2024年4月10日发(作者：)

中国民航管制员ICAO英语考试

OPI完整版16套

OPI 1

1. How long have you been working as an air traffic

controller?

你作为一名管制员工作多长时间了？

I have working as an air traffic controller about fourteen years,

I am a Tower controller with this unit.

2. Are you proud of yourself as a controller? Why?

你作为一名管制员感到自豪吗？为什么？

Yes, I am proud. Because I think our work is an honorable

work, we make sure the safety of the people`s life and the

property.

3. Could you give a general introduction of the area/or

airspace under your control?

你能对你指挥下的区域或空间做一个简单的介绍吗？

I`m a tower controller, in my control area,there are three

corridors, one is from BeiJing, two is from ShangHai, three is

from Haerbin.

Let’s talk about missed approach

4. Have you ever controlled a flight which made a missed

approach?

你曾经指挥过做复飞的飞机吗？

Yes,I have controlled，a flight not land on the runway and

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made a missed approach due the runway occupied by

unknown vehicle.

5. What reasons do you think may cause a missed approach?

你认为什么原因能导致一起复飞？

For example:poor visibility,too close to preceding

aircraft,strong cross wind,runway occupied by unknown

vehicle or aircraft,landing gear problem.

6. What help do you think the pilots may need when executing

missed approach?

当执行复飞时，你觉得飞行员都需要什么帮助？

Control the aircraft climb to the safety altitude and the

other aircraft on the runway not departure,control the aircraft

again approach or other situation according to pilot decision.

7. Do you think the standard procedures for missed approach

can provide convenience both for the pilots and controllers?

你觉得标准的复飞程序能提供给飞行员和管制员什么便利？

Yes,the standard procedures for missed approach can make

the pilots and controllers know what situation should missed

approach and convenience controllers and pilots operation.

8. How could a missed approach influence ATC work?

复飞如何影响空管工作？

Missed aproach can make the ATC work more business

than normal situation and influence other aircraft landing and

departure.

9. Do you think it is necessary to make a missed approach for

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flight safety under certain situations?

你认为在某个已确定位置复飞对飞行安全是必要的吗？

Yes,I think it is e if low the certain

situation make a missed approach may cause this aircraft

dangerous.

The following questions are about airmiss

10. Have you ever experienced airmiss in your work? If yes,

please share the story with me; if no, have you heard any of

that?

你曾经在你工作中见过空中危险接近吗？如果见过，请和我分

享这个故事，如果没有，说一说你所听到的？

No.I am not experience,but I have air force aircraft

near the same altitude passenger aircraft low the minimum

safey separation and cause the passenger aircraft change level

and heading to avoid.

11. What reasons may cause an airmiss?

什么原因导致空中危险接近？

Controller instruction mistake,pilot operation

mistake,unknown traffic approach the aircraft,instrument

problem cause emergency descend and other reasons.

12. What are some of the separation limits in your control

unit?

在你的管制单位里，间隔限制都有什么？

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Radar control : the same level 40 kilometers ,same direction

cross 15 kilometers,opposite direction cross 40 kilometres.

Procedure control is 10 minutes.

13. If the separation limits between two aircraft is going to be

exceeded, what will you do?

如果两架飞机小于间隔，你将怎么做？

I should change heading, change altitude, make orbit or

other method to again established the minimum safe

separation.

14. What do you think are some of the consequences of an

airmiss?

你认为危险接近的后果有哪些？

An airmiss may cause this two aircrafts separation low the

minimum safety separation and cause aircraft TCAS alert

or collision with other aircraft on air and it may increase

controllers working pressure.

15. Can you suggest some good ways to avoid or prevent

airmiss effectively?

你能建议一些好办法去避免或阻止危险接近的发生吗？

Controllers instruction must be carefully,correct and

observe other flights and unknown traffic fly direction by

radar. Pilot should repeat and operation correct.

OPI 2

1. Which ATC unit do you work in? 你在那个空管部门工

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作？

I am a Tower controller, I`m work at ShenYang Tower.

2. What’ your position now and what’s the main responsibility

of your position?

现在你在什么岗位？你的岗位最重要的职责是什么？

I am a instructor and I help the new controller progress.

3. Have you ever received some training related to air traffic

control recently? Could you say something about that?

最近你们经常受到和空管有关系的一些培训是什么？你能谈

谈吗？

Yes, I have. I have received the radar simulation training.

Let’s talk about abnormal situations

4. What kind of abnormal situations have you ever

experienced in the past?

过去，什么类型的不正常情况是你经历过的？

Radar failure,communication failure,TCAS and instrument

failure,engine failure,bird strike cause windshield

problem,pressurization failure and decompression.

5. According to your understanding, what are the main

principles when dealing with abnormal situations?

就你的理解，当不正常情况发生时，什么是最主要的准则？

I think we must keep calm when talk with pilot through the

transmitter,make sure unstand the nature of emergency and

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pilot intention,maintain safety separation,give pilot sufficient

time and maximunm support to work on their problem.

6. What personality should an air traffic controller have when

dealing with abnormal or emergency situations?

当不正常情况或紧急情况发生时，作为一名空管员应具备什么

样的品质？

An air traffic controller should talk with pilot keep

calm,support message and information to pilot and have a cool

head when dealing with emergency situation.

7. Do you have standard procedures for abnormal or

emergency situations in your control unit? Could you please

give an example? 在你的管制部门，有标准程序应对不正常

或紧急事件吗？你能给举个例子吗？

Yes,we radar failure we should advise aircraft

radar failure and resume procedure control,establish

procedure separation;report to radar maintance man and

leader;advise other control units radar failure and make the

aircraft wait in their area according to radar failure

procedure.

8. Have you ever had trouble in communicating with foreign

pilots when dealing with abnormal situations? If yes, how

did you overcome the trouble to ensure flight safety?

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当不正常情况发生时，你感觉和国外机组通话有难度吗？如果

是，你怎样战胜困难来确保飞行安全？

Yes,I think have , we do not fully understand foreign pilots

means when they encounter emergency situation because they

speak so fast and not use standard communication

should use standard communication and

frequently study English,listening foreign radio and watching

foreign film improve my English ability.

9. Assume the flight crew report that one passenger onboard

had a heart attack, how do you handle the situation when

you are on duty?

当你值班的时候，机组报告一位乘客的心脏病发作了，你应该

如何处理？

I should according to pilot intention control this flight priority

landing or alternative to the nearest airport ,coordinate

airforce make this flight direct to landing airport to save

time,control other flight avoid and call ambulance wait at

landing airport.

Now, let’s change to the topic related to flow control

10. What reasons may cause flow control?

什么原因能导致流控？

Bad weather for landing airport,airforce traffic,expect so

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many flights into the area in the future time.

11. Do you think it is necessary to impose flow control?

你认为利用流控的原因是什么？

Yes,I think it is flow control can reduce the

controllers pressure,reduce the route congestion and more

safety than no flow control.

12. What consequences does flow control bring to controllers,

airline companies, pilots and passengers respectively?

流控给空管，航空公司，机组和旅客带来的后果分别是什么？

Flow control can reduce the controllers pressure;increase

airline companies cost when waiting for long time at the

airport;increase pilots fly time even over the company rule

time;increase passengers waiting time even not catch up with

the next flight.

13. Who is responsible for making a decision to control traffic

flow?

谁负责做出一个决定来控制交通流量?

The control unit director responsible for decision to control

traffic floe according to the traffic flow expecting system and

report leader whether approved issue the control traffic flow.

14. What factors should be taken into consideration when

making a decision to control traffic flow?

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当做了一个管制流控决定时，什么因素将被考虑？

The control traffic flow time not so long and the distance not so

large otherwise cause many flights delay much time;the

important flights are not restriction.

15. After a long delay on the ground because of flow control,

pilots are likely to be anxious, how do you deal with their

complaints and quarrels on your frequency?

由于流控在地面被延误很长时间后，机长很焦急，你如何在你

的波道里化解他们的抱怨和争吵？

I should keep my head and not quarrel with pilots on my

frequency, I should tell pilots the flow control reason,flow

control information , waiting sequence and estimated

departure time.

OPI 3

1. Do you often communicate with foreign pilots in English? If

yes, do you have any problems in radiotelephony

communication?

你经常与外国飞行员用英语通讯吗？如果是的，你在用无线电

通讯中有什么问题吗？

Yes, I often use English in my work. If they speak so fast and I

am not full understand what they say.

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2. Do you think it is necessary to speak English in

radiotelephony communication with Chinese pilots? Why?

你认为与中国飞行员在无线电通讯中讲英语是必须的吗？为

什么？

No, I don`t think it is necessary. Because it may cause

misunderstand.

3. Do you think speaking English may cause more

communication misunderstanding? Why?

你认为讲英语可能引起更多的通讯误会吗？

Yes, I think so. Because English is not our mother tongue.

Now, let’s talk something about runway incursions.

4. The runway is a critical area for flight safety; do you know

anything about runway incursions?

对于飞行安全，跑道是一个关键区域，你知道任何关于跑道入

侵的事情吗？

The aircraft and vehicle enter the runway are not clearance by

controllers;the aircraft or vehicle cross the wait position of

runway;the aircraft or vehicle cross yhe landing or departure

aircraft.

5. What could cause a runway incursion? 什么能够引起跑

道入侵？

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The pilot and driver are not listen the controllers

instruction;radio communication;forget the aircraft,vehicle or

person on the runway;working condition.

6. What consequences may a runway incursion bring? 跑道

入侵可能带来什么样的后果？

Runway incursion may cause the aircraft collision with other

departure or landing aircraft and vehicle on the runway;may

cause the runway confusion and increase the controller

working and pressure.

7. When the runway is unlawfully occupied, what should a

tower controller do?

当跑道被非法占用的时候，作为一名塔台管制员应该做些什

么？

The tower controller should order the unlaw aircraft or vehicle

immediately vacate the runway and control the landing

aircraft wait until the runway is normal.

8. In order to prevent a runway incursion from happening,

what special rules or regulations should you follow?

为了防止跑道入侵的发生，你必须遵循什么特殊的规则和管

理？

I should watching the aircraft or vehicle moving situation on

runway all time;I should use the standard taxi way to avoid

pilot or driver bring confusion;I should use the standard radio

communication.

9. Have you ever heard of or encountered a runway incursion?

Please tell the story. And what did you learn from the

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incident?

你曾经听过或遇到过跑道入侵吗？请告诉我这个故事，从这次

事故中你能学到什么？

Yes,I have aircraft enter the runway not follow the

controllers instruction and cause the departure aircraft

immediately emergency brake and turn avoid this

this incident I learn that I should watching the

aircraft or vehicle moving situation on runway all time.

The following questions are about fuel dumping

10. Have you ever controlled an aircraft dumping fuel?

你曾经指挥过飞机放油吗？

Yes,I aircraft fly into my area report the NO2

engine failure and request return to Beijing airport but first

must dumping the redundant fuel due to landing weight.

11. Under what conditions does an aircraft need to dump

fuel?

在什么条件下，飞机需要放油？

The aircraft departure a short of time and the pilot decdide to

return to land due to abnormal the aircraft need

dumping redundant fuel due to landinig weight.

12. Could you please describe the fuel dumping procedures in

your airspace?

请你描述在你的空域中飞机放油的过程？

In my airspace we should control the aircraft dumping fuel in

the fuel dumping area,advise pilot route,alitiude and weather

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information about the fuel dumping area and control other

aircraft avoid this aircraft.

13. What information should an air traffic controller relay to

other aircraft flight crews before fuel dumping begins?

在放油开始之前，一名管制员应该提供什么信息给其他的飞行

机组？

Before fuel dumping begings we should advise other aircraft

the fuel duming aircraft ＇s altitude ,fuel dumping area and

estimate dumping fuel begin and over time.

14. How would fuel dumping affect other aircraft near the

fuel dumping area?

飞机放油是怎么样影响放油区的其他飞行器的？

The fuel dumping would affect other pilots sight and influence

flight safe and other aircraft near the fuel dumping area

should change heading and altitude to avoid this aircraft.

15. What help can controllers provide to a flight crew when

they need to dump fuel?

管制员能提供给机组什么帮助，当他们需要放油的时候？

The controllers should provide to the pilot fly heading to the

fuel dumping area ,altitude and weather information about the

fuel dumping area .

OPI 4

1. How long have you been working as an air traffic

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controller?

作为一名空中交通管制员，你已经工作多久了？

I have working as an air traffic controller about fourteen years,

I am a Tower controller with this unit.

2. What is your working position? 你的工作岗位是什么？

I am a instructor and I help the new controller progress.

3. Do you enjoy your job at present? Why?

目前你喜欢你的工作吗？为什么？

Yes, I enjoy my job, Because I like aircraft from my childhood.

Now, let’s talk something about bomb threats.

4. Have you ever controlled an aircraft experiencing a bomb

threat? If not, do you know a story about this?

你曾经指挥过一架飞机经历炸弹威胁吗？如果没有，你知道关

于这方面的故事？

No, I have not controlled. But I heared the bomb threat say

they have received an anonymous call saying there is a bomb

on board and requiring your aircraft to procedure to

HongKong airport.

5. Have you ever received any bomb threat training in a

simulator?

你在模拟机上曾经接受过一些关于炸弹威胁的训练吗？

Yes,I have received the bomb threat training in a simulator.

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6. In your opinion, what are some important pieces of

information you should gather when a bomb threat occurs?

在你的意识里，当炸弹威胁发生时，你最应该收集的重要信息

是什么？

I should know how many people on board,explosion

information, pilot＇s intention and control other aircraft

avoid,provide the nearest airport information to the pilot.

7. If you receive an anonymous call saying there is a hand

bomb on board, what procedures should you follow to handle

the situation?

如果你收到一个匿名电话说，有炸弹在飞机上，你应该用什么

程序来掌控这一事件？

I should according to the bomb threat procedure deal with this

situation .I should advise the pilot bomb on board,know the

pilot intention,control other aircraft avoid , adivse

police,ambulance and fire engine.

8. If the flight with the bomb threat is going to divert to your

airport, how would you handle it?

如果有炸弹威胁的飞机将要备降到你的机场，你应怎么样应

对？

I should control other flights aovid this aircraft and advise the

police, ambulance, fire engine and control this flight stay far

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from other aircraft after landing.

9. When bomb threat occurs, what help can you give the flight

crew to assist them through the emergency?

当炸弹威胁发生时，有哪些帮助是你能给机组提供的，协助他

们渡过危险？

I should satisfy the flight crew＇s request do my best and

according to the pilot intention avoid other aircraft avoid and

priovde the nearest airport to the pilot.

The following questions are about fire on board.

10. Which one do you think is more dangerous, a bomb threat

or a fire on board? Why?

你认为炸弹威胁和机身起火那个更危险？为什么？

I think fire on board is dangerous. Because if the fire not under

control,it may cause passengers are burned or suffocate due to

dense smoke spread all over the cabin even cause aircraft

explode on air.

11. What may cause a fire on board? 能导致机身起火的原

因都有什么？

I think passenger smoke in the toilet,the electrical wire fire and

engine fire may cause a fire on board.

12. If a pilot reports passengers were injured, how would it

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affect your control operation?

如果飞行员报告乘客受伤了，它能影响到你的管制指挥吗？

Yes,it affect my control operation.I should control this flight

priority landing and call ambulance,I should control other

flight give way to this flight.

13. Are there any standard procedures for controllers to

follow for fire on board? If yes, please explain.

管制员对于机身起火有什么标准程序吗？如果有，请解释。

Yes,we have standard procedure for fire on fire

on board , we should know which position on fire,pilot

intention ,control other aircraft avoid,priority land and call

fire engine ,ambulance.

14. If the aircraft with a fire on board lands at your airport

and executes emergency evacuation on the runway in use, what

can you do to help the subsequent flights?

如果机身起火的飞机要在你的机场落地，在可用的跑道上执行

应急操作，你能怎样做来帮助它的后续飞行？

I should advise to the subsequent flights this information and

according to the pilot intention control these flights return,

alternative or wait until the execute emergency evacuation

over.

15. How do you cooperate with other control units when fire

on board happens?

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当机身起火发生时，你如何与其他管制单位协作？

I should advise to other control untis this information, fire

position,the pilot intention and request.

OPI 5

1. When and where did you graduate from the university?

你什么时候从哪所学校毕业的？

I graduated from LiaoNing university at 1999, my major is

computer science.

2. Do you think the knowledge you’ve learned in the university

helped you a lot in your work? Why or why not?

你认为你在大学里所学的知识对你的工作有很大帮助吗？为

什么？

Yes, I think do. Because we learned the basic knowledge by

ATC in the university and it is very important.

3. What suggestions will you give the student controllers who

are at the university?

你给在大学学习管制的学生们什么建议？

If you finish school later, want to become a good controllers,

they need to learn the basic knowledge, English and specialized

training

Now, let’s discuss air miss or near miss.

4. Could you please describe an event of air miss or near miss?

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请你描述一次空中危险接近事件？

An air force aircraft near the same altitude passenger aircraft

low the minimum safey separation and cause the passenger

aircraft change level and heading to avoid.

5. Why is air miss or near miss dangerous?

为什么危险接近危险？

An airmiss may cause this two aircrafts separation low the

minimum safety separation and cause aircraft TCAS alert

or collision with other aircraft on air .

6. What may cause air miss or near miss?

引起空中危险接近的原因是什么？

Controller instruction mistake,pilot operation

mistake,unknown traffic approach the aircraft,instrument

problem cause emergency descend and other reasons.

7. What is the separation minima for radar control or

procedure control in your control area?

在你的管制空域中，雷达管制和程序管制的最小间隔是什么？

Radar control : the same level 40 kilometers ,same direction

cross 15 kilometers,opposite direction cross 40 kilometres.

Procedure control is 10 minutes.

8. When you discover the risk of air miss between two aircraft,

what should you do immediately to avoid near miss?

当你发现两架飞机有小于间隔的危险时，你怎样立即避免空中

危险接近？

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I should immediately control the two aircrafts change

heading, change altitude, make orbit or other method to

again established the minimum safe separation to avoid near

miss.

9. What are your procedures when the separation minima

seem to be exceeded?

当最小间隔看起来要被超越时，你的标准程序是什么？

I should immediately control the two aircrafts change

heading, change level or other method to satisfied the

minimum separation.

Now let’s talk something about hijacking.

10. Have you ever received any simulator training about

hijacking? Do you think it is necessary for controllers to

receive such training?

你曾经经过任何有关于劫机的模拟训练吗？你认为接受这种

训练对于管制员是有必要的吗？

Yes, I have received. Yes, I think it is e we are

not often encounter the hijack,receive the hijacking training on

simulator make sure we know the standard procedure for

hijacking when we encounter the hijacking.

11. When a hijacking occurs, what information should the

controllers need to know?

当劫机发生时，管制员需要知道哪些信息？

The controllers need to know the number of people on

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board,the terrorist number, intention and weapon information,

fuel remaining, pilot intention.

12. If the hijacker wants to divert to other airport, what

information should controllers provide to the flight crew?

如果劫机者想改航去其他机场，管制员需要给机组提供什么信

息？

The controllers should provide to the pilot fly heading , the

divert airport weather information and other information.

13. What help can ATC give to the flight crew in order to

control the situation?

为了控制劫机事件，管制员能给机组提供什么帮助？

ATC can control other flight avoid this flight maintain the safe

separation with this aircraft ,know the pilot intention ,satisfy

the pilot require and give the pilot sufficient time to control the

situation.

14. Do you have standard procedures for dealing with a

hijacking? If yes, what are they?

你们有处理劫机的标准程序吗？如果有，是什么内容？

Yes,we have the standard procedure. When a hijacking occurs

we should know the number of people on board,the terrorist

number, intention and weapon information, fuel remaining,

pilot intention and report this information to leaders,airforce

and other control units and call police,ambulance.

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15. What is the most important thing when dealing with a

hijacking?

当处理劫机时，什么是最重要的事情？

When dealing with a hijacking I think the passenger and the

aircraft safe are the most important thing.

OPI 6

1. Which ATC unit do you work for?

你在哪个管制部门工作？

I am a Tower controller with our unit.

2. How long have you been working in the unit?

你工作已经多长时间了？

I am working in the unit about forteen years.

3. Could you tell us something about your daily work?

你能告诉我们关于你的正常工作的一些事吗？

I daily work is command planes taking off and landing, Ensure

the safety of the aircraft

Now, let’s talk something related to ATC equipment.

4. Could you please describe ATC facilities in your unit?

请你描绘下你工作单位的管制设备？

In my control unit have two radar system include Raytheon

and Alenia, very high frequency system,weather radar, the

computer receive and send message.

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5. What roles do ATC facilities play in your routine job?

在你的日常工作中，管制设备起什么作用？

In my routine job the ATC facikities are very

important ,Radar is like our eye and the very high frequency is

like our ear and mouth.

6. Suppose one day your radar fails suddenly, what will you do

to continue ATC services under this situation?

假设某一天，你的雷达突然死机，在这种情况下，你如何继续

你的管制指挥？

If the radar suddenly fails I should immediately advise the

flights radar failure and resume the non-radar control and

use the procedure control separation,coordinate with other

control units wait the flights in their area and advise radar unit

to maintain.

7. How do you control aircraft without the help of radar?

没有雷达的帮助，你怎样指挥飞机？

Without the help of radar I should use the procedure

separation control need pilot report each point time

and the pilot must report to controller when passing the point

and level is maintain.

8. As a qualified controller, do you think it is important to

know procedure control in case of radar failure?

作为一名合格的管制员，在雷达失效的情况下，你认为最重要

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的是知晓程序吗？

Yes,I think it is very e know the procedure

control can make keep calm and successfully from radar

control change to procedure and maintain safety procedure

separation.

9. Do you think procedure control is more reliable than radar

control? Why?

你认为程序管制是比雷达管制可靠吗？为什么？

No,I do not e the procedure control is not contact

aircraft,it mostly depend on pilot report and controller

calculate but the human mistake is more frequently than

radar.

The following questions are about traffic delays.

10. Do traffic delays often occur in your work? What would

result when delays occur?

在你工作中，航班延误经常发生吗？当延误发生时，会有什么

结果？

Not often delays occur would cause passengers

wait longer time than mormal and easy anxious,cause pilots

working overtime and cause flight later than normal.

11. What are the reasons for traffic delays according to your

own understanding?

就你自己的理解，航班延误的依据是什么？

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In my own understanding I think the number of flight increase

fast , the route are unreasonable,airforce traffic frequently and

the route or airport weather are the most reasons for traffic

delays.

12. No pilot likes delays, what do you think are some effective

ways to make pilots cooperate?

没有机组喜欢延误，你认为哪些有效的办法能使机组配合？

I should keep my head and not quarrel with pilots on my

frequency, I should tell pilots the flow control reason,flow

control information , waiting sequence and estimated

departure time.

13. When a pilot cannot accept delays due to performance or

other reasons, how can controllers help them?

当某个飞行员不能接受延误，由于性能或其他原因，如何能在

管制中帮助他们？

Controllers should coordination with the next unit whether not

delays for this flight,if not approved I should immediately

advise to the pilot the reason and request the pilot intention.

14. Holding is one of the solutions to solve delays. So what

information do you need to know before you decide to give a

holding instruction?

等待是一种解决延误的方案，因此，在你决定给出一个等待指

令前，你需要知道哪些信息？

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I need to know expect holding time and fuel remaining on

board and make left or right orbit to lose time.

15. If you will issue a holding instruction to a flight, what basic

elements do you think should usually be stated in the holding

instruction?

如果你将发布一个等待指令给机组，你认为在等待指令中通常

被规定的基本要素是什么？

I think holding position and altitude, make left or right orbit,

expect holding time usually be stated in the holding

instruction.

OPI 7

1. When did you graduate from the university and what was

your major at the university?

你什么时候大学毕业的？你在学校时学的是什么专业？

I graduated from LiaoNing university at 1999, my major is

computer science.

2. Do you think the knowledge you learned in the university

helps you a lot in your work?

你认为你在学校里学习的知识对你的工作有大的帮助吗？

Yes, I think do. Because we learned the basic knowledge by

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ATC in the university and it is very important.

3. Do you enjoy your present job?

你满意你现在的工作吗？

Yes, I enjoy my job, Because I like aircraft from my childhood.

Now let’s talk about bad weather.

4. Could you list some types of bad weather such as severe

turbulence?

你能列举出一些危险天气吗？例如严重颠簸。

For example:windshear,thunderstorm,snow,low

visibility,turbulence,ice on air,lighting and so on.

5. Where do you get information about bad weather in your

airspace?

在你的空域中，你从哪里得到关于坏天气的信息？

In my airspace I get the bad weather information from the

weather radar, observe in sight ,pilot report and advise from

weather unit.

6. What problems could bad weather bring to your work?

坏天气将给你的工作带来什么问题？

Bad weather make our work more busy,difficulty than normal

and work pressure weather cause aircrafts

change heading to avoid and make aircrafts return or

alternative.

7. Have you ever experienced any extremely bad weather while

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you were on duty? Please say something about it.

当你值班时，你经历过任何极端恶劣的天气吗？请讲一讲关于

这件事吧。

Yes,I have rain with lighting,route and

airport covered by thunderstorm , aircrafts must change

heading to avoid this weather and the landing aircrafts return

or alternative due to the airport covered by thunderstorm.

8. Do you know how weather trends can influence air traffic

control?

你知道怎样的天气趋势能影响空中交通管制吗？

I think snowing last several time and the runway covered by

snow;the raining from light change to heavy with lighting;the

visibility get worse and lower the standard can influence air

traffic control.

9. What suggestions will you give to the pilots who would likely

be affected by bad weather conditions?

你能给受恶劣天气影响的飞行员们什么建议吗？

I should advise pilot weather trend, alternative airport weather

condition,advise pilot attention to fuel remaining,provide circle

suggestion to pilot according to other pilot report weather

trend.

10. What factors should you consider for aircraft if the

weather is getting worse in your airspace?

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如果天气变坏在你的空域里，你应该考虑哪些因素对飞机的影

响？

I should consider the weather trend whether satisfy the

aircraft lowest standard.I should consider the alternative

airport weather condition and fuel remaining on board.

The following questions are about fuel.

11. What do you know about LOW FUEL? What should you

do if the pilot declares low fuel in your airspace?

你知道最低油量吗？如果飞行员在你的空域里证实低油量，你

将如何做？

Yes,I low fuel is endurance the most 30minutes when

reaching above airport.I should control this flight priority

landing or alternative to the nearest airport when the pilot

declares low fuel.

12. What is the difference between LOW FUEL and

MINIMUM FUEL?

低油量和最小油量有何不同？

The low fuel endurance 30minutes and the minimum fuel

endurance less than 30minutes so minimum fuel is more

dangerous than low fuel.

13. What should you pay attention to when the pilot declares

MINIMUM FUEL?

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当机组报告最小油量时，你将注意哪些？

I should attention to endurance with the remaining fuel and

pilot intention, control the flight fly the shortest distance to the

landing airport and priority landing.

14. What help can you give to the flight crew to ensure the

safety of flight?

你给机组什么帮助能确认飞行安全？

I should control the flight fly the shortest distance to the

landing airport and control other flights avoid this aircraft

make sure it priority landing.

15. Why is the fuel quantity of the flight which declares

MINIMUM FUEL checked after landing?

宣布最低油量的航班在落地后为什么要检查油量？

Because they want to know what reason cause declares

minimum

problem.

OPI 8

1. How long have you been working as a controller?

作为管制员，你工作多长时间了？

I have working as an air traffic controller about fourteen years,

I am a Tower controller with this unit.

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fuel:dispatch calculate mistake,route

weather,aircraft instrument problem or controller instruction

2. Could you tell some advantages or disadvantages of your

job?

你能告诉我一些有利或有害的关于你的工作？

Advantages make so many flight and people safety on air and

so proude. Disadvantges big pressure, sit up usually.

3. How do you keep your ATC knowledge up-to-date?

你怎样保持你的管制知识是最新的？

Learn the advanced knowledge from other control units and

other countrys usually. and read about aviation book usually.

Now let’s talk about marginal weather.

4. Can you explain marginal weather to us?

你能给我们解释下边缘天气吗？

The marginal weather is the weather condition maintain the

lowest standard for aircraft to land or getting worse.

5. What hazards may marginal weather bring to flight safety?

边缘天气给飞行安全带来什么危险？

The marginal weather may cause the landing condition is the

minimum standard for aircraft to land and it more dangerous

for aircraft to land than normal weather.

6. Do you know a pilot who has risked to flying in under

marginal weather?

你知道飞行员在边缘天气下飞行是冒险吗？

Yes,I know it is pilot flying in the marginal weather is

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more dangerous than under the normal weather and the pilot

should change heading to avoid the marginal weather.

7. Can you refuse the pilot’s request of operating an aircraft in

marginal weather? Why?

你能拒绝机组在危险天气下驾驶航空器飞行吗？为什么？

I want to refuse the pilots request but the pilot have the final

decision right. But I should advise the pilot attention to

marginal weather and fly safety with responsibility for

yourself.

8. Can you give some suggestions to the pilots landing in

marginal weather?

你能给在危险天气里落地的机组一些建议吗？

I should provide to pilots the landing airport weather

condition and the alternative airport weather condition and

weather trends according to other pilots repote.

9. For operations in marginal weather, are there any different

requirements for Terminal controllers and Area controllers?

对于危险天气里的操作，机场管制员和区域管制员有什么不同

要求？

In marginal weather, the terminal controllers decide the

weather condition whether satisfy landing for aircraft and

whether continue approach,return or area

controllers control flights avoid the marginal and advise to

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pilots the terminal controllers suggestion.

The following questions are about minimum safe altitude.

10. Can you tell me your understanding about minimum safe

altitudes?

你能告诉我，你理解的最低安全高度？

The minimum safe altitudes is the minimum vertical

separation between aircraft and obstacle and the aircraft must

fly above minimum safe altitude.

11. What might happen if the minimum safe altitude is

exceeded?

如果最低安全高度被突破能发生什么？

If the minimum safe altitude is exceeded tha aircraft fly maybe

dangerous even collision with the obstacle.

12. Do you have any means of ensuring that aircraft do not

exceed the minimum safety altitude?

你有什么建议关于确认飞行员没有超过最低安全高度？

Yes ,I have.I should know the route minimum safe altitude and

use radar watching the aircraft fly altitude if it exceed the

minimum saft altitude I must advise the pilot and control the

aircraft climb above the minimum safe altitude.

13. What will you do if the aircraft under your control flies

below the minimum safety altitude?

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