2024年6月16日发(作者：)

habit考研英语阅读

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Habit are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on

auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not

choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th

century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a

negative implication

21. The Wordsworth’s view, “habits” is claimed by being ________.

A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable

So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity

and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously

develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that

can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.

22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be

________

A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided

Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can

instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the

more new things we try—the more we step outside our comfort zone—the more

inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.

But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are

worn into the hippocampus, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we

deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those

old roads.

23. The word "ruts"( Line 1, Paragraph 4) is closest meaning to ________

A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections

"The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,"

says Dawna Markova, author of "The Open Mind" and an executive change

consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. "But we are taught instead to

'decide,' just as our president calls himself 'the Decider.' " She adds, however, that

"to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is

always exploring the many other possibilities."

24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that ________.

A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind

B. innovativeness could be taught

C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas

D. curiosity activates creative minds

All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says.

Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to

approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally

(or collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain

shuts down half of that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that

have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and

procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative

modes of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system —

that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This

Year and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have

perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing

even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.

25. Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing ________

A, prevents new habits form being formed

B, no longer emphasizes commonness

C, maintains the inherent American thinking model

D, complies with the American belief system