2024年3月2日发(作者：thinkpad x13)

Absolute Structure独立主格结构

“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。 虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用。

1) 表示时间

e.g. The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。

=the meeting being over相当于when the meeting was over

e.g. Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。

=her work done相当于when her work was done

2）表示条件

e.g. The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。

=If the condition is favorable

3）表示原因

e.g. There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。

=Since there was no taxis,

e.g. He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。

=as the night was dark and frosty

4）表示伴随情况

e.g. Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。

=Almost all metals are good conductors,and silver is the best of all.

5）表示补充说明

e.g. We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干两个人的活。

【注意】独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。

【独立主格结构的构成】

1. 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词；

e.g. Weather premitting, we will have a picnic tomorrow.

2. 名词(代词)+形容词；

e.g. The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them.

3. 名词(代词)+副词；

e.g. The meeting being over, all of us went home.

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4. There being+名词；

e.g. There being nothing else to do, we went home。

5. 名词(代词)+不定式；

e.g. She proposed a picnic, she herself to pay the railway tickets, and Mary to provide the

food.

6. 名词(代词) +介词短语；

e.g. The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand.

7. It being +名词；

e.g. It being X'mas, the goverment office was closed.

【With的复合结构作独立主格】

表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

● with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

e.g. He stood there, his hand raised.

= He stood there, with his hand raised（rising亦可）.

【使用独立主格四点注意】

1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。

e.g. After class was over (=Class being over), the students soon left the classroom.

2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。

(1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。

e.g. It being Sunday, we went to church. 因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。

(2)在There being＋名词的结构中。

e.g. There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。

3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。

e.g. Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. 史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。

● 比较with的复合结构。

e.g. Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.

4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式 “ ’s ”

e.g. The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。

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