2024年3月31日发(作者：)

Born to win

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Section II Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark

[A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes

that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious 大21家 to how

they can best 大22家 such changes. Growing bodies need movement and

大23家, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 大24家 they are

adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional

challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 大25家 that

comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are

大26家 by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so

much competition that it would be 大27家 to plan activities in which there are

more winners than losers, 大28家, publishing newsletters with many

student-written book reviews, 大29家 student artwork, and sponsoring book

discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide 大30家 opportunities for

leadership, as well as for practice in successful 大31家 dynamics. Making friends

is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 大32家 of

some kind of organization with a supportive adult 大33家 visible in the

background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have

大34家 attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized 大35家

participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 大36家 else

without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 大37家. This does

Born to win

not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 大38家, they can help students

acquire a sense of commitment by 大39家 for roles that are within their 大40家

and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21. [A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion

22. [A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate

23. [A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise

24. [A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas

25. [A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence

26. [A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored

27. [A] improper [B] risky [C] fair

28. [A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example

29. [A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating

30. [A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus

31. [A] group [B] individual [C] personnel

32. [A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission

33. [A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely

34. [A] similar [B] long [C] different

35. [A] if only [B] now that [C] so that

36. [A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing

37. [A] off [B] down [C] out

38. [A] On the contrary [B] On the average

[C] On the whole [D] On the other hand

[D] advice

[D] enhance

[D] leisure

[D] Because

[D] tolerance

[D] surpassed

[D] wise

[D] in a sense

[D] exchanging

[D] multiple

[D] corporation

[D] security

[D] rarely

[D] short

[D] even if

[D] something

[D] alone

Born to win

39. [A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking

[D] efficiency 40. [A] capabilities [B] responsibilities [C] proficiency

Section III Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],

[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)

Text 1

Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster

who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots

for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever

tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage -- spying as a “profession.”

These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying

books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan’s vocation as well.

The latest revolution isn’t simply a matter of gentlemen reading other

gentlemen’s e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In

the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry

of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the

Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential. In 1995 the CIA held a contest to

see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin,

was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage

was its mastery of the electronic world.

Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is Straitford, Inc.,

a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money

by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to

corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its

predictions are available online at .

Straitford president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of

mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a

spymaster’s dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far

corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as that report runs,

we’ll suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a

former political science professor. “And we’ll hear back from some of them.”

Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell

good information from bad. That’s where Straitford earns its keep.

Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members

have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firm’s outsider status as the key

Born to win

to its success. Straitford’s briefs don’t sound like the usual Washington

back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they

might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.

41. The emergence of the Net has ________.

[A] received support from fans like Donovan

[B] remolded the intelligence services

[C] restored many common pastimes

[D] revived spying as a profession

42. Donovan’s story is mentioned in the text to ________.

[A] introduce the topic of online spying

[B] show how he fought for the U.S.

[C] give an episode of the information war

[D] honor his unique services to the CIA

43. The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably

means ________.

[A] causing the biggest trouble

[B] exerting the greatest effort

[C] achieving the greatest success

[D] enjoying the widest popularity

44. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that ________.

[A] Straitford’s prediction about Ukraine has proved true

[B] Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its information

[C] Straitford’s business is characterized by unpredictability

[D] Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information

45. Straitford is most proud of its ________.

[A] official status

[B] nonconformist image

[C] efficient staff

[D] military background

Text 2

To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the

triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now

Born to win

seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights

ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights

advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby threatening

advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement

target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people

understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to

animals in research settings, many are perplexed that anyone would deliberately

harm an animal.

For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a

recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use

anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.

Asked if she opposed immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from

animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say

yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Don’t worry,

scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just

don’t understand.

Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate,

understandable way -- in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We

need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmother’s hip

replacement, a father’s bypass operation, a baby’s vaccinations, and even a pet’s

shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these

treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful

at best and cruel at worst.

Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present

their own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest

animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of

truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals

receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate stakeholders are patients, the

health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known

personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about

the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people

do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the

precious embers of medical progress.

46. The author begins his article with Edmund Burke’s words to ________.

[A] call on scientists to take some actions

[B] criticize the misguided cause of animal rights

[C] warn of the doom of biomedical research

[D] show the triumph of the animal rights movement

47. Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is ________.

Born to win

[A] cruel but natural

[B] inhuman and unacceptable

[C] inevitable but vicious

[D] pointless and wasteful

48. The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the public’s

________.

[A] discontent with animal research

[B] ignorance about medical science

[C] indifference to epidemics

[D] anxiety about animal rights

49. The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates,

scientists should ________.

[A] communicate more with the public

[B] employ hi-tech means in research

[C] feel no shame for their cause

[D] strive to develop new cures

50. From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is ________.

[A] a well-known humanist

[B] a medical practitioner

[C] an enthusiast in animal rights

[D] a supporter of animal research

Text 3

In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into

supersystems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the

top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by

rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control

well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by major rail carriers.

Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for

substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly,

they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers

complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveling long distances, such as coal,

chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by

the throat.

The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are

served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers