2023年7月25日发(作者：)

一、 单词互译

Potopdymer 感光树脂

Anilox roll 网纹辊

Recrina 复卷

Substrate 承印物

Gravure 凹版印刷

Offeet 胶印

Flexography 承版印刷

Screen printing 丝网印刷

In tine press

Lithography 平版印刷

Reliep printing 凸版印刷

Stack press 层叠式印刷机

Precondition 预处理

Warpage 翘曲变形

Slit 切开

Specimen 样本

Slotted box 开槽箱

Glue tab

Flap 襟翼

Score 压痕

Corrugated fiber board 瓦楞纸板

Linerboard 面纸

Medium 芯纸

Flute 瓦楞

Flute shape 楞形

Flute protile 楞型

Toke-up factor 瓦楞系数

Fourdriner 长网造纸机

Twin-wire machine 夹网造纸机

Cylinder 圆网造纸机

Antsotropic 各向异性

Tencide strength 抗张力强度

Calendering 压

Pigment 颜料

Sizing 施胶

Coating 涂料

Ream 令

Caliper 厚度

Brightness 白度

Alignment 定位

Hygroex pansive 吸湿膨胀性

Tube-style-folding carton 管式折叠纸盒

Tray-style-folding carton 盘式折叠纸盒

Tetra pak 利乐包

Kigid 刚性的

Decolorizer 脱色剂

Inert 惰性

Breakability 易碎性

Blank mold 初型膜

Impurity 杂质

Inorganic 无机的

Soda-lime glass 钠钙玻璃

Borosilicate glass 硼硅酸盐玻璃

Colorant 着色剂

Blow mold 成型模

Parison 吹塑成型

Lob 料滴

Funnd 漏斗

Anneal 退火

Friction lid 摩擦盖

Hinge lid 铰链盖

Thermal praess 热处理

Double seam 二重卷封

Draw-and-iron 变薄拉伸

Collapsible tube 软管

Leakage 渗漏

Expensive pand 膨胀圈

Impact extrusion 冲击抗压

Hermetrc 密封的

Clinch 钩住

Bulge 膨胀

Aerosd 气雾剂

Polymer 聚合物

Thermoplastic 热塑性塑料

Moromer 单体

Resh 树脂

Thermoset plastic 热固性

Cross-link 交联

Biaxial orientation 双向拉伸

Formobility 成型性

Feed hopper 供料漏斗

Profile extrusion 仿型挤出

Stretch 拉伸

Blow-film extrusion 挤出吹型薄膜

Inflate 膨胀

Thermoforming 热成型

Plasticating extruder 塑压挤出机 二、 填空

1、 P33

There are many variations on papermaking machines, each imparting its own character to the

resulting paper. Only three representative classes will be discussed here: fourdrinier, cylinder, and

twin-wire machines.

2、P36

Depositing a fiber-and-water slurry onto a moving wire belt tends to align fibers in the

direction of travel, knows as the machine direction (MD). The direction across the papermaking

machine and across the fiber alignment is the cross direction (CD, Figure 3.7).

3、P47

Corrugated fiberboard, or combined board has two main components: the linerboard and the

medium. Both are made of a special kind of heavy paper called containerboard. Linerboard is the

flat facing that adheres to the medium. The medium is the wavy, fluted paper between the liners

(Figure 4.1).

4、P54

The puncture test measures the energy required to puncture a board with a triangular

pyramidal point affixed to a pendulum arm. “Beach puncture ”(also known as the gated

test ) is used mostly to quanify the puncture resistance and stiffness of triplewall corrugated. The

box maker’s stamp on triplewall containers calls for a puncture test rather than a bursting test.

5、P67

Steel three-piece can be mechanically seamed, bonded with adhesive, welded, or soldered

(Figure 5.3). Aluminum cannot be soldered and cannot be welded economically. Welded sanitary

three-piece can bodies are therefore made exclusively of steel.

6、P68

Can ends intended for thermal processing are stamped with a series of circular expansion

panels (Figure 5.5). This allows for movement of the end panels so that the contents are able to

expand and contract without bulging or otherwise distorting the can.

7、P79

Uneven cooling can develop substantial stresses in the glass. To reduce internal stresses, the

bottle passes through an annealing oven, or “lehr”, immediately after removal from the blow

mold.

7、P83

A polymer is created when a large number of identical repeating monomer units are joined

together to make a single large polymer molecule (from the Greek “polys”, meaning many, and

“meros”, meaning parts ). The “mer” is the smallest repetitive unit in a polymer and for this

discussion is based on the carbon atom.

8、P86

Thermoset plastics are polymers that have not fully completed their polymerization reaction,

but do so when activated, usually by heat. The sesulting product is cross-linked and will not be

softened again by heat; therefore it cannot be reprocessed or reshaped.

9、P87

Polymer resins are received at a molding plant in the form of small granules or pellets,similar

in appearance to rice. Regardless of the forming process，the first task is to heat and melt the

polymer resin pellets into a flowable from. The plasticating extruder is a heavy barrel in which a

screw rotates, driving pellets from the feed hopper at one end to the exit port at the other end.

聚合物树脂在成型车间是小颗粒或片材的形式存在，在外观上与大米相似。无论在形成过程中，首要的任务是加热和将高分子树脂颗粒熔成流动性的形式。塑化挤出机是一个沉重的由螺杆旋转组成的桶，使片材从进料斗的一端进入另一端出来。

10、P132:

In a typical flexographic printing station, excess ink is applied to an engraved transfer or

anilox .The engravings on the anilox roll meter the correct amount of ink ,depending on the

engraving geometry and depth .The ink is transferred to the raised surface of the printing plate

attached to the plate cylinder .

11、P139：

Heat-transfer and hot-stamp printing are similar in that they both use heat to transfer images

from a carrier web to the substrate to be decorated. They are both clean processes since there are

no inks to dry. Both processes require a substrate that is reasonably heat tolerant.

三、 英译汉

1、 P35

Cylinder machines dewater furnish at the cylinder and paste a thin layer of fiber against the

felt (figure 3.4). The fibers of subsequent layers do not intermingle, and therefore the bond

between the layers is week. The dry end is similar to that fourdrinier machine.

圆网造纸机脱水提供气缸和粘贴一层薄薄纤维毛毡（图3.4）。随后的纤维层不交融，因此层与层之间的粘结是一周。这种干燥方式是相似于长网造纸机。

2、P38

If clay-coated paper is passed under highly polished chrome drums that are rotating counter

to the paper or faster than the paper speed, the clay coatings will be polished. These papers are

referred to as machine-glazed or chrome-coated papers.

如果粘土涂覆层经过高度光度，转动与纸运动方向相反的或是转动速度大于纸速的铬滚齿，那么粘土涂层将会变得很光亮。这些纸是用作机械压光纸或是涂铬纸。

3、P49

For instance, in a triple wall board, one layer of medium might be A-flute while the other two

layers may be C-flute. Mixing flute profiles in this way allows designers to manipulate the

compression strength, cushioning strength and total thickness of the combined board. Figure 4.6

shows common flute profiles. 例如，在三瓦楞纸板中，其中一层芯纸是A型瓦楞，然而其他两层也许是C型瓦楞。以这种方式混合楞型可以帮助设计者控制结合板的抗压强度，缓冲强度和总厚度。图4.6表明了普通楞型的特征

4、P51

A corrugating machine is made of a number of operating stations that take the appropriate

linerboards and mediums, shape the flutes, and join the fluted medium to the linerboards.

一个压瓦楞机由一系列的操作台，采取适当面纸和介质，然后成型瓦楞，将瓦楞的芯纸置入面板间。

At the single-facer station (Figure 4.7), medium is preconditioned with heat and steam to

make it pliable and capable of being formed into a fluted configuration.

在单瓦楞机站（图4.7），用热量和蒸汽预处理介质，使其柔软形成一个有凹槽的配置。

5、P68

Sanitary food cans that may be thermally processed have head patterns embossed into the can

sidewalls to improve resistance to collapse because of external pressure. This prevents collapse

(paneling) during pressure differentials is encountered during retorting and enables the can to

withstand an internal vacuum. Sidewall beading requires more material, reduces top-to-bottom

compression strength, and complicates labeling. Many sidewall bead geometries are designed to

maximize hoop strength while minimizing the accompanying problems.

食品卫生罐头可热加工成环筋压印的侧壁，可以提高因外部压力抗压溃能力。这可以防止崩溃（板）在压差过程中遇到干馏使其承受内部真空度。罐身环筋需要更多的材料，减少顶部和底层抗压强度，便于贴标。许多罐身环筋几何形状旨在最大限度地提高压溃强度，同时最大限度地减少附带的问题。

卫生食品可热加工罐侧壁已可以提高抗倒塌，因为外米的压力珠浮雕图案。这可以防止崩溃在压力差（板）干馏过程中遇到的使能承受内部的真空。边墙珠需要更多的材料，减少从高端到低端的压缩强度和复杂标签。许多侧壁珠几何图形，旨在最大限度地提高强度，同时最大限度地减少伴随的问题。

6、P70

The bottom of a D&I can has the same thickness as the starting disk; however, the sidewalls

are considerably reduced in thickness, and the metal area of the final can is greater than that of the

initial disk. Necking operations reduce the diameter of the can top, thereby reducing the end-piece

diameter. This results in significant metal saving, since the end piece is much thicker than the

sidewalls.

变薄拉伸的底部可以用相同厚度作为磁盘的开始;然而，侧壁厚度大大减少，最后金属面积大于原始的磁盘。缩颈操作减少最高能顶的直径，从而降低了最后一片直径。这将导致金属储蓄自最后一块比侧壁较厚。

7、P79

Typical production rates range from 60 to 300 bottles per minute, depending on the number

of section in a machine, the number of gobs being extruded, and the size of the container.

典型的生产速率范围从60到300个瓶子每分钟，这取决于在一台机器一些部分，被挤压的采空区，容器的大小等。 The blown bottle is removed from the blow mold with takeout tongs and placed on a dead

plate to air cool for a few moments before transfer to a conveyor that transports it to the annealing

oven.

用取出夹具把成形瓶从成型模中移出并放置在一个灰暗的盒子里进行自然冷却一段时间，然后再转移到能将其运输到退火炉的传送装置中。

8、P85

A monomer can join to itself to form a complex polymer structure in a number of ways. The

monomer units can simply join into each other to form long chains as in a thermoplastic, or they

can cross-link between the chains in a three-dimensional pattern, resulting in a thermoset plastic.

单体可以在若干步骤后自己连结形成复杂的聚合物的结构。单体单元可以简单地加入到彼此形成长链作为热塑性塑料，也可以在三维图案中链间交联形成热固性塑料。

9、P91:

The extruder section of an injection molding machine must have provision for ejecting a

precise amount , or “ shot, ” of polymer melt into the mold as required .Ram-screw-type

machines use a melt conveyance screw designed to provide reciprocal as well as rotary

motion .combining the function of screw and piston.

注射成型机器的挤出部分必须有或逐出按要求所需的聚合融熔物的精确量或范围。杆式螺旋机使用熔融物传送螺杆提供相互的旋转的运动，将杆及活塞的功能结合在一起。对于注射熔融聚合物其他的机器有独立的活塞模型的内凹处与所需要的形状一致。因而，当冷却后，将模型打开所需部分就被挤出。

10、P135:

Paper for lithographic printing needs to have a certain amount of water resistance since some

water may be transferred from the plate dampening system. Paper stocks also need a strong, clean

surface with good anchorage of surface fiber and clay coatings to resist being picked or pulled

apart by the heavy paste inks as the blanket roll lifts from the substrate surface.

平版印刷纸需要有一定量的的抗水性能，因为一些水可转移板块抑制系统。纸材还需要一个强大的，干净的表面，具有固定的表面纤维和粘土涂料抵制被拖着沉重的浆状油墨除了从基板表面毯辊离开。

四、 段落

1、P48

Flutes come in several standard shapes or flute profiles (A,B,C,E,F,etc.).A-flute was the first

to be developed and is the largest common flute profile. B-flute was next and is much smaller.

C-flute followed and is between A and B in size. E-flute is smaller than B and F-flute is smaller

yet.

瓦楞有几种级别的楞形或楞型（A,B,C,E,F）A型瓦楞是最先被发展的最大普通型楞型。B型次之，比A型小点，C型大小屈于A型与B型之间。E型比B型小点，F型最小。

In addition to these five most common profiles, new flute profiles-both larger and smaller

than those listed here-are being created for more specialized boards. Generally, larger flute profiles

deliver greater vertical compression strength and cushioning. Smaller flute profiles provide

enhanced structural and graphics capabilities for primary (retail) packaging. 除了这五种普通楞型，更大或更小的新型瓦楞可用于制造更多的特殊纸板。总体看来，越大的瓦楞型号能承受更大的垂直抗压强度和缓冲力。越小的瓦楞型号为初级包装提供刚性和可印刷性。

Different flute profiles can be combined in one piece of combined board. For instance, in a

triple wall board, one layer of medium might be A-flute while the other two layers may be C-flute.

Mixing flute profiles in this way allows designers to manipulate the compression strength,

cushioning strength and total thickness of the combined board. Figure 4.6 shows common flute

profiles.

不同的楞型可以结合成同一纸板。例如，在三瓦楞纸板中，其中一层芯纸是A型瓦楞，然而其他两层也许是C型瓦楞。以这种方式混合楞型可以帮助设计者控制结合板的抗压强度，缓冲强度和总厚度。图4.6表明了普通楞型的特征

2、 P53

Edgewise compression test (TAPPI T 811)边压测试

In an edgewise compression test (ECT), a small specimen (2in .×2in.) is placed between

the platens of a compression tester and loaded until failure occurs. [figure 4.9(b)]. Edgewise

compression values are a function of the stiffness contributed by the facings and the medium. ECT

values have a direct relationship to the projected stacking strength.

在边压试验（ECT）中，一个小样品（2英寸×2英寸）被放置在一个压缩测试仪的压盘上，直到发生故障。 [图4.9（b）]。边压值是一个函数所提供的刚度和介质衬片。变压测试的值预计和堆码强度有直接的关系。

One objection to the Mullen burst test is that it has no relationship to a box’s compression

strength, while a number of formulas have been devised that relate ECT values to expected box

compression strength.

对于一个异常的马伦爆破试验，它与箱子的压缩强度没有关系，而与公式中的边压强度值与预计箱子抗压强度相关。

Carrier rule changes allow either Mullen values or ECT values to specify the boards used to

construct a corrugated container. The majority of shippers choose to use ECT values.

运营商习惯改变爆破值或边压强度值用来制造瓦楞纸箱板。大多数托运商选择使用的边压强度值。

Flat crush test (TAPPI T 808)平压强度

The flat crush test is similar to the edge compression test except that the specimen is

compressed in the flat [figure 4.9(c)]. The test provides a measure of flute rigidity.

平压测试是类似于边压强度试验，区别在于样品被压缩在平面上[图4.9（c）]。该测试提供了瓦楞强度的措施。

3、 P68

All three-piece can bodies are pressure tested and have the ends flanged to receive the can top

and bottom ends. The can maker applies one can end and sends the other end to the use for double

seaming after the can is filled.

所有三片式罐身压力测试翻边可以接受顶部和底部的两端。制造商应用一个可以终止并传送到另一端使双缝填满。

Sanitary food cans that may be thermally processed have head patterns embossed into the can

sidewalls to improve resistance to collapse because of external pressure. This prevents collapse (paneling) during pressure differentials is encountered during retorting and enables the can to

withstand an internal vacuum. Sidewall beading requires more material, reduces top-to-bottom

compression strength, and complicates labeling. Many sidewall bead geometries are designed to

maximize hoop strength while minimizing the accompanying problems.

卫生食品可热加工罐侧壁已可以提高抗倒塌，因为外米的压力珠浮雕图案。这可以防止崩溃在压力差（板）干馏过程中遇到的使能承受内部的真空。边墙珠需要更多的材料，减少从高端到低端的压缩强度和复杂标签。许多侧壁珠几何图形，旨在最大限度地 强度，同时最大限度地减少伴随的问题。

Can ends intended for thermal processing are stamped with a series of circular expansion

panels (Figure 5.5). This allows for movement of the end panels so that the contents are able to

expand and contract without bulging or otherwise distorting the can. The chuck panel is designed

to give the proper clearance to the double-seaming chuck used to seal the can end to the body. A

vital can-end component is the compound applied around the perimeter curl. This compound acts

as a caulking sealant when the end is mated and double-seamed to the can body (Figure 5.6 and

Figure 5.7)

罐头端头预计用热处理压了一系列膨胀圆（图5.5）。这让端板移动以便内装物能够扩大和收缩而不膨胀或变形。夹盘板旨在给予适当空隙在双缝夹头中用来密封罐端部分和身体。一个重要罐端部分是围绕卷曲物的化合物。这种化合物作为专用填隙密封胶啮合双缝罐身（图5.6和图5.7）

4、P89

The properties of cast and blown film and sheet can be improved by physically orienting the

polymer molecules .Cast sheet is oriented in the machine direction by being pulled away faster

than it is extruder ,thus stretching it in the machine direction .This is usually accomplished by

passing the cast film through a series of rolls ,each roll rotating progressive faster than the

previous roll .

挤出模和吹胀膜及片材的特性可以通过物理定向聚合物分子来提高，挤出片材在纵向的定向是横向拉伸速度快于其挤出速度来实现的，因而在横向拉伸它，这通常是将挤出模通过一系列滚子而得以完成实现的，每一个滚子转动速度都要比前一个滚子快。

Cross-or transverse-direction orientation is done in a tenter frame .Clips traveling down

diverging tracks grasp the film along each edge and stretch it in the cross direction up to about

seven times its original cast width .Film oriented in two directions is said to have “biaxial

orientation”.

横向定向进行拉伸装置。夹子沿增幅导轨夹住薄膜边缘，拉伸交叉方向到原来的七倍左右宽度。夹子沿增幅导轨夹住薄膜边缘，拉伸交叉方向到原来的七倍左右宽度。薄膜这两个方向被称为具有“双向拉伸”。

Both machine-and cross-direction orienting are done at somewhat elevated temperatures .If

the stretching and cooling processes are rapid ,the film will retain some memory of its original

dimensions .It will want to return to those dimensions if reheated ;in effect ,it will be a “shrink

plastid “.Oriented films are heat-stabilized by keeping them at the elevated temperature (annealing)

for a brief time .

两个机械以及横向定向使温度有所上升。如果快速拉伸和冷却，该薄膜将保留一些原始尺寸。它将要返回的原来的尺寸，如果重新加热效果，这将是一个“收缩薄膜”。定向薄膜热定形短暂的时间内保持他们在高温（退火）。 Blown film is oriented by adjusting the inflation ration and take-away speed relative to the

tube-forming rate .Blown film cannot be oriented to the extent that is available with cast-film

extrusion ,however ,the biaxial orientation of blown film is well balanced .

吹塑薄膜定向调节吹胀比以及牵引比。吹塑薄膜不能定向铸造薄膜挤出的程度，然而，双向拉伸吹塑薄膜是很好的平衡。

5、P132:

In a typical flexographic printing station, excess ink is applied to an engraved transfer or

anilox roll. The engravings on the anilox roll meter the correct amount of ink ,depending on the

engraving geometry and depth .The ink is transferred to the raised surface of the printing plate

attached to the plate cylinder .

在一个典型的柔性版印刷工作站，过量的油墨应用在有雕刻的传输装置和网纹辊。用雕刻网纹辊计量正确的墨水量，这取决于雕刻几何形状和深度。油墨被转移到印版表面提高连接到版筒。

6、P134:

Lithography is a planographic process, meaning that printing and nonprinting areas are all on

the same plane. Unlike the relief plate ,a lithographic pringting plate is fiat and

smooth .Lithographic principles were discovered when a greasy crayon was used to write on a

porous stone .The stone was then soaked with water ,wetting everything except the greased area .

An ink made from oil ,wax ,and lamp-black ,applied to the stone’s surface ,was naturally repelled

by the wetted area ,and adhered to the greasy area.

The mutually exclusive nature of oil and water forms the basis of modern

lithography .Lithographic ink is by definition always oil based .It is a heavy paste and is metered

to the plate cylinder by a train of inking rollers .Another group of rollers applies a thin film of

water to the water-receptive areas .

平版印刷是一种平版的过程，意思是说打印和非打印区域在同一平面上。不同于凸版印刷板，平版印刷板是平的和光滑的。平版印刷的起源是发现了用油脂的粉笔写在有孔的石头上。然后用清水浸泡石头，润湿除油区的一切。沾湿面积自然排斥由油，蜡，黑灯制成的油墨，应用于石头的表面，并粘附与油脂的区域。

利用油和水的相互排斥的性质，在现代平版印刷的基础上。平版印刷油墨始终是油为基础的定义。这是一项沉重的从粘贴和计量到印版滚筒油墨辊。另一组滚子应用于水膜亲水性领域。