2024年1月24日发(作者：)

2014 年同等学力 完型填空讲义

一、考试大纲要求及完型填空考查内容

❖ 本部分共设 10 题，每题 1 分，考试时间为 10 分钟。本部分在一篇难

度适中的短文中设置 10 个空白，每个空白给出 4 个备选答案，要求考生

从所给备选答案中选出一个最佳答案，使短文完整。

完型填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，

对整个文章逻辑联系的理解，在情景中辨析词义的能力以及词组短语搭配的使

用能力，这是大部分考生认为难度最大的考查项目。归根结底，完型填空的题

目就是在基本的语法、词汇考点的基础上，再加上阅读的上下穿梭的逻辑能力，

所以说完型填空考题是以一合三的考法。

❖ 重点考查词汇、逻辑关系

二、考点：

1. 语法题

(1) 语法的 2 个考点

考点一

从句

（重点）

考点二

非谓语动词——动词-ing 形式和-ed 分词

（次重点）

(2) 连词的使用方法 （语法衔接题）

2. 词汇题

(1) 简单的同义词、近义词辨析

(2) 语义的衔接技巧

3. 固定搭配

三、完形填空答题技巧

1. 重视首句，把握开篇

完形填空一般无标题，首句不留空白，是完整的一句。细读此句可以判断文章

体裁，预测全文大意和主旨。读懂首句可以帮助建立正确的思维导向，避免误

入歧途，对理解全文起重要的作用。

2. 阅读全文，掌握大意

速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格，生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去，

不要急于看选项。一遍读不懂可以再迅速读一遍，直到明了大意（who, when,

where, what），掌握梗概，总体把握文章内容，结构，时态，语态变化，情节的

展开，结果的形成，然后答题。

3. 前后照应，灵活答题

（1）择优法

（2）排除法

对于一时难以确定的答案，可按空格位置，从语法结构，上下文意，习惯用法，

词义辨析等方面，对选项逐个分析试填。此时，瞻前顾后”是必要的：即先读所

“

填句，回顾上一句，兼顾下一句。如果一句中有两处填空，要“双管齐下”，在

两处同时试填，然后通读全句，确定答案 。

4．识别短语注意搭配

一类短语是由动词＋介词，或动词＋副词构成，在现代英语中，这类词组很多

而且实用性强、结构简练、使用灵活、表达生动，如 break the ice，look forward

to，keep an eye on，catch one's eye 等；还有一类使用极广的是介词短语，如

with regard to，in a blink of，on everyone's lips，at the age of 等。如果平时能注

意词组、短语的整体记忆，掌握它们的搭配规律，在做完型填空时就能得心应

手，减少失误，提高完型填空的命中率。

5. 运用语法理顺关系

语法知识是指导完型填空的法宝，词汇是根据语法规则确定各自的位置，有了

语法规则文章才能有条不紊、顺理成章。完型填空题实际上是“形断意不断，貌

离神不离”，正如藕断而丝连，语法规则起到“牵动荷花带出藕”的功效。如介词

后的代词必然是宾格；物质名词一般不用复数；形容词必须放在不定代词后；

行为动词的否定和疑问句应由助动词 do 构成；情态动词只能与不带 to 的动词

连用等。

6. 复读全文，验证答案

（1）检查上下文的一致性：即时态、语态的一致，代词、名词、单复数的

一致。

（2）检查表达法的习惯性：即习惯用语、固定搭配、句型词组是否符合习

惯。

（3）检查上下文的连贯性：及凭借语感，按照上下文，检查段落与段落，

句子与句子之间的衔接是否连贯。这是检查中至关重要的一环，往往能纠正一

处甚至多处错误.

四、试题初体验

样卷一

Almost half of UK internet users are going online via mobile phone data connections,

according to the Office for National Statistics (ONS). 45% of people surveyed said they (46)

use of the net while out and about, compared with 31% in 2010. The most rapid growth was (47)

younger people, where 71% of internet-connected 16 t0 24-year-olds used mobiles.

Domestic internet use also rose. According to the ONS, 77% of households now have (48)

to a net connection. That figure was (49) 4% from the previous year, representing the slowest

rate of (50) since the ONS survey began in 2006. The figure for domestic connections

contrasted sharply with the rapid growth in uptake of mobile services.

(51) , the popularity of 3G broadband did not necessarily mean that more people were

going online overall. Many of those using mobile phones are (52) to already have home

broadband connections.

Older users, who the government is particularly keen to get (53) , appeared to (54)

relatively untouched by the phenomenon. While 71% of 16 t0 24-year-old who went (55)

said they used mobile broadband, just 8% of internet users aged over 65 made use of the newer

technology.

(46) A. made B. took C. kept D. sought

(47) A. around B. within C. among D. beyond

(48) A. route B. access C. way D. road

(49) A. on B. up C. of D. in

(50) A. survey B. internet C. mobiles D. growth

(51) A. However

B. Because C. Moreover D. Even if

(52) A. easy B. fast

(53) A. connected B. used to

(54) A. have B. be

(55) A. abroad B. out

C. likely

C. provided

C. being

C. online

D. slow

D. called

D. have been

D. home

(46) A (47) C (48) B (49) B (50) D (51) A (52) C (53) A (54) D(55)C

样卷二

Part IV

Cloze (10 minutes, 10 points)

Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks.

For each blank there are four choices

marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark your answer on the

Answer Sheet.

Scientists say they have found key clues into how long we will live. One of them is a (46)

handshake. British researchers believe a strong grip is not just a sign of confidence bran (47)

of

longevity. Lead author Dr. Rachel Cooper, of University College London, said her study looked

int0 33 different reports on the strength of handshakes. The research(48) more than 50,000

men and women and spanned 40 years. Dr. Cooper concluded that those with weaker

handshakes were 70 per cent more likely to die earlier than those with the strongest handshakes.

She concludes that people with strong grips may have benefited (49) a happy childhood

that included a healthy diet and plenty of exercise.

The new study, (50) in the British Medical Journal, also found other signs of living a

longer life.

These “measures of physical capability” include walking at a faster (51) , getting

out of a chair quickly, and being able to balance on one leg. The study showed that slow walkers

were almost three times (52) to die earlier than those who (53) out of their chairs. .

Dr. Cooper believes there needs to be more (54) into the link between physical capability

and longevity. “Research that helps people to enjoy a long and healthy life is ever more

important to help (55) an ageing population,” she said.

(46) A. firm

B. loose

C. warm

D. friendly

(47) A. evidence

B. indicator

C. advantage

D. opinion

(48) A. included

B. questioned C. examined D. involved

(49) A. of

B. from

C. to D. for

(50) A. disclosed

B. revealed

C. published

D. declared

(51) A. move

B. rate C. ratio D. pace

(52) A. likelier B. likely

C. as likely

D. as alike

(53) A. struggled B. sprang

C. skipped

(54) A. research

B. debate C. argument D. account

(55) A. cater for

B. cater with

C. keep up D. keep out

Part

Ⅳ

（46）A （47）B （48）D （49）B （50）C （51）D （52）A (53)B (54)A (55)A

样卷三

Hollywood propaganda films of the late thirties and early forties can be divided

(46)_____

three general categories: films that praised America, films that

introduced World War allies, and films that (47)

the enemy. Beginning in the

late thirties, Hollywood began producing a (48)

of biography films, all (49)

which glorified the American democratic tradition~ John Ford’s Young Mr.

Lincoln(1939) and John Cromwell’s Abe Lincoln in Illinois (1940) were examples of

Hollywood’s attempt (50)

that American democracy gave everyone a (51)

at

success. In the early forties many Hollywood movies

(52)an introduction to the

American (53) r (1942) and Journey forMargaret(1942)

presented a sympathetic picture of the British people. During the latter part of the

forties, Hollywood was determined to introduce American audiences to the enemy,

and movies like Hitler’s Children (1943) and Behind the Rising Sun (1944) portrayed

German and Japanese brutality. Many of the latter anti-German and anti-Japanese

films have since been criticized (54)____their distorted and simplistic themes that

presented the German and Japanese people (55)

half-mad beasts.

(46) A. into

B. as

C. among

D. upon

(47) A. praised

B. described

C. criticized

D. resembled

(48) A. list

B. series

C. collection

D. glimpse

(49) A. in

B. of

C. on

D.

for

(50) A. proving

B. proved

C. prove

D. to prove

(51) A. chance

B. hope

C. job

D. wish

(52) A. employed

B. took

C. offered

D. showed

(53) A. like

B. as

C. such

D. that

(54) A. in case of

B. on behalf of C. for the sake of

D. because of

(55) A. against

B. for

C. as

D. in

ACBBD ACADC

五、真题演练

2013 年真题

请附上真题及答案，排版后请发回至我的邮箱 *******************

2012 年真题

Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)

Directions: In this part, there is a passage with I5 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices

marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter

with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.

Why do kids hate Brussels sprouts (芽甘蓝')? Because Brussels sprouts are bitter, and kids

generally don't like bitter tastes. But it's not their 61. Researchers say that a dislike for bitter

that way too. On the other hand, and sour is a survival instinct, since most toxic substances _62

sweetness typically indicates that something is

for sweets,

63 to eat, so children are born with a _64

What we like to eat changes over time. As we age, we realize that _65 something tastes

bitter or sour, it won't kill us, and we learn to _66 it. When we're older, we 67 some of our

smell sensitivity. Humans need smell to experience flavor, which is different from taste. With our

senses diminished, we'll probably begin

flavor.

68 sugar and salt to our food, to heighten the

69 , there's a theory that the reason many especially "big"-tasting wines in recent years

to sense. have won awards is that wine critics are getting older and finding subtle flavors _70

If someone is 71 to detect flavors at all, he may have a taste _72 , which can be

73 , The channel that caused by a tongue injury or brain damage. Or it could be a problem with

separates the mouth from the nose allows us to smell behind our nose and is

_74_ enjoying most

complex flavors:. That's why food seems _75 when we have a stuffy nose-except chicken

noodle soup. It’s so salty.

61.

A. Fault B. Choice C. Habit

62. A. Feel B. Look C. Sound

63. A. Strange B. Necessary C. Safe

64. A. Capacity B. Preference C. Awareness

65. A. Now that B. In case C. If only

66. A. Enjoy B. Improve C. Treat

67. A. Form B. Lose C. Reduce

68. A. Putting B. Balancing C. Adding

69. A. In essence B

In conclusion C. In fact

70. A. Softer B. Nicer C. Worse

71. A. Unlikely B. Unable C. Impossible

72. A. Disorder B: symptom C. Therapy

73. A. Mood B. Taste C. Flavor

74. A. Subject to B. Liable to C. Crucial for

75. A. Delicious B. Flavorless C. Bitter

完型答案：

61-65

ADCBD

66-70

ABCCD

BADCB

2011 年真题

请附上真题及答案，排版后请发回至我的邮箱 *******************

2010 年真题

请附上真题及答案，排版后请发回至我的邮箱 *******************

六、模拟练习

Cloze Test

(15 minutes, 10 points)D. Regret

D. Taste

D. Ready

D. Consideration

D. Even though

D. Alter

D. Gain

D. Limiting

D. In short

D. Harder

D. Improbable

D. Illusion

D smell

D. beneficial for

D. Smelly

71-75

Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4

choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER

SHEET with a single line through the center.

Passage one

For years we have believed we were either healthy or sick. __51__, during the mid-90s,

scientists developed a new concept called “sub-health”, a status __52__ health and illness. The

concept of sub-health has become __53__ because it has helped to explain many health

problems. __54__ one study, only 5.6% of people in the overall population are actually sick,

__55__ the sub-healthy group consists of about 60%, and the __56__ population is considered

healthy. __57__ of one’s sub-health will help one to be alert to the underlying disease and

remain healthy. Sub-Health is a state in which the body is __58__ turning from health to

illness or from illness to health. Our bodies are actively __59__ the conditions of health, sub-

health and disease. Factors __60__ aging, internal or external toxicity(毒性), and body or mind

exhaustion may cause sub-health, but taking good care of the body can change a sub-healthy

status to a healthy one.

51. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Meantime

52. A. within B. between C. toward D. beyond

53. A. controversial B. global C. popular D. common

54. A. Thanks to B. Due to C. According to D. Prior to

55. A. since B. though C. for D. whereas

56. A. remaining B. retaining C. relating D. reserving

57. A. Causes B. Awareness C. Doubts D. Treatment

58. A. already B. still C. neither D. either

59. A. choosing B. comparing C. improving D. balancing

60. A. like B. as C. along with D. up to

Passage Two

Colleges in the US have added a new subject,“green chemistry”, to their curriculum (课程)

today. “Green chemistry __51__ how we can develop products that won’t __52__ the

environment,” explains Paul Anastas, director of Yale University’s Center for Green Chemistry

and Green Engineering. It opened at the beginning of this year. The American Chemical Society,

__53__ approves more than 600 college chemistry programs, only lists about a dozen that teach

green chemistry. But that __54__ is growing.

Cambridge College in Massachusetts is offering “an introduction to green chemistry” course

this fall and is offering the nation’s first bachelor’s and master’s __55__ in green chemistry. The

program will have classes in environmental science and even environmental __56__ and policy.

These subjects are not __57__ taught to chemistry majors.

Employers __58__ the introduction of green chemistry. Businesses are increasingly seeking

graduates __59__ backgrounds in the subject because it can help them make or save money in the

development and manufacturing of products. “We need people who can not only understand their

place __60__ , but also understand the worldwide perspective,” said Adam Peterson, a chemicals

division manager at Dow Corning Corp.

51．A．looks on

52．A．injure

53．A．which

54．A．size

55．A．titles

56．A．law

58．A．dislike

59．A．on

60．A．in a row

Passage Three

B．looks in

B．distress

B．that

B．number

B．degrees

B．act

B．ignore

B．in

B．in person

C．looks at

C．wound

C．such

C．amount

C．status

C．bill

C．gradually

C．welcome

C．with

C．in common

D．looks after

D．hurt

D．thus

D．quantity

D．ranks

D．treaty

D．traditionally

D．enjoy

D．from

D．in a chain

57．A．controversially B．eventually

One of the most convenient and cheapest ways to see America is by riding a Greyhound bus.

This interstate bus system connects all major cities in the United States,

connection with cities in Canada and Mexico.

Its network even extends to some of the smaller towns and out-of-the-way communities

53 the great interior of the country. Traveling by bus may 54 longer than flying by plane, but

the terminals are located in the center of most cities and there is 55 to the downtown area.

These buses are comfortable and air-conditioned. They are all equipped with toilets in the rear to

56 the convenience of the passengers, but there are some very severe 57 of conduct which are

strictly enforced. On all buses 58 is forbidden and the consumption of alcoholic drinks is not

allowed.

59 bus travel may not be suited to everyone’s taste, it affords budget travelers the 60

to see America incomfort and safety and at a leisurely unhurried pace.

51．A．giving

52．A．what

53．A．for

54．A．spend

55．A．easy access

56．A．keep up

57．A．terms

58．A．smoking

59．A．As

60．A．money

B．providing

B．which

B．along

B．use

B．fast way

B．result in

B．rules

B．to smoke

B．Whether

B．chance

C．offering

C．who

C．in

C．consume

C．short path

C．add to

C．clauses

C．smoke

C．However

C．time

D．favoring

D．such

D．from

D．take

D．direct approach

D．look after

D．points

D．smoker

D．Although

D．occasion51 people with

frequent and convenient service. The bus system even has an international service

52

makes

Passage Four

German zoologist Randolf Menzel says bees aren’t as busy as people believe they are. “Bees

are not particularly 51 . Instead they sleep a lot and are lazy. They spend 52 80 per cent of the

night sleeping. Even during the day they often fly to the nest

53

they rest their wings,” said

Menzel, a zoologist at the Free University in Berlin, who has studied bees for four decades. But to

54 for their apparent laziness, they are actually very intelligent. They are 55 learners and able to

recognize various smells. Menzel said bees’ learning, like 56 of many animals, was based on a

reward system. “If a bee is rewarded once for something, it remembers it for a week. But if it is

rewarded three times, it will remember it for its

57

lifetime,” said Menzel. He last week was

awarded a 58 by the German Zoological Society. The memory capacity of bees means they can

59

among more than 50 different smells to find the one they want. “What is interesting is that

what smells good to a bee, is also a 60 smell for humans,” said Menzel.

51．A．working hard B．hardworking C．hard working D．working hardly

52．A．as to

53．A．what

54．A．compensate

55．A．rapid

56．A．those

57．A．full

58．A．prize

59．A．discriminate

60．A．sickening

Passage Five

B．as much

B．to which

B．provide

B．swift

B．which

B．integrate

B．praise

B．distinguish

B．pleasant

C．up to

C．in that

C．search

C．speedy

C．that

C．all

C．price

C．divide

C．harsh

D．such as

D．where

D．account

D．quick

D．what

D．entire

D．pride

D．derive

D．graceful

Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005,

appeared in Britain’s Economist magazine last week.

The ambitious 52

uses 54

51 a life quality ranking that

to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle

that wealth is not the only

53

of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries

on incomes，health，unemployment，climate，political stability, job security

equality between men and women as well as what the magazine calls “freedom, family and

community life”.

Despite the bad weather troubled health service，traffic problems, and the high cost of

living，Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points

55

10. That put it well ahead of second-place

Switzerland，which managed 8. 07. Zimbabwe(津巴布韦)，troubled by political insecurity and

hunger, is rated the lowest， 56 only 3. 89 points.

“Although rising incomes and increased individual choices in developed countries are

valued,” the report said，“some of the factors associated with 58

traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.

57

such as the breakdown in

“Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new—the

fourth highest gross domestic product per head in the world in 2005, low

unemployment，political 59 ----with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old，such

as 60 family and community life. ”

51. A. following up B. coming with

52. A. attempt

53. A. reason

54. A. amount

55. A. up to

56. A. missing

57. A. hardly

passively

58. A. modernization

59. A. liberties

campaigns

60. A. sticky

Passage Six

B. static C. steep D. stable

B. civilization

B. activities

C. constitution

C. unions

D. tradition

D.

B. attack

B. volume

B. data

B. out of

B. getting

B. excessively

C. according to

C. attitude

C. measure

C. number

C. off and on

C. keeping

C. highly

D. except for

D. attraction

D. monitor

D. account

D. in about

D. putting

D.

Adult education is the practice of teaching and educating adults．This is often done in the

workplace，or 56 “continuing education” courses at secondary schools, or at a college or

university．

Educating adults differs from educating

experience or interfere with it．

Another important difference is that adults frequently must apply their knowledge in some

60

fashion in order to learn effectively；there must be

a

61

and

a reasonable expectation

that the new knowledge will help them further that goal．One example， 62

1990s，was the spread of computer training courses in

in the

63 adults，most of them office

57 in several ways．One of the most important

58

is that adults have gained knowledge and experience which can

59

add value to a learning

workers，could enroll．These courses would teach basic use of the operating system or specific

application 64

．Because the skills

65

to interact with a PC were so new，many people who

had been working white-collar jobs for ten years or more eventually took such training

courses，either of their own will(to gain computer skills and thus can higher pay)or at the request

of their managers．

56．A．by

57．A．children

58．A．signs

59．A．either

60．A．probable

61．A．plan

62．A．normal

63．A．that

64．A．software

65．A．related

B．from

B．students

B．features

B．neither

B．practical

B．prospect

B．common

B．which

B．hardware

B．designed

C．on

C．workers

C．differences

C．both

C．modern

C．goal

C．regular

C．those

C．technology

C．expected

D．through

D．employees

D．practices

D．so

D．routine

D．possibility

D．profitable

D．whose

D．framework

D．required

【小结】在解答完型填空题目的时候，需要注意以下几点：

1、语义、语法的衔接不是孤立地存在的，具体做题时需要既联系语义、逻

辑，又要注意有无惯用或结构上的固定搭配。

2、选项为实词时，注意其前后有无词汇同现、复现现象，有无形成固定搭

配的可能性。

3、选项为介词时，要看其能否与前后的名词、动词构成习惯搭配。

4、选项为连接词时，主要考查上下文中的逻辑关系，如转折、让步、原因、

结果、比较、对比及递进关系等。做题时需联系上下文，不可孤立地只

看一句话。

5、熟悉常用的逻辑过渡词，注意名词、动词、形容词与介词的固定搭配关

系

6、熟悉常用的语法规则和结构，具体见语词讲义。