2024年4月2日发(作者：)

练习22 语法填空＋阅读理解

Ⅰ.语法填空

2020·浙江省绍兴市诊断性考试 说明文 212词 ★★☆☆☆

The Amazon rainforest is key to the health of the entire planet. It is the largest rainforest in the

world, __1__ (rough) half the size of the United States. Statistics show that nearly 20% of the

oxygen __2__ (produce) by the Earth's land comes from the Amazon rainforest. It also puts an

enormous amount of water into the atmosphere at a time __3__ cities are drying up. The Amazon

rainforest is sucking in greenhouse gases while slowing the rising temperatures. __4__ it's now

burning at a record rate—with images from space __5__ (show) the smoke covering much of Brazil.

It's not the only major forest in danger. Nearly half of the world's forests that __6__ (stand)

when humans started farming are now gone. The chief reason is the expansion __7__ agriculture into

forested areas. In Brazil it's cattle ranching, soy production and logging, according to Nigel Sizer,

tropical forest ecologist. “It is responsible for 80% to 90% of __8__ loss of tropical forests around

the world.”Environmental groups say these activities can __9__ (reduce) in a much more

sustainable way.

However, you can help reforest parts of the world through the Rainforest Trust and the

Rainforest Alliance. The Rainforest Trust allows you to restrict your donations to a specific project.

The Rainforest Alliance says 100% of your __10__ (contribute) will help stop deforestation in Brazil

right now.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

2020·河北衡水中学联考 说明文 335词 ★★★☆☆

The world's first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began

carrying passengers Monday in Germany's northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run

100-kilometer trips and can travel up to 140 kilometers an hour.

A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Teams in Germany and France

cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model,

called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away

from pollution-producing diesel (柴油)-powered trains.

The Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise. It

uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system

produces more energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The

only emissions (排放物) are water and steam.

A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1,000 kilometers. This is very

similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a single tank.

Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel-powered trains to build. But Alstom officials

say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint

trains to Lower Saxony by 2021.

The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing diesel-powered

trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning

technologies to reach climate protection goals.

Officials say the area's many wind turbines (涡轮机) will produce part of the energy to create

the hydrogen to power the trains.

Alstom says several other European countries have also expressed interest in developing

hydrogen-powered train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be

operating by 2022.

1．Why did Germany build the new trains?

A．To replace diesel-powered trains. B．To carry more passengers.

C．To make traveling much easier. D．To develop friendship with France.

2．What is one advantage of the Coradia iLint?

A．It runs without making any noise. B．It doesn't use electrical power.

C．It costs much less to run. D．It is cheaper to make it.

3．It can be concluded that hydrogen-powered trains ________.

A．are widely used B．are environmentally friendly

C．can stop air pollution D．can produce water and oxygen

4．What might be the best title for the text?

A．Saving Natural Resources B．Efforts to Reduce Emissions

C．World's First Hydrogen-powered Trains D．A New Way to Make Electricity

B

2020·东北师范大学附中摸底考试 说明文 328词 ★★☆☆☆

As we all know, most animals only perform tricks when given treats. However, Kim, the

world's first spider to learn a skill, needs no stimulus (刺激) to do what she loves—jumping to

different heights and distances—upon the instruction of a team of scientists from the University of

Manchester.

While the idea of training a spider might sound evil, the researchers' motives were purely

scientific. They are trying to unlock the secrets behind the jumping spiders' extraordinarily high

leaps to catch prey (猎物) or to escape their enemies. A better understanding of the spiders' leaps

would help experts develop more efficient flying and jumping robots.

The scientists found that Kim could gather enough force in her legs to jump more than six times

the length of her own body from a stationary position. What was even more amazing was that she

always landed perfectly. For shorter distances, Kim used a lot of energy, resulting in quick leaps,

which the researchers believe probably increases her chances of catching fast-moving prey. The

farther the distance was, the less extra energy was used, resulting in slower but precise leaps.

Previous studies have indicated that spiders use both their muscles and hydraulic (液压的)

pressure—a mechanism by which blood is transferred to their extended legs—to make them push off

the ground. However, in Kim's case, her leg muscles alone appeared to be generating enough force

for the lift-off. The researchers now intend to do further research to comprehend fully not just the

spiders' jumping technique, but that of other insects as well. “We are familiar with robots that are

aimed at taking over human functions, but there are millions of insects in the world that perform

specific functions that we have interest in and can be adapted for robotics，” says Nabawy, the

leading engineer of the researching team.

5．What is the purpose of scientists' researching the jumping spiders?

A．To have fun and relax. B．To help develop robots.

C．To get rid of spiders. D．To protect this species.

6．Why did Kim use a lot of energy for short leaps?

A．To jump high enough. B．To land more precisely.

C．To catch fast-moving prey. D．To increase chances of escape.

7．What does the underlined word “that” in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Jumping technique. B．Leg muscles.

C．Further research. D．Energy for lift-off.

8．What can be a suitable title for this passage?

A．Jumping Techniques Used by Jumping Spiders B．Jumping Spiders Inspired Developing

Robots

C．Animals Perform Tricks if Provided With Treats D．The World's First Spider That Jumps

on Demand

黄金考点

短文改错——时态

考点43 时态与上下文不一致错误

考例

点拨

考点44

考例

Actually, I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]

根据时间状语从句when I was seven years old可知，此处是在叙述过去的

事情，应用一般过去时，故把start改成started。

并列成分不一致错误

The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up！” “Slow down！”

“Turning left！” [2017·全国卷Ⅰ]

点拨

根据前面教练发出的两个指令可知，这三个短句属于并列结构，都是祈

使句，谓语动词用原形，所以将Turning改成Turn，跟前面的Speed和

Slow一致。

练习22 语法填空＋阅读理解

Ⅰ.语法填空

【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚马孙热带雨林对地球的影响和作用。

1．答案与解析：(副词)roughly 结合句意可知，亚马孙热带雨林是世界上最大的热带雨

林，大约是美国国土面积的一半。此处修饰限定词，应用副词形式，故填roughly“大约”。

2．答案与解析：(非谓语动词)produced 空处作后置定语修饰the oxygen，空处的逻辑主

语the oxygen与produce之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用动词的-ed形式。

3．答案与解析：(定语从句)when 它还在城市逐渐干涸的时候向大气中释放大量的水。

空处引导定语从句，先行词是a time，空处在从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。

4．答案与解析：(并列连词)But 上文叙述了亚马孙热带雨林的重要性，此处说“它现在

正以创纪录的速度燃烧着”，上下文构成转折关系，故填But。

5．答案与解析：(非谓语动词)showing 结合句式结构可知，此处为with的复合结构，宾

语images与动词show构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故填showing作宾补。

6．答案与解析：(动词的时态)stood 人类开始农耕时世界上曾经存在的森林几乎有一半

现在消失了。根据started可知，空处也应该是过去式，故填stood。

7．答案与解析：(介词)of 主要原因是农业向森林地区的扩展。of可用于动作名词后以

说明此动作的受影响者或执行者。

8．答案与解析：(冠词)the 根据下文中的tropical forests可知，此处loss前应有限定词，

表示特指，故填the。

9．答案与解析：(动词的被动语态)be reduced 环保组织表示，这些活动可以以一种更加

可持续的方式被放缓。these activities与reduce之间为被动关系，同时空处又在情态动词can

之后，故填be reduced。

10．答案与解析：(名词)contribution(s) 根据your可知，其后需要接名词，由此填contribute

的名词形式contribution(s)。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特

点。低噪音无污染的特点使它有可能逐步替代传统的柴油火车。

1．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的signals the beginning of efforts

in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel-powered trains可知，

建造新型火车的目的是代替以柴油为动力的火车，从而降低污染。故A项正确。

2．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，氢动力火车的运行成本比较

低，故C项正确。

3．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The only emissions are water and

steam.”和第六段最后一句中的using clean- buring technologies to reach climate protection goals

可知，氢动力火车的排放物只有水和蒸汽，并且此举可以达到保护环境的目标，所以它是环

保的。故B项正确。

4．答案与解析：C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一句可知，本文主要介绍的是世界首批氢

动力火车。故C项正确。

B

【语篇解读】 本文是一篇科技类的说明文。研究人员对跳蛛进行了研究，发现它们对

于不同的距离会利用不同的策略进行跳跃。科学家们希望研究跳蛛的跳跃方式对研究机器人

有所帮助。

5．答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，科学家们研究跳蛛跳跃能

力的目的在于帮助开发更高效的飞行和跳跃机器人。故选B项。

6．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“For shorter distances, Kim used a lot of

energy, resulting in quick leaps, which the researchers believe probably increases her chances of

catching fast-moving prey.”可知，金用大量的能量进行短距离跳跃是为了捕捉快速移动的猎

物。故选C项。

7．答案与解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句The researchers now intend to do further

research to comprehend fully not just the spiders' jumping technique可知，此处应表示研究人员不

仅要全面了解跳蛛的跳跃技术，还要了解其他昆虫的跳跃技术，因此此处的that指代jumping

technique。故选A项。

8．答案与解析：B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了研究人员对跳蛛进行了研

究，发现它们对于不同的距离会利用不同的策略进行跳跃。科学家们希望研究跳蛛的跳跃方

式对研发机器人有所帮助。由此可知“跳蛛启发研制机器人”适合作本文标题。故选B项。