2024年1月19日发(作者：)

传译/转移transferral/transfer

误解misunderstanding

误译mis-translation

异化foreignization/alienation/exoticization/ exogenization/source-oriented translation

归化domestication/naturalization/adaptation/endogenization/target-accommodating

translation

词汇空缺lexical gap

文化沟(空缺/非对应)cultural gap

直译literal translation/direct translation

意译free translation/liberal translation/semantic translation

直译派a literalist/a sourcerer

意译派a free-hander/a targeteer

重复法repetition

增译法/增词法/增译amplification/addition

减译法/减词法/省略法/省译omission

词类转移法/词性转换conversion

反译法/正反译法/反正译法negation

移植法transplant(ing)/transplantation

音译法transliteration

具体化specification

概括化generalization

抽象化abstracting

明析化explicitation

译借(语义转借)calque(loan translation)

加注法annotation

夹注intratextual note

脚注footnote

尾注/文后注endnote

注释性翻译annotated/commented translation

释义法/解释法explanation/paraphrase

引申法extension

替代法substitution/replacement

借用borrowing

推演法deduction

缀合法combination

分译法division

逆序法/倒置法reversing

合译法combination

综合法mixture of methods

包孕embedding

切断/分切cutting

拆离splitting-off

插入inserting

重组recasting

回译back translation

复原法 finding out the original

原汁原味essence of the original, original flavor

词序调整inversion

选词diction

补偿compensation

视点转换shift of perspective

套译/仿译/仿拟imitation

信/忠实faithfulness/fidelity

达/易懂intelligibility/expressiveness

通顺smoothness

流畅fluency

自然naturalness /idiomaticity

雅/优美elegance/gracefulness

简洁brevity

明析clarity

简明conciseness

内涵connotation

含义implication

言外之意allocution

本文意义(文本固有之意)inherent meaning (of the text)

译者隐形translator’s invisibility

透明(度)transparency

宁信而不顺(鲁迅语) rahter to be faithful than smooth (“I’d rather be faithful than

smooth〞)

神似(傅雷语) spiritual resemblance

化境(sublimation

信、达、切(刘重德语)faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (to the original style)

三美: 音美,形美,意美(许渊冲语)the three beauties: beauty in sound, beauty in form and

beauty in meaning

东方语言Oriental languages

西方语言Occidental languages

佛经Buddhist Scriptures/sutra

梵语Sanskrit

鸠摩罗什Kumarajiva

泰特勒(Alexander Fraser )Tytler

奈达(Eugene A.) Nida

机器翻译machine translation(MT)

人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)

翻译translate, render, rephrase, reword, transmit, re-express, transmute, transmogrify,

interpret, convert, transform, transpose, express, transfer, turn

翻译学translatology/Translation Studies

翻译体/翻译腔translationese

死译/硬译mechanical translation

逐字译word-for-word translation/word-to-word substitution/verbatim translation

乱译/胡译excessively free translation

歪译(意义扭曲)distortion

惯用法usage

搭配collocation

约定俗成convention

形合hypotaxis

意合parataxis