2024年3月10日发(作者：)

欧洲文化入门 名词解释51：

1． Pax Romana：In the Roman history，there came two hundred years

of peaceful time，which was guaranteed(保证) by the Roman

legions， it was known as Pax Romana

2． The New Testament名词解释

The Bible was divided into two sections： the Old Testament and the

New Testament. The New Testament is about the doctrine (教义) of Jesus

Christ. The word “Testament” means “agreement”， the agreement between

God and Man.

3．Pentateuch名词解释：The Old Testament consists of 39 books， the

oldest and most important of which are the first five books， called

Pentateuch. Pentateuch contains five books： Genesis (创世记)， Exodus

(出埃及记)， Leviticus(教义记)， Numbers (逃亡记)， Deuteronomy (摩

西遗言记)。

4． Genesis名词解释Genesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch， it

tells about a religious account (描述) of the origin of the Hebrews people，

including the origin of the world and of man， the career (经历) of Issac and

the life of Jacob and his son Joseph.

5．The Historical Books was divided into seven sections：

　　①Books of Joshua ② Books of Judges ③ Books of Samuel ④ Books

of Kings

　　⑤ Books of the Chronicles ⑥ Books of Ezra ⑦ Books of Nehemiah.

6．the Middle ages名词解释

　　In European history， the thousand-year period following the fall of the

Western Roman Empire in the fifth century is called the Middle Ages.

The middle ages is so called because it came between ancient times and

modern times. To be specific (具体说来)， from the 5th century to 15th

century.

The transitional (过渡时期) period is called the middle ages，between

ancient times and modern times.

7. Feudalism名词解释Feudalism in Europe was mainly a system of land

holding (土地所有) — a system of holding land in exchange for military

service (军事力量)。 The word “feudalism” was derived (来源) from the

Latin “feudum”， a grant (许可的) of land.

8. code of chivalry (骑士制度)名词解释

　　As a knight， he were pledged to protect the weak， to fight for the

church， to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These

rules were known as code of chivalry， from which the western idea of good

manners developed.

9．Gothic名词解释① The Gothic style started in France and quickly spread

through all parts of Western Europe.

　　② It lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and， in some

areas， into the 16th. More churches were built in this manner than in any

other style in history.

　　③ The Gothic was an outgrowth (丰富与发展) of the Romanesque.(罗

马式)

10．The Canterbury Tales：

　　① The Canterbury Tales was written by Chaucer.

　　② Chaucer introduced French and Italy writing the English native

alliterative verse.(压头韵)

③ Both Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales are the best representative of the

middle Engli Renaissance名词解释

11． 　文艺复兴Generally speaking， Renaissance refers to the period

between the 14th and mid-17th century. The word “Renaissance” means

revival (复兴)， specifically in this period of history， revival of interest in

ancient Greek and Roman culture. Renaissance， in essence (从实质上讲)，

was a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars

made attempts (试图) to get rid of conservatism (保守主义思想) in feudalist

Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising

bourgeoisie (资产阶级)， to lift the restrictions (禁忌) in all areas placed by

the Roman church authorities.(权利威信)

Generally speaking， Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and

mid-17th century.

Renaissance started in Florence and Venice with the flowering of paintings，

sculpture (雕塑) and architecture. 最早开始于painting

Florence was the golden city which gave girth to a whole generation of

poets， scholars， artists and sculptors (雕塑家)。

12． Renaissance Art名词解释

　　A radical (根本的) break with medieval (中古的) methods of

representing the visible (可见的) world occurred (发生) in Italy during the