2024年5月17日发(作者：2012年联想笔记本电脑型号)

词语的英译

—1.词义的分类

2.汉英词义的关系

3.词的种类

1.词义的分类

types of word’s meaning

Denotative meaning: (指称意义，概念意义）

Connotative meaning:（内涵意义）

 Stylistic meaning（文体意义，风格意义）

 Affective meaning （情感意义）

 Reflective meaning （联想意义）

 Collocative meaning （搭配意义）

指称意义的理解与表达：

我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。

时间过得真快！

情人节快到了。

这把刀很快。

My watch doesn’t keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day.

How time does fly!

Valentine’s Day is near. Or:

Valentine’s Day is at hand. Or:

Valentine’s Day is drawing near.

The knife is really sharp.

(*The knife is swift.)

蕴含意义的理解和表达

他是个纸老虎。

咱们俩的事，一条绳上拴着两条蚂蚱---谁也跑不了。

We are like two grasshoppers tied to one cord, neither can get away.

这似乎是瞎子点灯白费蜡。

It seemed as useless as a blind man lighting a candle.

练习应用：

说来话长。

It is a long story.

他的名字我一时说不上来。

I can’t recall his name at the moment.

你连续三天没交作业，这可说不过去。

You have failed to hand in your exercises for three days in a row. It is really inexcusable.

他两岁就学会看表了。

He could tell the time even when he was two.

我能看出你在想什么。

I can read your mind.

那是万万不行的。

That is absolutely out of question.

我万万没有想到。

The idea never occurred to me .

那位司机听不懂我的话。

That driver couldn’t understand me.

他懂礼貌。

He has good manners.

干部必须懂政策。

Cadres must have a good grasp of policies.

买大包装的吧，便宜多了。

Buy the economical size(economy-size). It’s a lot cheaper.

汉语词语的蕴含意义主要体现在：

1.修辞色彩：多表现在语言形式上，以叠词为例

2.文体特征：庄谐，雅俗之分

3.文化内涵：

修辞之叠词1：

叶子本是肩并肩密密地挨着，这便宛然有了一道凝碧的波痕。

The leaves, jostling and overlapping, produced as it were, a wave of deep green.(王俶升译）

另外还要注意汉语中数词的表达：

1).实指

一气呵成：

at one sitting

一面之词：

one-sided story

三十几个人，三三五五，各自在爱去的地方溜达。

Thirty-odd of us, in group of threes and fives, strolled wherever we liked.

2).虚指

那是万万不行的。

That is absolutely out of question.

一目十行：

read terribly fast

一刀两断：

break off relationship with

文体特征：

在我的后院，可以看见墙外有两株树，一株是枣树，还有一株也是枣树。

Behind the wall of my backyard you can see two trees. One is a date tree, the other is also a date

tree. (杨宪益，戴乃迭译）

汉英词义关系

1).词义相符(semantic correspondence)

2).词义相异(semantic non-correspondence)

1）I’m feeling blue today.

2) That man who makes the air blue is capable

of anything.(说下流话)

3) He is the black sheep of the family.(败家子)