2024年1月12日发(作者：)

吉林省经济管理干部学院

吉林经济职业技术学院

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本课为7学时，课文A及练习4学时，课文B、语法、应用文写作2学时,听力1学时。

1. 导入：通过我国贸易现状介绍引入话题，并练习相关学习过的句型。

2. 讲解对话中的重点词语、短语和句型，并伴有提问、解答、讨论、小节。

3. 根据文章中的重点句型，创设情景展开对话，要求与实际生活相结合。

4. 总结归纳文章的重点、难点。

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Unit Five Trade

Ⅰ. Aims and Requirements

In "Reading A", master the new words and expressions about international

trade

In "Writing", learn and practice how to write a memo.

In “Mini-project”, learn to how to sell something with appropriate

promotion methods to your classmates in English.

In “Listening and Speaking”, to be able to negotiate about price in English.

Ⅰ) Language Focus

1. Communicative Focus

⑴. This unit we will learn how to negotiate about price.

⑵. Be able to understand the international trade and discuss it with partners.

A memo is a document designed to be read quickly and passed along rapidly,

often within a company or work group. It should be brief, clear and accurate.

2. Focal Words and Expressions

alternative, process, profit, consumer, benefit, principle, legal, incline,

exchange, participate, regardless of, better off, make sense, work force.

3. Focal Functions ＆ Patterns

⑴ The reason people trade, regardless of where they live, is that they believe

they will be better off by trading.

⑵The process of importing and exporting creates a greater variety of goods

and services because it permits countries to specialize in what they do

best.

⑶The benefits of trade can be explained using the economic principles of

absolute and comparative advantage.

⑷If we stopped here, we might be inclined to say that the lawyer should

produce both, because the lawyer is better at both.

⑸Likewise, international trade is a win-win situation for all countries that

participate.

Ⅱ) Skills Development

Be able to read the text frequently and master the contents correctly.

Be able to write a memo and a poster.

Be able to negotiate about price in English.

Be able to grasp useful words, expressions and language points.

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布置口头Ⅱ. Teaching Time Allocation

因此，“国际贸易”(International Trade)与“对外贸易”(Foreign Trade或External

5.

及书面作The explanation of passage A 2 period

Trade)并无本质上的区别，只是着眼点不同而已。业。

The exercises of passage A 2 period

International trade, also known as world trade, foreign trade or overseas trade,

Applied Writing

exchange

1 period

is the fair and deliberate of goods and services across national

Grammar 1 period

boundaries. It concerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the

Listening Comprehension 1 period

purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.

Ⅲ. Important and Difficult Points

国际贸易，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易，是一种平等的、有意 Ⅰ)Important Points :

识的、跨国界的商品和服务的交换行为。它涉及进口业务和出口业务，包括1. Word Usage

有形商品和无形商品的交易。

2. Notes to Passages

)Difficult Points: Ⅱiv. Words Usage

1. Reading B

1. regardless adj. 不顾的, 不注意的

2. Applied Writing

e.g. He is regardless of the result. 他不顾虑结果。

3. Mini-project

She is determined to do regardless of all consequences.

4. Grammar

她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。

Ⅳ. Teaching Points

不顾

i.

adv.

Preview Questions

e.g. All our proposals were rejected, regardless of their merits.

1. How can you be a better representative of your company through business

我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，不管这些建议的价值如何。

dining?

2. alternative n. & adj.

2. What are the characteristics of different business meals?

e.g. Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其他建议？

3. What should the representative do for business meals?

Please find alternative means of transport. 请另外找一个运输方法。

ii. Warming-up Activities

这些名词均含有“选择”之意。

choice:

What is a slogan: A slogan is a memorable motto or phrase used in a political,

侧重指自由选择的权利或特权。

commercial, religious and other context as a repetitive expression of an idea or

alternative: 指在相互排斥的两者之间作严格的选择，也可指在两者以上中进purpose. Slogans in advertising are claimed to be the most effective means of

行选择。

drawing attention to one or more aspects of a product.

preference: 侧重因偏见、爱好或判断等而进行选择。

1 Ask Ss to read warming-up task 1.

option: 着重特别给予的选择权，所选物常常相互排斥。

selection:

2 Go through slogans A-H with Ss.

指作广泛的选择，着重选择者的识别力或鉴赏力。

election:

3 Ask Ss to match the slogans with the pictures.

强调目的和达到目的判断能力。

4 Give the key.

3. process n. v. 加工，处理，起诉，队列前进

5 Encourage Ss to brainstorm more slogans.

e.g. Producing a dictionary is a slow process.编成一本字典是一个缓慢的过程。

iii. Background Information

It may take a few weeks for your application to be processed.

审查你的申请书也许要等几个星期。

International Trade

4. opportunity n.

中文为“国际贸易”，International Trade,英文又称 “Foreign Trade” “External Trade”chance, opportunity, occasion这些名词均含“机会”之意。

（对外贸易）。“国际贸易”(International Trade)这一说法着眼于“贸易是全球国家之chance: 侧重指偶然或意外的机会，有时也指正常或好的机会。

间开展”；“对外贸易”(Foreign Trade或External Trade)着眼于开展贸易的一国。

opportunity: 侧重指有利或适合于采取行动，以达到某一目的或实现某种愿望的最佳时机或机会。

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occasion: 指特殊时机或良机，也指时节。

e.g.

I'd like to take this opportunity to thank everyone for their hard work on the

project. 我愿借此机会感谢每一位为这个项目辛勤工作的人。

We should seize the opportunity to counterattack. 现在，我们应乘机反攻。

5. profit n. 利润 v. 得益，获利

advantage, benefit, interest, favor, profit, gain这些名词均有“利益、好处”之意。

advantage: 指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。

benefit: 普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。

interest: 作“利益”解时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。

favor: 指在竞争中获得的advantage,也可指狭隘的个人利益。

profit: 着重收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利益。

gain: 指获得的物质利益，也暗示不损坏他人利益而得的无形好处。

e.g. It will profit you nothing to do that.你做那件事没有什么好处。

There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present. 现在卖报纸利润很少。

6. benefit n. 利益, 津贴, 义演, 保险金 v. 有益于，得益

e.g. I have benefited a lot from extensive reading. 广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。

This project is of great benefit to everyone. 这项工程对每个人都大有好处。

7. principle n. 原理，原则

principle, theorem, fundamental, law 这些名词均有“原理、原则”之意。

principle: 普通用词，含义广。指作判断的基础或行动的普通准则；也指自然科学的规律。

theorem: 多指经过推理或演算能得到证明的原理、定理或定律。

fundamental: 通常指原理、原则。

law: 指一直公认的。陈述各种现象的条理或关系的公理或定理等。

e.g. in principle 原则上，大体上

on principle 根据原则， 按照原则

I accept the suggestion in principle. 大体上来说，我接受这项建议。

I accept the suggestion on principle 根据原则我接受这项建议。

8. absolute adj. 绝对的, 确实的, 专制的, 完全的 n. 绝对的事务

e.g. That's absolute nonsense! 真是一派胡言！

I have absolute trust in the (skill of) doctors.我绝对相信医生(的医术).

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9. comparative adj.

e.g. The comparative study of folk knowledge and culture.

民俗研究对民间知识和文化的比较研究

To illustrate my point I have done a comparative analysis.

为说明我的观点，我做了对比分析。

10. legal adj.

e.g. He is the only legal heir of the rich man. 他是这位富翁的唯一法定继承人。

They were bound by legal ties. 他们受到法律的约束

11. brief adj. adj. 短暂的, 短期的, 简短的, 扼要的 n. 摘要

brief, concise, compact 这些形容词均有“简短的、简洁的”之意。

brief: 指语言文学简明扼要，短小精悍，也用于指时间意义很强的短暂的过程。

concise: 书面用词，可与brief换用，指语言文学言简意赅，无多余的话。

compact: 指为了方便把某物压缩到最小程度，也指紧凑、简洁的文体

e.g. Please be brief because I am in a hurry. 我有急事，请长话短说。

He drew up a brief for his speech. 他起草了一份讲话的摘要。

12. incline v. (使)倾向于, 向前弯, (使)倾斜

e.g. I'm inclined to believe him innocent. 我倾向于相信他的无辜

I'm inclined to tiredness in winter. 我在冬天易于疲劳。

13. party n. 聚会，宴会，当事人

banquet, feast, dinner, and party这些名词均有“宴会”之意。

banquet: 指正式而盛大的宴会或国宴。

feast: 指宴席酒席，有时可与banquet换用，但前者强调共享欢乐的气氛。

dinner: 普通用词，含义广。本义指一日的主餐，但多用于指宴请客人的正式的一餐。

party: 指一般的社交聚会，也引申指宴请或宴会。

e.g.

I Th is solution acceptable to all parties concerned?

这个解决办法有关各方是否都能接受?

14. make sense 讲得通, 有意义, 言之有理

e.g. His argument does not make sense. 他的争论没有意义。

Can you make sense of what I said? 你能领会我说的意思吗?

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v. Language Points

1. absolute advantage

It refers to the ability of a country, individual, company or region to produce a

kind of goods or services at a low cost per unit than the cost at which any other

entity produces those goods or services.

2. comparative advantage

The principle of comparative advantage is perhaps the most important concept

in the international trade theory. It explains how trade can benefit all parties

involved as long as they specialize in producing goods with different relative

costs---even if a party has no absolute advantage in producing any goods.

vi. Writing

The business memo is generally used in place of a traditional letter for internal

communication. They may be used to convey information such as policy changes,

promotions or other personnel changes, a project status update, or increased

offering of products and services. They can also be used to request that employees

attend a meeting or make changes to work procedures or practices, or they can

address a problem, such as employee tardiness or absence, or provide feedback on

a product or program. Be careful when communicating confidential information; a

face-to-face meeting may be more appropriate in such circumstances.

The tone of a memo is generally fairly formal, so choose your wording

appropriately. Since you typically send memos to those working within your

company, you can use a more informal tone than you would if you were writing a

business letter, but it is inappropriate to be too informal (using slang, for example).

Conciseness and clarity in language are always best. Use active rather than passive

voice whenever possible.

MEMO SECTIONS

● The heading section identifies the recipients of the memo (that is, your readers),

the sender, the date the memo was sent, and the subject (or purpose) of the memo.

The heading generally looks like this:

TO: (recipients’ names and job titles. Include all those who really need to receive

the information, but don’t include anyone who doesn’t. Make sure to spell names

correctly and to include the complete name and correct titles of recipients.)

FROM: (your name and job title.)

DATE: (current date.)

SUBJECT: ( The subject line should be specific enough to convey the main

purpose of the memo. For example, “Mandatory Employee Benefits Meeting on

Friday, June 4” rather than “Meeting”.)

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You may choose to include your initials after your name and job title in the

“From” line to show that you approve the contents of the memo (if you asked

someone else, such as a secretary or administrative assistant to write it on your

behalf) or to authenticate the letter.

● The opening section states the purpose of the memo. It is generally quite brief –

usually, no more than a few sentences.

● In the body (or discussion) section of the memo, include any information the

reader(s) might need to know. The most important (and most specific) information

should come first, followed by less important (and more general) information.

Keep in mind that memos are meant to be brief (most are not longer than a page).

If you have included an attachment – such as a graph, chart, list, or a more detailed

summary of research findings – you may want to identify it here if appropriate, or

you can do so in the closing section.

● In the closing section, indicate your recommendations, the action you want the

reader(s) to take, or (if no particular action is necessary) end the memo on a

positive note. Make sure to include enough information to clearly convey your

request. If possible, include (or reiterate) the benefits the reader(s) will receive by

completing the action (such as improving office safety by following the new

policy), and indicate anything you are doing or will do to help or make it easier for

the reader(s) complete the action.

If some readers may not have it, then you should include your contact information,

such as your work phone number or e-mail address.

If you have included any attachments with your memo, identify them here. For

example:

“Attached: May 25 Training Seminar Agenda”

BASIC FORMAT GUIDELINES

Memos have one-inch margins around the page and are on plain paper.

All lines of the memo begin at the left margin.

The text begins two spaces after the subject line.

Memos do not begin with a salutation.

No closing remark such as ‘Sincerely’ or ‘Best regards’ is necessary.

The body of the memo is single-spaced, with two spaces between paragraphs.

If the memo is longer than a page, repeat the “To” line, the date, and the subject

line on and add a page number to subsequent pages.

Traditionally, memos have not included signature lines. The practice of doing so is

becoming more common, however. In such cases, the written signature is followed

below by the typed name of the sender.

The sender usually signs the memo using initials, first name, or complete name.

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一般来说，在公司的内部交流中，商务备忘录已经取代了传统的“文件”。备忘录

可用于传达信息，比如政策变动、升职信息或其他人事变动，项目进度报告，以及增加的产品或服务；还可用于要求职工出席会议或变更工作程序或业务；或者用于陈述问题，比如职工迟到或缺勤；又或是用来提供产品或计划的反馈。商务备忘录用于沟通机密信息时要当心，在这种情况下，面对面的座谈可能更合适。

一般来说，备忘录的语气相当正式，所以遣词造句要适当。由于备忘录主要用于公司内部人员之间的交流，所以，相对于商务信函来说，你可以采用一种相对不正式的语气—但是太随意就不合适了（比如使用俚语）。简洁明了总是最佳选择。在任何可能的情况下，都尽量使用主动语态而非被动语态。

备忘录的组成部分

● 备忘录的抬头部分明确其接收人（即读件人）、发送人、发送日期和主题（或目的）。抬头一般是这样的：

接收人：（此处写接收人的名字和职务。要包含所有确实需要收到该信息的人，但不要把没必要的人员牵扯进来。确保人名书写正确，用全名，而且职务要准确无误。）

发送人：（此处写你的名字和职务。）

发送日期：（此处写当前日期。）

主题：（主题栏应该足够确切地传达该备忘录的主要目的。比如，应该写“6月4日周五开强制性职工福利会”，而不能只写“开会”。）

你可以在发送人栏中你的名字和职务后面签上自己名字首字母的缩写，以此表明你赞同备忘录中的内容（如果你让别人—比如你的秘书或行政助理—替你写备忘录），或者确认文件属实。

● 开篇部分声明该备忘录的目的。一般很简短—通常情况下，最多几句话即可。

● 正文部分（或讨论部分）要包含读件人可能须要知道的任何信息。最重要（以及最特殊）的信息要放在首位，之后才是不太重要（或比较普通）的信息。要记住，备忘录应该简洁（大部分备忘录都不会多于一页纸）。

如果有附件—比如图片、表格、名单或者一份比较详细的调研结果概述—如果合适的话你可以在这一部分指出，也可在收尾部分说明。

● 收尾部分可以发表自己的建议或你期望读件人采取的行动—如果不必采取任何特定的行动，也可做个乐观的总结。要确保为自己的请求或要求提供了足够的信息。如果可能的话，指出（或重申）读件人若能采取行动则能得到的好处（比如，遵循新规定可提高办公室安全），表明自己正在做或者会去做任何事来帮忙，或者让读件人采取行动时更容易一些。

如果某些读件人可能没有你的联系方式，你应该在这一部分明确，比如你的工作电话或电子邮件地址。

如果该备忘录包含任何附件，在此处明示。比如：

“附件：5月25日培训课程表”

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基本格式准则

备忘录四边留白1英寸（约2.54厘米），纸张选用白纸。

备忘录的所有内容都从左边写起。

内容与主题栏之间采用双倍行距。

备忘录不以问候开篇。

结束时不必写“诚挚的祝福”或“谨致问候”之类的结束标识语。

备忘录正文部分采用单倍行距，段落之间采用两倍行距。

如果备忘录多于一页，随后的页面上要重复收件人栏、发送日期栏和主题栏，并标上页码。

传统意义上的备忘录一般没有签名栏。不过，这种做法越来越常见，所以，在这种情况下，签名可写在打印的发送人姓名之后。

发送人签名时通常使用姓名首字母缩写、名或全名。

vii. Grammar

Noun Clauses

名词性从句

引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类：

连接词： that, whether ,if

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

连接副词：when, where, how, why

e.g. That she was chosen made us very happy.

We heard the news that our team had won.

比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。

大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，用it充当形式主语。

e.g. It is not important who will go.

It is still unknown which team will win the match.

名词性that-从句

1）主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.

宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently.

同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his

office.

形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.

2）It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

It's a pity that you should have to leave.

四种不同的搭配关系：

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a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句

It is necessary that… It is important that…

It is obvious that…

b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句

It is believed that… It is known to all that…

It has been decided that…

c. It + be +名词+ that-从句

It is common knowledge that…

It is a surprise that… It is a fact that…

d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句

It appears that… It happens that…

It occurred to me that…

名词性wh-从句

1）主语：How the book will sell depends on its author.

直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes.

间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.

表语：My question is who will take over president of the Foundation.

宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.

同位语：I have no idea when he will return.

形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation.

介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.

2）It is not yet decided who will do that job.

It remains unknown when they are going to get married

V. Teaching Methods

1. Task-based Language Teaching Approach

2. Communicative Approach

ional Method

4. Audio-lingual Method

VI. The Design for Writing on the Blackboard

Part one: related information and preview questions

Part two: focus words and expressions

Part three: free part

VII. Homework

1. The exercises of passage A

2. Passage B (self-study)

3. A Memo

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