2024年3月9日发(作者：)

第一章 美式英语发音规则概要

As a result of reduction made to stressed syllables, most vowels in these syllables are pronounced

as the schwa, //, as in, condition or available. This vowel is represented by a symbol that looks

like an upside-down e. This is a symbol of the International Phonetic Alphabet （IPA）. The schwa

is the shortest and most simple sound in English speech, and it is the most frequently used sound.

Other vowels used often in unstressed syllables are the vowel //, as in citizen, and // an in

other.

（由于在重音发音过程中一些音节的发音被减弱， 许多元音在发音时变成了中元音，如condition和

available两个单词中的//音。//音是国际音标（IPA）中的一个，很像倒过来写的字母e。中元音是

英语中最短最简单的一个音，但也是最常见的一个音。另外，还有一些非重读音节中的元音，如citizen

中的//音，及其他词中的//音。）

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At the Word Level （词的发音）

Within a word, pitch rises to its highest level on the syllable with primary stress. From there it

falls, or rises more. This inflection in pitch is made as a step, or as a glide. Following are

examples：

（在单词中，音调升至重音音节的位置，然后开始下降，或者继续升高。这种音调的变化分为阶音

型和滑音型，如下例：）

 STEP INFLECTION-Pitch steps from the stressed syllable onto an unstressed syllable.

Listen to example spoken with a falling inflection.

（阶音型变化—音调由重音转为非重音。如以下列举的单词均以降调发音。）

simple amazing accurate impossible

Now listen to the same words spoken with rising inflection.

（再看看如何以升调来读以上几个

单词。）

simple amazing accurate impossible

GLIDING INFLECTION-Pitch gliders on the syllable with primary stress when the word

consists of one syllable, or when that syllable ends a word. Listen to examples with falling

inflection：

（滑音型变化—当单词仅由一个音节构成时，或单词词尾为重音时，单词发音为滑音型音调变化。

如下列各词以降调发音为：）

now agreed guaranteed

Now listen to the same words with a rising inflection.

（再看看如何以升调读以上同样的音调。）

now agreed guaranteed

Repeat the following words using a falling inflection：

（试用降调跟读下列各词：）

money correct expensive animal

never enough forever customer

open today tomorrow manager

application responsibility qualification

obligation

demonstration

Repeat the following using a rising inflection：

（试用升调跟读下列各词：）

never today forever

obligation responsibility qualification

实 词

例词

名词 person place thing

动词 go run think

形容词 good bad alright

副词 very almost quite

BEYOND THE WORD LEVEL （短语和句子的发音）

In phrases or in sentences, only certain words are normally given stress. These are the words

classified as content words, because they contain most of the information in a message.

（在短语或句子当中，通常只有部分词语为重读。这些词多为实词，因为它们包含了所传信息的内容。）

虚 词

例词

冠词 a, an, the, any, some

动词（助动词） is, are, am, do, does, did

连词 and, but, if, or

情态动词 can, will, could, should, would

介词 in, on, of, into, about, with

Content words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs-words that are normally not stressed are

classified as function words.

（实词为名词、动词、形容词和副词。那些非重读的词被归为虚词。）

Function words serve more to provide the grammar structure that connects content words into

phrases and sentences. Function words include articles, conjunctions, pronouns, and prepositions.

（虚词的作用是按照语法结构规则将各个实词组成短语或句子。虚词包括冠词、连词、代词和介词。）

Listen to the following sentence：

（听以下例句：）

（实词） （虚词）

The TIME is NOW. TIME NOW the, is

As you can see, content words can carry the meaning in a message. Listen to another example：

（由此可见，实词往往包含一定的信息内容。再听另一例：）

（实词） （虚词）

WHERE are ALL the PEOple? WERE ALL PEOPLE are, the

Are function words used in your native language? If they are not, you may have difficulty

applying them in your English speech. You may also have difficulty hearing some function words

as they are spoken in English, because they are normally reduced, and are thereby spoken quickly.

（在你的母语中存在虚词吗？如果没有的话，那你在英语中运用虚词也许会有一点困难。另外，在听

的过程中，由于这些虚词往往被弱读，且读得快，所以很难被听出来。）

THE PURPOSE OF FALLING AND RISING INFLECTION （降调和升调的作用）

Final inflection, which is the pitch change at the end of an utterance, has underlying meaning.

Generally, in connected speech a fall in pitch indicates that the speaker has finished a thought,

while a rise in pitch indicates that the speaker intends to continue on the thought. Listen to

examples：

（句尾语音变化，即一句话结束时的音调变化，包含着一定的意义。一般来说，如果句尾为降调时，

意味着说话者已表达完了一个思想内容。如果句尾读出升调，那就意味着说话者还将就此内容发表观

点，让我们看看以下例句：）

I know what you mean.（降调）

I know what you mean, but I don’t agree.（升调）