），虽然大流量型可以达到38L/s是可行的。气囊式蓄能器也

有好的耐污性，它们几乎不受液压流体中固体颗粒污染物影响。

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Piston accumulators, on the other hand, can handle much higher gas

compression ratios (up to 10:1) and flow rates as high as 215 liters (57 gallons)

per second. Unlike bladder accumulators, whose preferred mounting position is

vertical to prevent the possibility of fluid getting trapped between the bladder

and the shell, piston accumulators can be mounted in any position.活塞蓄能器，

另一方面，可以达到更高的压缩比（达到10：1），流量达到215L/s。不同于气囊式蓄能

器的是，气囊式蓄能器只可以垂直安装来预防流体从气囊和壳体间随意窜动，活塞式蓄能器

能在任意位置安装。

But, piston accumulators also require a higher level of fluid cleanliness than

bladder units, have slower response times (greater than 25 milliseconds) -

especially at lower pressures - and exhibit hysteresis. This is explained by the

static friction of the piston seal which has to be overcome, and the necessary

acceleration and deceleration of the piston mass.但是，活塞式蓄能器比气囊式蓄能

器需要液体有更高的清洁度等级，较慢的响应时间（超过25毫秒）=特别是在低压状态显

示滞后。这主要是活塞密封的静态摩擦下会被战胜，和活塞质量造成的可能的加速和减速。

Diaphragm accumulators have most of the advantages of bladder-type units but

can handle gas compression ratios up to 8:1. They are limited to smaller

volumes, and their performance can sometimes be affected by gas permeation

across the diaphragm.隔膜式的蓄能器有大多数气囊式蓄能器的好处，但是它的气体压

缩比可以达到8：1。它们被限制用在小容量蓄能器，它们的性能有时会受到气体通过隔膜

渗漏的影响。

Maintenance Considerations 维护注意事项

When charging the gas end of a bladder or diaphragm accumulator, the nitrogen

gas should always be admitted very slowly. If the high-pressure nitrogen is

allowed to expand rapidly as it enters the bladder, it can chill the bladder's

polymeric material to the point where immediate brittle failure occurs. Rapid

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pre-charging can also force the bladder underneath the poppet at the oil-end,

causing it to be cut. If pre-charge pressure is too high or minimum system

pressure is reduced without a corresponding reduction in pre-charge pressure,

the operation of the accumulator will be affected and damage may also result.

当给气囊式和隔膜式蓄能器充气时，氮气经常要求非常慢。假如高压氮气允许进入气囊时快

速地扩张，它将导致把气囊的聚合物材料变冷到某部位点立即地易碎失效发生。快速充气也

会将气囊挤入油端锥形阀的下面，导致气囊被切。如果预充气压力过高或者最小系统压力变

小而预充气压力没有做相应减少，蓄能器的运行将受影响和导致损坏的结果。

Excessive pre-charge of a bladder accumulator can drive the bladder into the

poppet assembly during discharge, causing damage to the poppet assembly

and/or the bladder. This is a common cause of bladder failure.气囊式蓄能器过分

的预充气会在泄压时把气囊卡进装配的锥形阀里，导致锥形阀或者气囊损坏。这是气囊失效

的基本原因。

Diaphragm Accumulator隔膜式蓄能器

Low or no pre-charge also can have drastic consequences for bladder

accumulators. It can result in the bladder being crushed into the top of the shell

by system pressure. This can cause the bladder to extrude into or be punctured

by the gas valve. In this scenario, only one such cycle is required to destroy the

bladder.低压或者没有预充气也能是气囊式蓄能器过频波动。结果是气囊在系统压力下在

壳体顶部起皱损坏。这将导致气囊被气阀挤入或被刺破。在这种情景下，仅仅需要一个循环

就会破坏气囊。

Similarly, excessively high or low pre-charge of a piston accumulator can cause

the piston to bottom out at the end of its stroke, resulting in damage to the

piston and its seal. The good news is that, if this happens, an audible warning

will result. Even though piston accumulators can be damaged by improper

charging, they are much more tolerant of it than bladder accumulators.一样的，

过高或者过低的预充气压力会导致活塞蓄能器的活塞到达行程末端的底部，损坏活塞和它的

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密封。好消息是，假如这发生，一个听的见的警示将产生。即使活塞蓄能器能被不合适的充

气损坏，它们还是比气囊式蓄能器更可以让人容忍。

Held to Standards 坚持标准

Accumulators are pressure vessels and as such are manufactured, tested and

certified according to statutory standards. In the United States, for example,

the relevant standard is the ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code VIII, Division 1.

蓄能器是压力容器，从生产、测试和验证都要按照法定的标准，在美国，例如，相关标准是

ASME锅炉和压力容器编号VIII，1级。

All pressure vessels manufactured to these standards are considered to have a

finite service life depending on the number of pressure cycles experienced

during normal operation. The typical design life for a hydraulic accumulator is

12 years.所有按照这些标准制造的压力容器，要考虑限定的服务寿命建立在正常运行一定

压力循环次数上。典型的液压蓄能器设计寿命是12年。

In many jurisdictions, periodic inspection and recertification is required. This

particularly applies to hydraulic accumulators which have relatively large

volumes and operate at high working pressures. Inspection may be required at

predetermined intervals (i.e. every two, five or 10 years) or when a certain

percentage of usable design life is deemed to have been reached.在许多管辖内

容，定期检查和再检验是需要的。这个特别的应用是给相关大容积和在高的工作压力下的液

压蓄能器。检查可能需要在预先确定的时间间隔内(即每隔2年、5年或10年)或被认为已

经达到了一定比例的可用设计寿命。

Depending on the volume and pressure rating of the accumulator,

recertification may involve one or more of the following: visual inspection,

ultrasonic thickness testing and/or hydrostatic pressure testing.

根据蓄能器的容

量和压力等级，换发新证可能涉及一个或多个以下内容：目视检查、超声波测厚测试和/或

静态水压测试。

You're Responsible 你责任重大

So if you're responsible for hydraulic equipment which incorporates an

accumulator, familiarize yourself with the relevant regulations that apply in

your locale.

所以如果你负责包含一个蓄能器的液压设备，你要熟悉应用于你的工作场所

的有关规定。

And along with every other component on your hydraulic machines, it's your

responsibility to make sure all accumulators are properly maintained and safe to

use.和你的其他的液压设备部件一样，你有责任保证你的蓄能器的合理维护和安全使用。

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本翻译仅为学习交流，版权归Noria公司所有，由此产生的版权纠纷与本中心无关。

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