2024年5月2日发(作者：)

高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料

A 高分子化学和高分子物理

UNIT 1 What are Polymer?

第一单元 什么是高聚物？

What are polymers? For one thing, they are complex and giant molecules and are

different from low molecular weight compounds like, say, common salt. To contrast the

difference, the molecular weight of common salt is only 58.5, while that of a polymer can be

as high as several hundred thousand, even more than thousand thousands. These big

molecules or ‘macro-molecules’ are made up of much smaller molecules, can be of one or

more chemical compounds. To illustrate, imagine that a set of rings has the same size and is

made of the same material. When these things are interlinked, the chain formed can be

considered as representing a polymer from molecules of the same compound. Alternatively,

individual rings could be of different sizes and materials, and interlinked to represent a

polymer from molecules of different compounds.

什么是高聚物？首先，他们是合成物和大分子，而且不同于低分子化合物，譬如说普通的盐。与

低分子化合物不同的是，普通盐的分子量仅仅是58.5，而高聚物的分子量高于10

5

，甚至大于10

6

。

这些大分子或“高分子”由许多小分子组成。小分子相互结合形成大分子，大分子能够是一种或多种

化合物。举例说明，想象一组大小相同并由相同的材料制成的环。当这些环相互连接起来，可以把形

成的链看成是具有同种分子量化合物组成的高聚物。另一方面，独特的环可以大小不同、材料不同，

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高分子专业英语选讲课文翻译资料

相连接后形成具有不同分子量化合物组成的聚合物。

This interlinking of many units has given the polymer its name, poly meaning ‘many’

and mer meaning ‘part’ (in Greek). As an example, a gaseous compound called butadiene,

with a molecular weight of 54, combines nearly 4000 times and gives a polymer known as

polybutadiene (a synthetic rubber) with about 200 000molecular weight. The low molecular

weight compounds from which the polymers form are known as monomers. The picture is

simply as follows:

许多单元相连接给予了聚合物一个名称，poly意味着“多、聚、重复”，mer意味着“链节、基

体”（希腊语中）。例如：称为丁二烯的气态化合物，分子量为54，化合将近4000次，得到分子量大

约为200000被称作聚丁二烯（合成橡胶）的高聚物。形成高聚物的低分子化合物称为单体。下面简

单地描述一下形成过程：

butadiene + butadiene + ∙∙∙ + butadiene--→polybutadiene

(4 000 time)

丁二烯 ＋丁二烯＋…＋丁二烯——→聚丁二烯

（4000次）

One can thus see how a substance (monomer) with as small a molecule weight as 54

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