2024年4月24日发(作者：)

合成氨主要工艺流程的三个基本组成部分

The three fundamental components of the primary process for

ammonia synthesis are as follows:

1. Steam Reforming: This is the initial step in the

production of ammonia and involves the conversion of

hydrocarbon feedstocks, such as natural gas or naphtha,

into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This is

achieved through a catalytic reaction under high

temperatures and steam. The resulting gas, known as

synthesis gas or syngas, serves as the raw material for

subsequent reactions.

蒸汽重整：这是合成氨生产的首要步骤，涉及将碳氢化合物原料，

如天然气或石脑油，转化为一种混合氢和一氧化碳的物质。这是通

过在高温和水蒸汽下进行催化反应来实现的。形成的气体被称为合

成气或合成汽，在随后的反应中用作原材料。

2. Water-Gas Shift Reaction: In this stage, the syngas from

steam reforming undergoes a reaction with steam to convert

the remaining carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and

produce additional hydrogen. This reaction takes place over

a catalyst at high temperatures.

水煤气变换反应：在这个阶段，来自蒸汽重整的合成气与水蒸汽发

生反应，将剩余的一氧化碳转化为二氧化碳，并产生额外的氢。这

种反应在高温下通过催化剂进行。

3. Haber-Bosch Process: The final step in ammonia synthesis

involves the reaction of the hydrogen from the water-gas

shift reaction with nitrogen to produce ammonia. This

reaction occurs under high pressure (around 150-200

atmospheres) and at temperatures ranging from 350 to 550

degrees Celsius. A catalyst, typically iron or a

combination of iron and other metals, is employed to

enhance the efficiency of the reaction.

哈伯－博兹过程：合成氨的最后一步涉及从水煤气变换反应中获得

的氢与氮发生反应产生氨。这种反应在高压（大约150-200个大气

压）和温度在摄氏350至550度之间进行。催化剂，通常是铁或铁

与其他金属的组合物，被用来提高反应的效率。

In summary, the three main components of ammonia synthesis

consist of steam reforming for converting hydrocarbon

feedstocks into synthesis gas, water-gas shift reaction for

converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and

producing additional hydrogen, and the Haber-Bosch process

for combining nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia.

These processes are vital in the production of ammonia,

which is used widely in various industrial applications

such as fertilizer production, chemical manufacturing, and

refrigeration.