2024年2月25日发(作者：)

2003年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题SectionIDirections：thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CORDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,gbodiesneed4theyareadjustingtotheirnew,andawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromHowever,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbeactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,bookreviews,1098，publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenstudentartwork,friendsisopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful12extremelyimportanttoteenagers,akindoforganizationwithaIntheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthatyof16participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto17elsewithoutfeelingguesnotmeanthatadultsmust19forrolesthattheycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbyandtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.1.[A]thought2.[A]strengthen3.[A]care4.[A]If5.[A]assistance6.[A]claimed7.[A]improper[B]idea[B]accommodate[B]nutrition[B]Although[B]guidance[B]admired[B]risky[C]opinion[C]stimulate[C]exercise[C]Whereas[C]confidence[C]ignored[C]fair[D]advice[D]enhance[D]leisure[D]Because[D]tolerance[D]surpassed[D]wise

8.[A]ineffect9.[A]displaying10.[A]durable11.[A]group12.[A]consent13.[A]particularly14.[A]similar15.[A]ifonly16.[A]everything17.[A]off[B]asaresult[B]describing[B]excessive[B]individual[B]insurance[B]barely[B]long[B]nowthat[B]anything[B]down[C]forexample[C]creating[C]surplus[C]personnel[C]admission[C]definitely[C]different[C]sothat[C]nothing[C]out[D]inasense[D]exchanging[D]multiple[D]corporation[D]security[D]rarely[D]short[D]evenif[D]something[D]alone[D]Ontheotherhand[D]taking[D]efficiency18.[A]Onthecontrary[B]Ontheaverage[C]Onthewhole19.[A]making20.[A]capability[B]standing[B]responsibility[C]planning[C]proficiencySectionIIPartADirections:thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)ricanspymasterwhobuilttheOfficeofStrategicServicesintheWorldWarⅡnbelievedinusingwhatevertoolscametohandinthe“greatgame”ofespionage—spyingasa“profession.”ThesedaystheNet,whichhasalreadyre-madesucheverydaypastimesasbuyingbooksandsendingmail,isreshapingDonovan’estrevolutionisn’tsimplyamatterofgentlemenreadingothergentlemen’astthreeorfouryears,theWokscallit“opensourceintelligence,”andastheNetgrows,1995theCIAheldacontesttoseewhocouldcompilethemost

ner,byalargemargin,wasatinyVirginiacompanycalledOpen-SourceSolutions，hefirmsmakingthebiggestsplashinthenewworldisStraitford,Inc.,aprivateintelligence-analysisfirmbasedinAustin,fordmakesmoneybysellingtheresultsofspying(coveringnationsfromChiletoRussia)ordpresidentGeorgeFriedmansaysheseestheonlineworldasakindofmutuallyreinforcingtoolforbothinformationcollectionanddistribution,aspymaster’ekhisfirmwasbusyvacuumingupdatabitsfromthefarcornersoftheworldandpredictingacrisisinUkraine.“Assoonasthatreportruns,we’llsuddenlyget500newinternetsign-upsfromUkraine,”saysFriedman,aformerpoliticalscienceprofessor.“Andwe’llhearbackfromsomeofthem.”Open-sourcespyingdoeshaveitsrisks,ofcourse,’thefirm’ford’sbriefsdon’tsoundliketheusualWashingtonback-and-forthing,wherford,saysFriedman,rgenceoftheNethas.[B]remoldedtheintelligenceservices[D]revivedspyingasaprofession.[B]showhowhefoughtfortheUS[D]honorhisuniqueservicestotheCIA.[A]receivedsupportfromfanslikeDonovan[C]n’sstoryismentionedinthetextto[A]introducethetopicofonlinespying[C]ase“makingthebiggestsplash”(line1,paragraph3)mostprobablymeans[A]causingthebiggesttrouble[C]elearnedfromparagraph4that.[B]exertingthegreatesteffort[D]enjoyingthewidestpopularity[A]straitford’spredictionaboutUkrainehasprovedtrue[B]straitfordguaranteesthetruthfulnessofitsinformation[C]straitford’sbusinessischaracterizedbyunpredictability

[D]fordismostproudofits[A]officialstatus[C]efficientstaff.[B]nonconformistimage[D]militarybackgroundText2Toparaphrase18th-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusinsoftheanimalrightsmovementtargetbiomedicalresearchbecauseitdependsonpublicfunding,gallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,mple,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatcomesfromoristestedinanimals—nomeat,nofur,fsheopposedimmunizations,suredthattheydo,shereplied,“ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’istsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms,tomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother’shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’ewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,istscould“adopt”ouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmichinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,y,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,peopledonothing,

thereisarealpossibilitythatanuninhorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto[A]callonscientiststotakesomeactions[C]warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.[B]criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights[D]peopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis[A]cruelbutnatural[C]inevitablebutvicious[B]inhumanandunacceptable[D]mpleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s[A]discontentwithanimalresearch[C]indifferencetoepidemics[B]ignoranceaboutmedicalscience[D]horbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould[A]communicatemorewiththepublic[C]etextwelearnthatStephenCooperis[A]awell-knownhumanist[C]anenthusiastinanimalrights[B]employhi-techmeansinresearch[D]strivetodevelopnewcures.[B]amedicalpractitioner[D]asupporterofanimalresearchText3Inrecentyears,railroadshavebeencombiningwitheachother,mergingintosupersystems,ntlyas1995,thetopfourraiar,afteraseriesofmergersiscompleted,justfourrailroadswilltersofthenewsupersystemsarguethatthesemergersweatofmonopoly,theyargue,yshipperscomplainthatforheavybulkcommoditiestravelinglongdistances,suchascoal,chemicals,andgrain,tconsolidationwithinthadstypicallychargesuch“captive”shippers20to30perswhofeeltheyarebeingoverchargedhavetherighttoappealtothefederal

government'sSurfaceTransportationBoardforraterelief,buttheprocessisexpensive,timeconsuming,adsjustifyratediscriminationagainstcaptiveshippersonthegroundsthatinthelongrunitreduceseveryone'roadschargedallcustomersthesameaveragerate,theyargue,shipperswhohavetheoptionofswitchingtotrucksorotherformsoftransportationwoulddoso,'stheorytowhichmanyeconomistssubscribe,butinpracticeitoftenleavesrailroadsinthepositionofdeterminingwhichcompanieswillflourishandwhichwillfail.“Dowereallywantrailroadstobethearbitersofwhowinsandwholosesinthemarketplace?”asksMartinBercovici,ptivelroadindustryasawhole,despiteitsbrighteningfortuningfortunes,stilldoesnotearnenoughtocolroadscontinuetoborrowbillionstoacquireoneanother,erthe$l'snetrailwayoperatingincomein1996wasjust$427million,'sgoingtopayfortherestofthebill?Manycaptiveshippersfearthattheywill,ingtothosewhosupportmergers,railwaymonopolyisunlikelybecause[A]costreductionisbasedoncompetition.[C]outsidecompetitorswillcontinuetoexist..[B]servicescallforcross-tradecoordination.[D]manycaptiveshippers'attitudetowardstheconsolidationintherailindustry?[A]Indifferent.[B]Supportive.[C]Indignant..[D]einferredfromparagraph3that[A]shipperswillbechargedlesswithoutarivalrailroad.[B]therewillsoonbeonlyonerailroadcompanynationwide.[C]overchargedshippersareunlikelytoappealforraterelief.[D]d“arbiters”(line7,paragraph4)mostprobablyreferstothose[A]whoworkascoordinators.[C]whosupervisetransactions.[B]whofunctionasjudges.[D]whodeterminetheprice..

ingtothetext,thecostincreaseintherailindustryismainlycausedby[A]thecontinuingacquisition.[C]thecheeringWallStreet.[B]thegrowingtraffic.[D]theshrinkingmarket..Text4ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,ans’ghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,vancesoffertheagingpopulationevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—ansnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,nderstandthatatsomelevel,edbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’ians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—tooofte1950,theUSspent$2002,thecostwillbe$1,holarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—ColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”,sothatyounger,ticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,78,eCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,eadersarelivingproofthatpreventionwe68-year-old,sician,nowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,ion,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprove

people’impliedinthefirstsentence?[A]Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople.[B]Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore.[C]Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology.[D]horusestheexampleofcanerpatientstoshowthat[A]medicalresourcesareoftenwasted[B]doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases[C]sometreatmentsaretooaggressive[D]hor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof.[A]strongdisapproval[C]slightcontempt[B]reservedconsent[D]rastotheUS,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare.[A]moreflexibly[C]tintendstoexpresstheideathat.[A]medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives[B]lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving[C]deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife[D]excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare[B]moreextravagantly[D]morereasonablyPartBDirections:ReadthefollowianslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Humanbeingsiare

thoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiablecuriosity.（41）Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,tore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversityinacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfromsuchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselvesandwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos“human”andlogos“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,pologyisoneofthesocialsciences.（42）Socialscienceisthatbranchofintellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesamereasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassisciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,political,science,psychology,thesesocialscienceshasaspologyisafield-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethodinanalysis.（43）Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwithacross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,ardTylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsof19thcenturyscience.（44）Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplexwholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinitssimplicity,itwithinTylor’,andpatternedbehavior.（45）Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”inmathematics,isanabstractconceptwhiions:WritingStudythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayentitledinwhichyoushould1）describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and2）pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)