及物动词和不及物动词的区分

及物动词和不及物动词的区分


2024年4月28日发(作者:)

和不及物动词的区分

概述

  及物动词 transitive verbs(vt.)

  其实所谓“及物”,就是后面可直接加宾语的动词,有被动形式,而不及物动词是没有被动式的,也

  如see 看见 (vt.) +宾语 I can see a boy.

   及物动词后面可直接接宾语,不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语,一般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上

编辑本段示例

  不及物动词就是一个动作不能施加到另一个物体上,也就是后面不能加宾语。

  例如:He is running. run这个动词就是不及物动词,后面不能加sth。(不能说跑什么东西)

  分清及物不及物动词:

  分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况

a.主要用作及物动词。

  及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主+谓+宾+宾补"结构。

  He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

  Please hand me the book over there.

  They asked me to go fishing with them.

  类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, f

b.主要用作不及物的动词。

  不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于:"主+谓"结构。

  This is the room where I once lived.

  类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive

  He lifted his glass and drank.

  类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植

  play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅

  ring vi.(电话、铃)响vt.打电话 speak vi.讲话 vt. 说(语言)

  hang vi. 悬挂 vt. 绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作

  在英语错误中,“及物动词+介词+宾语”(transitive verb+preposition+object),是常见的一种。所谓

  ①a. We study every day.

  b. Do you study English every day?

  ②a. Please write clearly next time.

  b. Can you write your composition now?

  如果本质上就是不及物动词,就不会有宾语;若要宾语,就要借介词之助,一起连用才行(不及物动

  *③a. The children are listening the music.

  b. The children are listening to the music.

  *④a. She is laughing the crippled man.

  b. She is laughing at the crippled man.

  反之,及物动词不必靠介词,就可以带宾语,如上述的①b和②b ,又如⑤和 ⑥:

  ⑤ John is giving a book to me.

  ⑥ Who will answer this question?

  如果无意中把介词加上,就错了,如:

  *⑦ Who will answer to this question?

  下列这句从房地产广告中看到的句子,也犯了同样的错:

  “We have many buyers awaiting for available units here.”

  “awaiting”是个及物动词,后面的介词“for”是多余的,要去掉;不然把“awaiting”改为“wa

  许多人习惯上喜欢把介词加到及物动词后面,然后才带出宾语。最常见的是“emphasize/stress on

  ⑧ Singaporeans seem to have emphasized on material gains.

  ⑨ In our education system, we stress upon examination results.

  ⑩ World leaders spent a lot of time discussing about worsening economic problems.

  显然的,这三句里的介词“on/upon”和“about”是多余的,不必要的。

编辑本段错误

  ● The young must obey to their elders.

  ● Do not approach to that odd-looking man.

  ● The audience attacked on the rude speaker.

  ● Nothing can escape from his parents' eyes.

  ● Do you hope to serve for your nation?

  ● When did Susan marry with Paul?

  介词“to, on, from, for, with”都要去掉才对。

  为什么会有这些错误呢?主因是分不清楚及物动词和不及物动词的性质。其次,就是对同一个动词及

编辑本段及物动词(vt)与不及物动词(vi)的区别

  及物动词与不及物动词的区别从是否需要宾语来分,实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。

  1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:

  I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议

  “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”

  2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如

  Birds fly.鸟会飞。

  It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三;年六月。

  My watch stopped.我的表停了。

  She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。

  3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词

  a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:

  Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)

  She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作

  When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)

  They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)

  b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:

  Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。

  Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?

  4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况

  a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,

  We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We r

  Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可

  Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)

  b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为„服务。

  Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人

  及物动词后可以加宾语,不及物动词后不可以加宾语!

  如果你想要分得仔细一点就看下面的讲解和例句!!

  (一、) 分清及物不及物:

  分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况

  a.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于:"主+谓+宾";"主+谓+双宾";"主

  He reached Paris the day before yesterday.

  Please hand me the book over there.

  They asked me to go fishing with them.

  类似的还有:buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, f

  b.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与:"主+谓"结构。

  This is the room where I once lived.

  类似的还有:agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive

  c.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义不变。如begin 都是作"开始"讲。everybody

  d.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词,其意义完全不同。

  这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义;而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟

  He lifted his glass and drank.

  类似的还有:beat vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt. 种植

  play vi.玩耍 vt. 打(牌、球),演奏 smell vi.发出(气味) vt. 嗅


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