常见的字母与字母组合发音规则

常见的字母与字母组合发音规则


2024年4月28日发(作者:)

常见的字母与字母组合发音规

常见的字母与字母组合发音规则

(I)元音字母及元音字母组合拼读规则

●元音字母的发音

(一)元音字母a

1.重读开音节/ei/ paper;late;make;lake;

face

2.重读闭音节/æ/ bag;fat;cat;ladder;mass

(*例外:any一些/e/ ;many许多/e/ )

3.非重读音节 /ə/ 或/i/

即:/ə/ ——ago;al ong;among;above;aloud

/i/ —— comrade;village;manager;

palace;private;necklace

*连续相同的辅音(字母),一般只发一个音,

而且归属后一个音节段。如上的ladder,

village.

4.在字母w或wh后面,发/ɔ/ was;wash;what;

want;

(*例外:water水/ɔ:/ )

5.a在诸如-ance;-ask;-ass;-ast;-ath组

合里 ,重读时均发/a:/

即:dance;France;chance ask;mask;

task;basket class;grass;glass;pass;

——(*例外:mass/æ/ )

fast;cast;past;last;master;father;

path;bath;—— (*例外:maths/æ/ )

(二)元音字母e

1.重读开音节/i:/ me;he;she;these;evening

2.重读闭音节/e/ hen;get;set;tell;echo

3.非重读音节/i/ useless;ticket;basket;

pocket;before;below;

(三)元音字母i或y

1.重读开音节/ai/ China;try;my;hi;time;

guide;

2.重读闭音节/i/ sit;hit;ill;little;

system;

3.非重读音节/i/ unit ;study

(四)元音字母o

1.重读开音节/əu/ no;so;go;home;photo;

2.重读闭音节/ɔ/ not;hot;box;fox;cock;

cost;

3.非重读音节/ə/ purpose;concern

4.o在字母m,n,v或th之前,均发/ʌ/

son;month;come;ton;(*例外:Tom/ɔ/ )

love;dove;glove;above;another

mother;brother;become;some

5.两个单词:woman/‘w u-mən/ 女人(单数);

women/‘w i-min/ 女人(复数)

(五)元音字母u

1.重读开音节/ju:/ pupil;stud ent;use;cube

2.重读闭音节 /ʌ/ 或/u/

即:/ʌ/ —— cut;luck;umbrella;us

/u/ —— put;full;pull

3.非重读音节/ə/ autumn ;August;support

●元音字母组合的拼读规则

(一)元音字母a的字母组合

或ay在重读音节中/ei/ rain;train;

day;may;play;stay;lay

*ay在非重读音里/i/ 或/ei/ Sunday;

brain;pain

Monday;Tuesday;

Thursday;Friday

+ 绝大多数辅音字母 /ɔ:/ small;wall;

call;talk;walk;

chalk

或/ɔ: l/ also;always

*al后面是k时,只发/ɔ:/

al+f或m时,al发/a:/ half;calm

-al在词尾非重读/(ə)l/ medal;metal;

(例外 canal运河,

重音在后/æl/ )

3.-ance在重读时/a: ns/ chance;dance;

France

在非重读时/ə ns/ importance;performance;

ambulance

4.-ant非重读/ənt/ assistant;important;

peasant

5.-ange一般/eindʒ/ change;danger;

strange ;(*但 orange /indʒ/ )

6.-age 一般/idʒ/ village;carriage;

marriage

7.-ask一般重读时/a: sk/ ask;mask;

task ;basket

8.-ass一般重读时/a: s/ class;glass;

grass;pass;(*但

mass/æ/ )

9.-ast一般重读时/a: st/ last;past;fast;

cast

-aste一般/eist/ waste;paste;taste

10.-ath一般/a: θ/ bath;path;(*但

maths/æθ/ )

或/a: ð/ father;rather;(*但

gather/æð/ )

11.-au一般/ɔ:/ cause;autumn ;August;

(*但 because/ɔ/ ) -augh(t)/ɔ: (t)/

caught;taught;daughter

(*例外:laugh/la:f/ )

12.-aw/ɔ:/ draw;saw;law;awful

13.a在字母w或wh后面,a发/ɔ/ was;wash;

want;what;(*但 water/ɔ:/ )

14.-ar重读音时/a:/ party;car;farm;army;

yard;hard;star

在字母w或音/w/ 后面时 /ɔ:/ war;warm;

warn ;towards;

*quarter 在非重读音时/-ə/ beggar;

dollar;solar

15.-are一般/-εə/ hare;bare;dare;stare;

rare;care;parent

16.-air一般/-εə/ chair;fair;hair;pair;

stair;repair

17.-able 一般/eibl/ able;cable;tabl e;

stable

(二)元音字母e的组合

1.-ea重读音节有四个音,分别是下列:

-ea/i:/ team;meat;lead;teach;read;

mean;please;steal

-ea/e/ threat;bread;meant;read(过去式

和过去分词 );peasant

-ea/iə/ real;really

-ea/ei/ great;break

2.-ee/i:/ feel;week;keep;three;steel;

street;sweep;see

*但是一个例外:coffee/i/

3.-eer/iə/ deer;pioneer;engineer;

volunteer

4.-er重读音节/ə:/ her;term;service;

Germany

非重读/ə/ worker;paper;western;teacher

特殊读法/a:/ clerk

5.-ere/iə/ here;mere

-ere 或者发/εə/ there;where

6.-ear有三种音,分别是;

-ear/iə/ ear;dear;near;clear;tear

(n.);beard

-ear /ə:/ early;earth;learn;heard

-ear /a:/ heart

*tear作为动词时,发/εə/

7.-ei /ei/ eight;weigh;weight

-ei /ai/ height

-ei /i:/ receive

8.-ey重读/ei/ they;hey;survey

-ey重读/i:/ key

-ey非重读/i/ monkey;donkey;valley;

volleyball

*-et非重读/it/ pocket;ticket;rocket

9.-ew 一般/ju:/ new;few;knew

-ew 或者发/u:/ grew;threw

-ew还可以发/əu/ sew

10.-ege /idʒ/ college

11.-est /i s t/ biggest;modest;

happiest;

12.词尾的-ed在浊音后/d/ lived;studied

-ed在字母t或d后/id/ wanted;needed

(三)元音字母i或y的组合

-ed在清音后/t/ worked;finished

1.-ie在重读音节中,或在辅音字母前,发/i:/

field;piece;achieve

-ie在词尾/ai/ lie;die;tie

2.-igh(t)在重读音节/ai(t)/ high;night;

light;bright

3.-ir在重读音节/ə:/ girl;firm;circle;

first;third

4.-ire在重读音节/‘aiə/ fire;tired;hire;

retired;wire

5.-ild/aild/ child;wild

6.-ind/aind/ find;kind;mind;wind;(*但

window/ind/ )

7.-ing/iŋ/ king;wing;sing;doing;making

8.-(a)tion/(ei)ʃn/ nation;pronunciation;

information;composition

-stion/tʃ n/ question

-sion/ʃn/ 或/ʒn/ mission使命;precision

精密

9.-ye在词尾/ai/ good-bye;bye-bye

10.-ist/i s t/ list;fist;

(四)元音字母o的组合

1.-oa在重音时/əu/ boat;coat;road;goat;

toad

-oar在重音时/ɔ:/ blackboard;aboard

2.-oi,-oy在重音时/ɔi/ boiler;point;join;

oil

boy;toy;joy;loyal

3.-oo一般/u:/ soon;too;zoo;room;noon;

food;mood;boot;moon

*单词room和其他名词构成合成词时,常发短

音。如 classroom/u/ …等等。

在字母k或有时在t,d之前时/u/ cook;look;

book;took;foot;good;

4.-or在重音时/ɔ:/ for;horse;important;

morning;born

-or在字母w后面/ə:/ work;word;world;

worse;worth

(*但是 wore ,worn例外,均发/ɔ:/ )

-or在非重音时/ə/ monitor;doctor;

professor;forget;

forwards;forgive;conductor

5.-oar一般/ɔ:/ board;aboard;blackboard

6.-oor一般/ɔ:/ 或在美式英语里发/ɔə/ door;

floor

-oor 还发/uə/ poor

7.-ore在重音时/ɔ:/ snore;more;before;

foreign;forest

8.-ou一般/au/ shout;loud;round;found

-ou还发/ʌ/ country;countryside;trouble

-ou 还发/u:/ wound;wounded

9.-ough(t)发/ɔ:(t)/ ought;brought;bought;

fought;thought

(*例外: cough/k ɔ f/ )

10.-oe/əu/ toe;hoe;Joe

11.-old/əu l d/ old;hold;cold;told

12.-ost/əu s t/ post;most;host;ghost

(*例外cost/ɔ s t/ )

13.-our在重音时/au/ sour;our;hour;

还发/ɔ:/ four;course;pour

还发/uə/ tour;gourd

-our 在词尾(非重音)/ə/ colour;

neighbour;favourite

14.-ow在重音时/au/ now;cow;down;how;

town

-ow在重音或非重音中/əu/ low;yellow;

below;follow;grow

tomorrow;window;widow;know;show

(五)元音字母u的组合

1.-u在字母ll或sh之前,或者在字母b,p或

f之后,均发/u/

如: full;bull;pull;push;bush

字母l,r或j+u 构成的开音节,u发/u:/

rule;true;blue;June

2.-ue在词尾/ju:/ argue;continue

3.-ui在字母j或r后面时,发/u:/ fruit;juice

-ui在字母b或g后面,或者紧接重音节后面

的一个音节时发/i/ ,如:build;guilty;

biscuit

(*即就是说字母u不发音)

4.-ur在重音时/ə:/ turn;return;Thursday;

nurse;purse

在非重音时/ə/ surprise;Saturday

-ure在重音时/(j)uə/ pure/juə/ ;

manure/juə/ ;sure/uə/

-ture发/tʃə/ picture;future;mixture

(II) ●辅音字母及辅音字母组合的拼读规则

辅音字母一般都发字母本身音,只有一些是特

殊的,下面试列举如下:

1.b在一般情况下/b/ back;big;lab;

brother

b和u在一起,u常发/i/ building;

build;busy

-bt一般/t/ debt;doubt

2.c在字母e,i或y前面时/s/ city;

Bruce;juice;bicycle;face;central

c在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前/k/

cup;cold;cattle;duck;

bicycle;cap;cut;class;

c在词尾时也发/k/ ,但后面有e,那还

发/s/ gymnastic/k/ ;music/k/ ;

grace/s/ ;Bruce/s/

-cc在元音字母a,o,u和辅音字母之前

/k/ occasion;according;occupy;

acclaim

在元音字母e和i之前/ks/ accent;

success

-ci有时发/ʃ/ social

-ch 有三种音/tʃ/ /k/ 或/ʃ/ 如下:

/k/ school;chemist;chemistry;

/ʃ/ machine;parachute;moustache

-tch/tʃ/ catch;match;fetch;hatch;

butcher

-ck/k/ duck;luck;ticket;pocket;

black;cock

3.d在一般情况下/d/ did;made;desk;

duck;doubt;damage

-ds发/dz/ birds;hands

dr在元音字母前/dr/ dry;dress;

/tʃ/ China;rich;chick;chalk

chemical;ache;technology

driver;drill

-dge一般/dʒ/ bridge;fridge;judge;

edge

4.f在一般情况下/f/ five;flag;life;

l eaf

5.g在字母e,i或y前面/dʒ/ large;general;

gymnastics;age;energy

*例外: give;forgive;get;forget等,g

都发/g/

在字母a,o或u,或者在辅音字母前/g/

goat;game;guard;ghost;glass

在词尾也发/g/ big;egg;fig;flag

-gn/n/ ,即g不发音 foreign;sign;gnaw

-gh发/f/ 或/-/ (*既不发音 ) /-/ high;

thought;light;brought

/f/ laugh;cough

-dge发/dʒ/ bridge;knowledge;judge

*gue-,gua-和gui-在词首时一般u都不发音

guess;guest;guard;guide

而-gue在词尾发/g/ league;colleague

6.h在一般情况下/h/ help;behave;hell o;

hit;hurry

h在字母r或x后面不发音 rhino;

exhibition

7.j在一般情况下/dʒ/ joy;judge;injure;

journey;January;jar;just

8.k在一般情况下/k/ king;milk;kick;kiss;

lock;knock

k后面是n时,k不发音,即kn发/n/ knock;

knee;know;knowledge;knife

9.l在元音字母前发/l/ (*即“勒”音,供参考 )

light;look;let;lab;live

l在辅音字母或词尾时发/l/ (*即“尔”音,

供参考 ) cold;sell;chalk

10.m在一般情况下/m/ meet;meat;mother;

come;make;Tom

m后面是b时,b不发音,即-mb发/m/ comb;

tomb;climb;bomber

11.n在一般情况下/n/ in;now;next;ton;

nest

n在m后面时,n常不发音,即-mn发/m/

autumn;column

但后面有后缀或构成合成词,则n还要发音的

autumnal;columnist

-ng常发/ŋ/ 或/ŋg/ 发/ŋ/ si ng;king;

English ;young

-nk常发/ŋk/ ba nk;sink;sank;sunk;ink;

thank

12.p在一般情况下/p/ map;cap;people;pest

-ph/f/ photo;phantom;philosophy;

physics;phrase

在一般情况下/k/ unique;cheque

qu一般发/k w/ quarter;quick;quilt;

quiet;quite;queen

14.r在元音字母前才发音/r/ (*即音同“略”

供参考 ) room;read;rest;around

r在辅音字母或词尾前,一般不发音 car;

star;jar

rh在元音字母前只发/r/ rhyme;rhino;

rhetoric

15.s在词首和词尾、清辅音之前或之后,或者

在词尾同时在短元音之后,一般发/s/

如: see;some;set;sister;works;lips;

newspaper;yes;this

注:一条发音习惯,欧美人在发/s/ 音后面的

发 /ŋg/ finger;younger;language

清辅音时,习惯上把该清辅音发成相对应的浊辅

音(而书写音标的时候,还是写成清辅音),试

举例如下:

如:school---音标/s k u: l/ ,而习惯

念成/s g u: l/

street---音标/s tr i: t/ ,而习惯

念成/s dr i: t/

stubborn---音标/‘s t ʌ b n/ ,

而习惯念成/‘s d ʌ b n/

student---音标/‘s t j u: d ə

n t/ ,而习惯念成/‘s d j u: d ə n

t/

space---音标/s p ei s/ ,而习惯念

成/s b ei s/

steal---音标/s t i: l/ ,而习惯念

成/s d i: l/

就是这样,像这样的单词还有很多。这里

只列举这么多了。

s在两个元音之间或者在浊辅音和元音之间

时,发/z/

如: these;nose;l ose;rise;wisdom;

observe

词尾的s在浊辅音或元音之后(即在浊音之

后),发/z/

如: pigs;plays;flags;eggs;toys;

boys

词尾的,,,s,在长元音之后,发/z/ hers;

yours

s还可以发/ʃ/ sure;Russia

-sh一般发/ʃ/ sheep;ship;wish;show;shift;

fish

-sch一般情况下/s k/ school;scheme(计

划)

-sion一般情况下/ʃ n/ tension;

succession

在元音字母后/ʒ n/ decision;

conclusion

-sure在元音字母后/ʒ ə/ measure;

pleasure

16. t在一般情况下/t/ tooth; cat;teach;

tool;hit

cut;let;ten;table;taste;

-th一般发/θ/ 或/ð/ ,即发/θ/ thin;

tooth;youth;think;thigh

发/ð/ that;with;this;these;those

-tr/tr/ try;trust;trip;trouble;tree;

street

-tion/ʃ n/ information;organization;

pronunciation;production

(*一个例外: question/tʃ n/ )

-ture/tʃ ə/ picture;mixture;future

17.v在一般情况下/v/ very;live;vehicl e;

vase;valley;village

18.w在元音字母之前/w/ wear;wind ow;widow;

week;weak;wisdom

wh/h/ who;whom;whose;whole

wh/w/ what;which;when;where;why

ew/j u:/ few;threw;grew;knew;new

ow/au/ now;cow;crown

19.x在一般情况下/ks/ box;fox;next;textile

位于元音字母之前且重音落在后一个音节上

时,发/gz/ exam;exist;anxiety

20.y在元音字母之前/j/ you;youth;yes;young

wr/r/ write;wrong;wrist;written

aw/ɔ:/ draw;saw;law;lawyer;awful

ow/əu/ own;owner;low;slow;know;below

21.z在一般情况下/z/ zoo;quiz;zebra;zero;

zipper


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