2024年3月10日发(作者：)

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How stress affects your body

压力如何影响你的身体

Cramming for a test? Trying to get more done than you have time to do?

Stress is a feeling we all experience when we are challenged or overwhelmed.

正在为考试突击填鸭背诵？尝试在有限的时间内完成更多的事儿？当面临挑战或感到

无助时，我们可以清晰的感受到压力的存在。

But more than just an emotion, stress is a hardwired physical response that

travels throughout your entire body. In the short term, stress can be advantageous,

but when activated too often or too long, your primitive fight or flight stress

response not only changes your brain but also damages many of the other organs

and cells throughout your body.

但压力不仅仅是一种情绪，它还是一种穿行在我们体内的身体反应，就像电路板上的

电流那样。短期来看，压力有着积极作用；但是当压力出现的过于频繁，持续的过长时，

它产生的反应，不仅仅会影响到你的大脑，还会对你全身的器官与细胞造成伤害。

Your adrenal gland releases the stress hormones cortisol, epinephrine, also

known as adrenaline, and norepinephrine. As these hormones travel through your

blood stream, they easily reach your blood vessels and heart.

你的肾上腺会释放压力荷尔蒙皮质醇，肾上腺素，以及去甲肾上腺素。所有的这些激

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素在你的血液系统中穿行着，它们可以轻易的到达你的血管和心脏。

Adrenaline causes your heart to beat faster and raises your blood pressure,

over time causing hypertension. Cortisol can also cause the endothelium, or inner

lining of blood vessels, to not function normally.

肾上腺素会使你的心跳加速、血压升高，时间长了还会引发高血压。压力荷尔蒙皮质

醇会令你的内循环或血管中的内覆组织无法正常运行。

Scientists now know that this is an early step in triggering the process of

atherosclerosis or cholesterol plaque build up in your arteries. Together, these

changes increase your chances of a heart attack or stroke.

如今，科学家发现这些还是产生动脉硬化以及胆固醇斑块化的早期诱因。同时，它们

还会增加心脏病或中风的患病几率。

When your brain senses stress, it activates your autonomic nervous system.

Through this network of nerve connections, your big brain communicates stress to

your enteric, or intestinal nervous system.

当你的大脑感受到压力时，它会激活你的自主神经系统。通过这个系统中神经纤维间

的联系，你的大脑向你的肠道，或者说肠神经系统传递了压力的信号。

Besides causing butterflies in your stomach, this brain-gut connection can

disturb the natural rhythmic contractions that move food through your gut,

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leading to irritable bowel syndrome, and can increase your gut sensitivity to acid,

making you more likely to feel heartburn.

除了会令你紧张外（肠胃颤动），这个大脑与肠胃之间的联系还会打断有节奏的肠胃收

缩（正是这种收缩帮助食物蠕动进了胃里，）导致肠道易激综合症；同时使你更容易患上胃

酸、胃灼热。

Via the gut's nervous system, stress can also change the composition and

function of your gut bacteria, which may affect your digestive and overall health.

Speaking of digestion, does chronic stress affect your waistline? Well, yes.

通过肠神经系统，压力还会改变肠道细菌的成分和功能，而这可能会使你消化不良，

甚至影响你整个身体的健康。说到消化功能，那么长期的处于压力之中会否使人变胖呢？

答案是肯定的。

Cortisol can increase your appetite. It tells your body to replenish your energy

stores with energy dense foods and carbs, causing you to crave comfort foods.

High levels of cortisol can also cause you to put on those extra calories as visceral

or deep belly fat.

肾上腺皮质醇会增加你的食欲。它会向身体释放饥饿信号，进而促使你去进食大量的

高能量食物和碳水化合物来补充能量储存。肾上腺皮质醇甚至可以释放更高级的信号，让

身体将多余的卡路里转化为内脏脂肪或者皮下脂肪。

This type of fat doesn't just make it harder to button your pants. It is an organ