2024年5月16日发(作者：windows官方网站)

2010考研英语二真题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked

A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET l. (10

points

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global

pandemic on June 11, 2009, in the first designation by the World Health Organization of

a worldwide pandemic in 41 years.

The heightened alert came after an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva

that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising numbers in Britain, Japan,

Chile and elsewhere.

But the pandemic is "moderate" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the

organization's director general, with the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing

only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the absence of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global notice in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities

noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths among healthy adults.

As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to crop up in

New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade as warmer weather arrived. But in

late September 2009, officials reported there was significant flu activity in almost every

state and that virtually all the samples tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A

H1N1, not seasonal flu. @Zov&0

1 In the U.S., it has infected more than one million people, and caused more than

600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials released Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and

began taking orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine,

which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is available ahead of expectations. More

than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of

those initial doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not recommended for

pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or

several other problems. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk

group: health care workers, people caring for infants and healthy young people. Section

Ⅱ Reading comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by

choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points

Text1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with

a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby‟s in

London on September 15th 2008 (see picture. All but two pieces sold, fetc hing more

than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer

called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers,

filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising

vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons

Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five

years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates

interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed,

passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst‟s sale, spending of any sort became

deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided

with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors.

In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of

contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese

contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within

weeks the world‟s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby‟s and C hristie‟s, had to pay out

nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped

buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction

in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about

40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But

Edward Dolman, Christie‟s chief executive, says: “I‟m pretty confident we‟re at the

bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers

in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no

demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christ ie‟s revenues in the first half

of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was

interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a

lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—

still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping

away, waiting for confidence to return.

the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last

victory”because ____-.

art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryies

auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

ful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-

2,Para.3,the author suggests that_____ .

A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

B .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

D .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

of the following statements is NOT ture?

A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.

art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

market generally went downward in various ways.

art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____

n houses ' favorites

porary trends

s promoting artwork circulation

representing impressionists

most appropriate title for this text could be ___

ation of Art Prices

-to-date Art Auctions

Market in Decline

d Interest in Arts(编辑

Text2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room -- a women's

group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been

particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently

beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women

frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred.

He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into

laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home

from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the

whole evening in silence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more

than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking

havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s.

Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most

of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of

communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly

50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual

epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often

focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to

accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work

like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on

communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker

observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost

conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon

scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face

while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.

is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

g to them.

ng them.

ting their careers.

D. Shsring housework.

g from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2most

probably means ___ .

A generating motivation.

ng influence

g damage

Dcreating pressure

of the following are true EXCEPT_______

tend to talk more in public tan women

50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

attach much importance to communication between couples

Da female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?

moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .

ge break_up stems from sex inequalities.

d and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.

sational patterns between man and wife are different.

the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably

focus

on ______

A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.

D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Txet3

over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic

behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn

billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost

without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that

remain killers only because we can‟t figure out how to change people‟s habits,” Dr.

Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that

happen automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive

and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in

consumers‟ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you‟ll find that many of the pr oducts we use every day —

chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers,

health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are

results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth

multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns,

many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,

often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn‟t drink water outside of a meal. Then

beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office

workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily

by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth

cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty

rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said

Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the

company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating

positive habits is a h uge part of improving our consumers‟ lives, and it‟s essential to

making new products commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have

learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless

advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when

the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

ing to ,habits like hand washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated

[B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deepiy rooted in history

[D] are basically private concerns(编辑:

d water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5

so as to____

[A] reveal their impac t on people‟habits

[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C]indicate their effect on people‟buying power

[D]manifest the significant role of good habits

of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people‟s

habits?

[A]Tide

[B]Crest

[C]Colgate

[D]Unilver

the text wekonw that some of consumer‟s habits are developed due to

_____

[A]perfected art of products

[B]automatic behavior creation

[C]commercial promotions

[D]scientific experiments

author‟sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people‟s habits

is____

[A]indifferent

[B]negative

[C]positive

[D]biased

Text4