2024年4月11日发(作者：)

西洋乐器英文名称及简介 ：

Violin 小提琴：A stringed instrument played with a bow, having

four strings tuned at intervals of a fifth, an unfretted

fingerboard, and a shallower body than the viol and capable of

great flexibility in range, tone, and dynamics.

用弓演奏的一种弦乐器，四根弦,按五度音程调音,指板无品，形体较古

提琴浅，音域、音色和强弱相当灵活。

Viola 中提琴：A stringed instrument of the violin family, slightly

larger than a violin, tuned a fifth lower, and having a

deeper, more sonorous tone.

提琴家族中的一种弦乐器，稍大于小提琴，调音比小提琴低五度，声

音更为深沉、洪亮。

Cello 大提琴：A four-stringed instrument of the violin family,

pitched lower than the viola but higher than the double bass.

一种提琴类四弦乐器，音调比中提琴低但比低音提琴高。

Double bass 低音提琴或大贝司：The largest bowed stringed

instrument in

the modern orchestra, also used frequently in jazz ensembles,

especially played pizzicato. The double bass, usually

considered a member of the violin family, is tuned in fourths

and has the sloping shoulders and flat back characteristic of

the viols. It has a deep range beginning about three octaves

below middle C.

尤用于拨奏的现代管弦乐队的最大弓弦乐器，也常用于爵士乐合奏。

低音提琴通常被算作提琴类，定弦为四度，颈部倾斜和背平是低音提琴的特点。它有始于

中央C音以下三个八度的深度范围。

flute 长笛：A high-pitched woodwind instrument consisting of a

slender tube closed at one end with keys and finger holes on

the side and an opening near the closed end across which the

breath is blown.

由一根一端封闭的纤细管子组成的高音木管乐器，侧边有按键和指孔，

靠近封闭端有一个使气流进入的开口。

piccolo 短笛：A small flute pitched an octave above a regular

flute. 一种音调比普通笛子高八度音的小笛子。

clarinet 单簧管：A woodwind instrument having a straight,

cylindrical tube with a flaring bell and a single-reed

mouthpiece, played by means of finger holes and keys.

单簧管，黑管一种管乐器，有直的圆筒形管身和一个外敞的管口及一

个单簧吹口，以指孔和键的方式演奏。

oboe 双簧管：A slender woodwind instrument with a conical

bore and

a double reed mouthpiece, having a range of three octaves and

a penetrating, poignant sound.

带有一个圆锥形孔和双簧管吹口的细小的木管乐器，具有三个八度音

域和穿透力强而尖利的声音。

English horn 英国管：A double-reed woodwind instrument

similar to

but larger than the oboe and pitched lower by a fifth.

一种双簧的木制管乐器，类似于双簧管，但音高比双簧管低五度。

bassoon或fogotto 大管：A low-pitched woodwind instrument

with a

double reed, having a long wooden body attached to a

U-shaped

lateral tube that leads to the mouthpiece. The range of this

instrument is typically two octaves lower than that of the

oboe.

巴松管，低音管一种低调的有双簧的木管乐器，有长的木质管身并与

通向吹口的侧面管身相连，这种乐器的音域范围比双簧管明显的低两个八音度。

double bassoon 低音大管：The largest and lowest pitched of the

double-reed wind instruments, sounding an octave below the

bassoon. 双簧管系管乐器中音高最低的也是最大的乐器，比低音管

的音高低一个八度。

horn或French horn 圆号或法国圆号：A valved brass wind

instrument that

produces a mellow tone from a long, narrow tube that is coiled

in a circle before ending in a flaring bell.

一种有活瓣的铜管乐器，从漩涡形且端部有喇叭口的又长又细的管子

里发出圆润的乐音。

trumpet 小号：A soprano brass wind instrument consisting of a

long metal tube looped once and ending in a flared bell, the

modern type being equipped with three valves for producing

variations in pitch.

一种高音铜管乐器，由一根从前为环状的金属管和呈喇叭口得末端构

成，现代小号上装有三个活瓣以制造不同的音高。

cornet 短号：A wind instrument of the trumpet class, having

three

valves operated by pistons. 号类的一种管乐器，有三个用活塞控制

的栓塞。

trombone 长号：A brass instrument consisting of a long

cylindrical tube bent upon itself twice, ending in a

bell-shaped mouth, and having a movable U-shaped slide for

producing different pitches.

一种铜管乐器，由弯曲两次的长圆筒形金属管构成，尾部有喇叭形口，

有一个可滑动的U 形拉管，可发出不同音高的音。

tuba 大号：A large, valved, brass wind instrument with a bass

pitch. 大型带活塞的低音铜管乐器。

harp 竖琴：An instrument consisting of an upright, open

triangular frame with usually 46 strings of graded lengths

played by plucking with the fingers.

一种有一个通常系有四十六根长短不一的琴弦的直立的开放三角架、

弹奏时用手指拨动琴弦的乐器。

piano 钢琴：An instrument with a manual keyboard actuating

hammers that strike wire strings, producing sounds that may be

softened or sustained by means of pedals.

一种乐器，用手操作键盘驱动打击钢丝线产生声音，可以通过踏瓣的

方式调轻声音或使之持续不断。

organ 风琴：An instrument consisting of a number of pipes that

sound tones when supplied with air and a keyboard that

operates a mechanism controlling the flow of air to the pipes.

一种由一定数量的靠输送气流发声的管子和一个操纵机械装置以使气

流通过管子的键盘构成的乐器。

harpsichord 羽管键琴：A stringed instrument resembling a

grand

piano but usually having two keyboards and two or more

strings

for each note and producing tones by the plucking of strings

with

plectra.一种卧式竖琴型或梯形的键盘乐器，类似三角钢琴，但通常有

两层键盘（部分为一层，及其个别亦有三层）和两套或更多的弦（每套发出不同音质的音），

通过羽管或皮制拨子（拨子连接一顶重器，一般为一根直立的木杆）拨弦，赖琴键内端推

动发声。

glockenspiel 钟琴：A percussion instrument with a series of

metal

bars tuned to the chromatic scale and played with two light

hammers. 按半音阶调准的分级金属棒构成的打击乐器，用两个轻槌

击奏。

xylophone 木琴：A percussion instrument consisting of a

mounted

row of wooden bars graduated in length to sound a chromatic

scale, played with two small mallets.

一种打击乐器，由逐级加长的一排排镶嵌的木棒组成，并发出半音音

阶，用两个小木槌敲击。

bass drum 大鼓：A large drum having a cylindrical body and

two

heads and producing a low, resonant sound.

一种大鼓，有个圆筒形鼓身和两个面，并能发出低沉的、共鸣的声音。

tambourine 铃鼓：An instrument consisting of a small

drumhead

with jingling disks that are fitted into the rim. It is shaken

with one hand and struck with the other.

小手鼓，一种由边缘嵌有能叮当作响的小金属片的小鼓面构成的一种

乐器，演奏时人们一只手摇它而另一只手敲它。

lute 鲁特琴（中文的琵琶也译做lute)：A stringed instrument

having a body

shaped like a pear sliced lengthwise and a neck with a fretted

fingerboard that is usually bent just below the tuning pegs.

一种纵向削制的形状如梨的拨弦乐器，琴颈上有定音档的指板，通常

弯曲于调音单轴之下。

mandolin 曼陀林：An instrument with a usually pear-shaped

body and

a fretted neck over which several pairs of strings are

stretched. 常是梨形琴身，在有格纹的琴颈上装有几组供挑拨的琴

弦。

guitar 吉他：An instrument having a large, flat-backed sound

box

similar in shape to a violin, a long fretted neck, and usually

six strings, played by strumming or plucking.

一种具有大而平的音箱的乐器，形状与小提琴相似，琴颈长，通常有

六根弦，为弹拨乐器。

erhu：二胡 Bowed, two-string fiddle from China, with its bow

hairs fixed between the strings; rests on the leg while

playing.

Fiddle：费德罗小提琴 English name for the Violin, originated

from the

Latin Vitula. The French words Vielle and later Viol are also

from the same Latin root.

flute：长笛 The flute is a cylindrical metal tube closed at one

fully

end that is held horizontally and blown across the mouth hole.

Gu Zheng：古筝 Lonng Chinese zither, typically with 21 strings,

also known simply as Zheng (Gu meaning ancient). Related to

Japanese Koto.

Harmonica：口琴 the first of the modern European free reed

instruments. a block of 10 or more double sided reeds, mouth

blown.

Marimbas 马琳吧木琴A modern commercially manufactured,

resonated orchestral xylophone.

piano：钢琴 Keyboard instrument whose strings are struck with

hammers controlled by a keyboard mechanism; pedals control

dampers in the strings that stop the sound when the finger

releases the key.

of a

organ,

include

keyboard instrument：键盘乐器 Instrument sounded by means

keyboard (a series of keys played with the fingers). The most

commonly recognized keyboard instruments are the piano,

harpsichord and synthesizer, a recent invention.

organ：风琴 Wind instrument in which air is fed to the pipes by

mechanical means; the pipes are controlled by two or more

keyboards and a set of pedals.

string family：弦乐器类 The members of the string family

two types of instruments: bowed and plucked. The standard

bowed string instruments, from highest to lowest, are violin,

viola, cello and double bass. The harp and guitar are common

plucked string instruments. String instruments often play

and

special effects, including trill, pizzicato, harmonic and

arpeggio. Also chordophone.

violin：小提琴 The violin's four strings are set in vibration

(usually one at a time) by drawing a bow across them with the

right hand while the fingers of the left hand stop the

strings, changing its vibrate length and thus the pitch.

vibraphone：颤音琴 A percussion instrument with metal bars

electrically driven rotating propellers under each bar that

produces a vibrato sound, much used in jazz.

常用乐器英中对照表

一、Woodwinds: 木管乐器

o 短笛

长笛

o Recorder 高音竖笛

双簧管

h Horn 英国管

n 大管

bassoon 低音巴松

et in Eb 降E调单簧管(小黑管)

et in A A调单簧管

et in Bb 降B调单簧管

Clarinet 低音单簧管

o Saxophone 高音萨克斯

Saxophone 中音萨克斯

Saxophone 次中音萨克斯

ne Saxophone 上低音萨克斯

Flute 中音长笛*

Flute 低音长笛

d' Amore 双簧管的一种

o Clarinet 高音单簧管*

Clarinet 中音单簧管(Eb调的，属于低音单簧管）

bass Clarinet 倍低音单簧管

t Recorder 高音竖笛

Recorder 中音竖笛

Recorder 次中音竖笛

Recorder 低音竖笛

es 风笛

Horn 巴赛管（单簧管）

es 排萧

二、Brass: 铜管乐器

短号

t in Bb 降B调小号

t in C C调小号

horn 夫吕号（行进乐队常用）

in F F调圆号

ne 长号

Trombone 次中音长号

Tromone 低音长号

ne(T.C.) 次中音号

ne 次中音

ium 小低音号

大号

Tuba 低音大号

o Cornet 高音短号

o Trumpet in A A调高音小号

Trumpet in C C调低音小号

Trombone 中音长号

bass Trombone 倍低音长号

三、Pitched Percussion： 有音高打击乐器

i 定音鼓

排钟

nspiel 钢片琴

l Glasses

one 木琴

hone 颤音琴

a 马林巴琴

Marimba 低音马林巴琴

r Bells 管钟

钟琴

Drums 钢鼓

s 三角木琴

四、Percussion: 小打击乐器

sion 小打击乐器组

Chimes

Tree 音树

le 三角铁

es 响板

Cymbals 手指小镲

Bells 马铃

s 大镲

l 牛铃

Bells （由两个锥型铁筒组成，比牛玲音高）

one

l Saw 乐锯

Drum 闸鼓

Tam 大锣

锣

响棒

ick 击板

lap

Block 沙轮

t 齿轮剐响器

（木制，用铁棍剐）

（发出的声音象狗叫的拉丁乐器）

s 沙槌

ets 响板

Blocks 盒棒

Blocks 木鱼

Drum 木鼓

rine 铃鼓

e 哨

汽笛

e

乐钻

五、Drums: 鼓

Set 架子鼓

Drums 邦加鼓（用手指敲的小鼓，夹在两腿间）

es 蒂姆巴尔鼓

Drums 康加鼓（橄榄型）

Drum 小军鼓

Toms 4组鼓筒鼓

Toms 五组筒鼓

Drum 次高音鼓

Toms 筒鼓

Toms 轮鼓

Drum 低音鼓

六、Plucked Strings: 弹拨乐

竖琴

吉他

ic Guitar

ic Guitar 电吉他

班卓

贝司

ic Bass 非电贝斯

ic Bass 电贝司

Bass 弦贝司

in 曼陀林

琉特琴

e 夏威夷四弦琴

齐特尔琴

锡塔尔琴

七、Keybords: 键盘

钢琴

管风琴

chord 大键琴

a 钢片琴

ion 手风琴

hord 古钢琴

ium 脚踏式风琴

sizer 电子合成器

八、Chorus: 合唱

o 女高

o Ⅰ 女高1

o Ⅱ 女高2

-Soprano 女次高

lto 女低

女低

r-Tenor

男高

Ⅰ 男高1

Ⅱ 男高2

ne 男中

男低

Ⅰ 男低1

Ⅱ 男低2

人声

元音

九、Strings: 弦乐

小提琴

Ⅰ 小提琴1

Ⅱ 小提琴2

中提琴

大提琴

cello 低音提琴

bass 低音提琴

Bass 倍低音提琴

Violin 独奏小提琴

VIola 独奏中提琴

Cello 独奏大提琴

Bass 独奏低音提琴

d' Amore

十、Handbells: 手铃

lls 手铃

lls(T.C) 手铃（中音）