2024年4月11日发(作者：)

外文原文：

alloy steel

In the ordinary carbon steel on the basis of adding some one or more alloying

elements which constitute the iron-carbon alloy. According to the different elements added,

and take appropriate processing be high-intensity, high toughness, wear

resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, high temperature,

non-magnetic, and other special properties.

Steel is the main alloying elements silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel,

molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, cobalt, aluminum, copper,

boron, such as rare earth. Including vanadium, titanium, niobium, zirconium, such as in

steel is strong carbide forming elements. As long as there is sufficient carbon, under

appropriate conditions, will be able to form their own carbide; When carbon or missing in

the high-temperature conditions, while atomic enter solid solution. Manganese, chromium,

tungsten, molybdenum carbide formation of the elements. Atomic part of the state to enter

solid solution, another part of a replacement alloy cementite; Aluminum, copper, nickel,

cobalt, silicon carbide forming elements is not, to the general state of atoms in solid

solution in existence.

There are many kinds of steel, normally divided into the number of alloy elements in

low alloy steel (content <5%).In steel (in 5% to 10%),high-alloy steel (content> 10%);By

mass into high-quality steel, alloy steel qualities; According to characteristics and uses are

divided into alloy structural steel, stainless steel, acid-proof steel, wear-resistant steel,

heat-resistant steel, alloy tool steel, rolling bearing steel, spring steel and special alloy steel

performance (such as soft magnets, permanent magnet steel, non-magnetic Steel).

In steel, in addition to iron, carbon and a small amount of the inevitable silicon,

manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, also contain a certain amount of alloying elements. Alloy

elements in steel with silicon, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, Ge, alumina, titanium,

niobium, boron, lead, rare earth, and so one or several of them,Steel is the steel that the

steel their resources, the production and use of different conditions and

different. Foreign previous development nickel, steel Ge system, China was found to silicon,

manganese, vanadium, titanium, niobium, boron, lead, rare earth-based steel alloy steel in

the steel system in the total output of about 10 per cent. Generally in the smelting furnace

by the use of the steel can be divided into eight major are: alloy structural

steel, spring steel, bearing steel, alloy tool steel, high speed tool steel, stainless steel,

heat-resistant skin can not afford steel, silicon steel electrician.

Alloy tool steel

The alloy tool steel has a higher degree of hardness, the resistance to wear, better

hardenability, hot rigidity and tempering stable and so on. Thus may make the mold, the

measuring instrument and other tools.

1st, low-alloy tool steel

The low-alloy tool steel is in the ordinary tool steel foundation, joins few alloying

element Cr, Mn, Si, W, V and so on, enhances the steel the hardenability and the

tempering stability, thus enhances the steel the intensity, the resistance to wear and the

hot rigidity. Degree of hardness still maintained above HRC60 after 230 ~ 260 ℃

tempering, thus guaranteed the certain hot rigidity. The commonly used low-alloy tool

steel has 9SiCr, CrWMn and so on.

Low-alloy tool steel heat treatment for , quenching and low tempering. Finally

organizes for the tempered martensite, the alloy carbide and the few remaining austenite.

2nd, high-speed steel

The high-speed steel is one kind of high carbon alloy tool steel, with the high-speed

steel system cutting tool, may carry on the high-speed cutting, has the good hot rigidity.

When the cutting temperature reached as high as 600 ℃ about degree of hardness still

not obviously to drop.

In the high-speed steel includes massive alloying element W, Mo, Cr, V and so on,

enable the steel to have the high degree of hardness and the resistance to wear, higher hot

rigidity, enough intensity and tough and so on. These performance certainly also must be

able to guarantee through the suitable heat treatment.

In the high-speed steel casting condition organization has the thick fish bones shape

alloy carbide, causes the steel the machine capability to reduce, but cannot use the heat

treatment to eliminate, only has the means which uses repeatedly hammers strikes it to

crush, and evenly distributes in the substrate. After high-speed steel forging, must carry

on , the stress-relieving, reduces degree of hardness, will be the later quenching makes in

the organization the preparation.

The high-speed steel only through correct quenching and the tempering can enable

the performance fully to display. The W18Cr4V steel final heat treatment craft curve like

chart shows. A hardening temperature higher goal is causes the massive alloy carbide to

dissolve into in the austenite, by obtains the good red hardness. After high-speed steel

quenching, but also retains part of remaining austenite, a tempering completely eliminates

with difficulty, affects the steel degree of hardness and the resistance to wear, therefore

must pass through the multiple tempering to cause it completely to transform, generally