2024年6月16日发(作者：)

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拉丁动词词干的变化方式—规则

尾辅音变化：各种辅音都向齿龈爆破音[t]过渡；而[t] ，[d]则变成破擦音[s].

[b], [p], [k], [g] … —> [t]

[t], [d] —>[s]

拉丁文中的字母c 发音为 [k]，还要考虑到浊辅音向清辅音[t]过渡时，必要的添音

与必然的语音同化现象。

以各种辅音字母收尾的（来自拉丁不定式词干的）词根，变成以t收尾的（拉丁动名词词干

的异形根）

1. 词根尾辅音字

scrib—>scripto write

t

母b —>p

sorb—>sorpt to suck in

2. 词根尾辅音字

cap—>capt take in

母p—>pt

rap—>rapt seize

do

3. 词根尾辅音字

ag—>act

母g—>ct

aug—>auct increase

字母c发[k]音

cing—>cinct

hind阻

fig—>flict

fashion塑造

describe, description

absorb, absorption

capacity, capture

rapid, rapture（全神贯注）

agent, action

augment, auction

Cingulum（带状的）, cincture

figment, fiction

profligate, conflict

fracture

fructify

elegant, elect

pigment, picture

pungent, punctuation

flig—>flict strike

frag—>fract break

frug—>fruct bear fruit

leg—>lect

pig—>pict

choose

paint

pung—>pun

prick刺

ct

reg—>rect

tag—>tact

teg—>tect

rule划直线、治理 regiment, correct

touch

cover

contagious, contact

tegument, protect

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4. 词根尾辅音字

dic-dict

母c—> ct字母

doc-doct

(c发[k]音)

duc-duct

fac-fact

sec-sect

spec-spect

loqu-locut

sequ-secut

torqu-tort

5. 词根尾辅音字

mov—>mot

母v—> (u)t

solv—>solut

volv—>volut

6. 词根尾辅音字

em—>empt

母 m—>mpt

sum—>sumpt

7. [s]收尾的词根末

flux—>fluct

尾辅音字母或字母

nasc—>nat

组合—>t

cresc—>cret

sal—>sult

cern—>cret

8. 其它词根尾辅

音—>t

ten—>tent

mon—>monit

say

teach

lead

make

cut

look

speak

follow

twist

move

loosen

turn

buy

take and use

flow

to be born

grow

leap

separate

remind

hold

carry

ask

indicate, dictation

docile, doctor

produce, production

facility, factory

secant, section

specious, spectator

eloquent, elocution

consequence,consecutive

torque, torture

remove, remote

resolve, resolution

revolve, revolution

redeem, redemption

presume, presumption

fluxion, fluctuate

nascent, native

crescent,concrete

salient, insult

concern, secretary

admonish, monitor

tenant,detention

belligerent, digest

conquer, request

ger—>gest

quer—>quest

以下是以t,d 收尾的来自拉丁不定式词干的词根，变成以s收尾的来自动名词词干的词根

情况

9. 词根尾辅音字

flect—>flex bend flexible, inflection

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母t—>s

mit—>miss

sent—>sens

cad—>cas

ced—>cess

cid—>cis

clud—>clus

fend—>fens

lud—>lus

mord—>mors

pend—>pens

send

feel

fall

cut

shut

hit

mock or play

bite

hang,pay

commit, commission

sentiment, sensation

decadent,occasion

procedure, procession

decide, decision

include, inclusion

defend, defense

allude, allusion

mordacity, remorse

expend, expensive

applaud, plausible

comprehend, comprehension

abrade, abrasion

ridicule, derision

erode, erosion

scandant

extend, extensive

intrude, intrusion

invade, invasion

provide, prevision

plaud—>plaus clap the hands

10. 词根尾辅音字

prehend—>prehseize

母t—>s

ens

rad—>ras

rid—>ris

rod—>ros

scrape擦

laugh

bite

scand—>scans climb

tend—>tens

trud—>trus

vad—>vas

vid—>vis

stretch

thrust

go

see

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