2024年4月7日发(作者：)

When we two parted

George Gordon Byron

When we two parted

In silence and tears,

Half broken-hearted

To sever for years,

Pale grew thy cheek and cold,

Colder thy kiss;

Truly that hour foretold

Sorrow to this!

The dew of the morning

Sunk chill on my brow-

It felt like the warning

Of what I feel now.

Thy vows are all broken,

And light is thy fame:

I hear thy name spoken,

And share in its shame.

They name thee before me,

昔日依依别

乔治

·

戈登！拜伦

昔日依依别，

泪流默无言；

离恨肝肠断，

此别又几年。

冷颊何惨然，

一吻寒更添；

日后伤心事，

此刻已预言。

朝起寒露重，

凛冽凝眉间－－

彼时已预告：

悲伤在今天。

山盟今安在？

汝名何轻贱！

吾闻汝名传，

羞愧在人前。

A knell to mine ear;

A shudder comes o’er me-

Why wert thou so dear?

They know not I knew thee

Who knew thee too well:

long, long shall I rue thee,

Too deeply to tell.

In secret we met-

In silence I grieve,

That thy heart could forget,

Thy spirit deceive.

If I should meet thee

After ling year,

How should I greet thee?

With silence and tears.

闻汝名声恶，

犹如听丧钟。

不禁心怵惕－－

往昔情太浓。

谁知旧日情，

斯人知太深。

绵绵长怀恨，

尽在不言中，

昔日喜幽会，

今朝恨无声。

旧情汝已忘，

疾心遇薄幸。

多年离别后，

抑或再相逢，

相逢何所语？

泪流默无声。

隐锡麟译

想当年我们俩分手

卞之琳 译

想当年我们俩分手，

也沉默也流泪，

要分开好几个年头

想起来心就碎；

苍白，冰冷，你的脸，

更冷的是嘴唇；

当时真是像预言

今天的悲痛。

早晨的寒露在飘落，

冷彻了眉头——

仿佛是预先警告我

今天的感受。

你抛了所有的信誓，

声名也断送：

听人家讲你的名字，

我也就脸红。

人家当我面讲你

我听来像丧钟——

为什么我从前想象你

值得我这么疼?

谁知道我本来认识你，

认识得太相熟：——

我今后会长久惋惜你，

沉痛到说不出！

你我在秘密中见面——

我如今就默哀

你怎么忍心来欺骗。

把什么都忘怀！

多年后万一在陌路

偶尔再相会，

我跟你该怎么打招呼？——

用沉默，用眼泪。

红楼梦第二十八回

这里宝玉悲恸了一回, 忽然抬头不见了黛玉,

便知黛玉看见他躲开了，自己也觉无味, 抖

抖土起来，下山寻归旧路，往怡红院来。可

巧看见林黛玉在前头走，连忙赶上去,说道:"

你且站住。我知你不理我,我只说一句话,从

今后撂开手。"林黛玉回头看见是宝玉, 待要

不理他,听他说"只说一句话,从此撂开手",这

话里有文章,少不得站住说道:“有一句话,请

说来。” 宝玉笑道“:两句话,说了你听不听?”

黛玉听说,回头就走。 宝玉在身后面叹道:

“既有今日,何必当初!”林黛玉听见这话,由

不得站住,回头道: “当初怎么样? 今日怎么

样?”宝玉叹道:“当初姑娘来了,那不是我陪

着顽笑?凭我心爱的,姑娘要,就拿去,我爱吃

的,听见姑娘也爱吃,连忙干干净净收着等姑

娘吃。一桌子吃饭,一床上睡觉。丫头们想不

到的,我怕姑娘生气，我替丫头们想到了。我

心里想着: 姊妹们从小儿长大, 亲也罢,热也

罢,和气到了儿,才见得比人好。如今谁承望

姑娘人大心大, 不把我放在眼睛里,倒把外

四路的什么宝姐姐凤姐姐的放在心坎儿上,

倒把我三日不理四日不见的。我又没个亲兄

弟亲姊妹.----虽然有两个，你难道不知道是

和我隔母的？我也和你似的独出，只怕同我

的心一样。谁知我是白操了这个心，弄的有

冤无处诉!”说着不觉滴下眼泪来。

杨宪益、戴乃迭译文

When Baoyu recovered sufficiently to look

up she had gone, obviously to avoid him.

Getting up rather sheepishly, he dusted off his

clothes and walked down the hill to make his

way back again to Happy Red Court. Catching

sight of Daiyu ahead, he overtook her.

“Do stop!” he begged.“I know you won’

t look at me, but let me just say one word.

After that we can part company for good.”

Daiyu glanced round and would have

ignored him, but was curious to hear this “one

word”, thinking there must be something in it.

She came to a halt.

“Out with it”

Baoyu smiled.

Would you listen if I said two words?” he

asked.

At once she walked away.

Baoyu, close behind her, sighed.

“Why are things so different now from in

the past?”

Against he will she stopped once more and

turned her head.

“What do you mean by ‘now’ and the

‘past’?”

Baoyu heaved another sigh.

“Wasn’t I your playmate when you first

came?” he demanded. “Anything that

pleased me was yours, cousin, for the asking.

If I knew you fancied a favorite dish of mine, I

put it away in a clean place till you came. We

ate at the same table and slept on the same bed.

I took care that the maids did nothing to upset

you; for I thought cousins growing up together

as such good friends should be kinder to each

other than anyone else. I never expected you to

grow so proud that now you have no use for

me while you’re so fond of outsiders like

Baochai and Xifeng. You ignore me or cut me

for three or four days at a time. I’ve no

brothers or sisters of my own--- only two by a

different mother, as well you know. So I’m an

only child like you, and I thought that would

make for an affinity between us. But

apparently it was no use my hoping for that.

There is nobody I can tell how unhappy I am.”

With that he broke down again.

大卫.霍克斯译文

By the time Baoyu’s weeping was over,

Daiyu was no longer there. He realized that

she must have seen him and have gone away

in order to avoid him. Feeling suddenly rather

foolish, he rose to his feet and brush the earth

from his clothes. Then he descended from the

rockery and began to retrace his steps in the

direction of Green Delights. Quite by

coincidence Daiyu was walking along the

same path a little way ahead.

“Stop a minute!” he cried, hurrying

forward to catch up with her. “I know you are

not taking any notice of me, but I only want to

ask you one simple question, and then you

need never have anything more to do with

me.”

Daiyu had turned back to see who it was.

When she saw that it was Baoyu still, she was

going to ignore him again; but hearing him say

that he only wanted to ask her one question,

she told him that he might do so.

Baoyu could not resist teasing her a little.

“How about two questions? Would you

wait for two?”

Daiyu set her face forwards and began

walking on again.

Baoyu sighed.

“If it has to be like this now,” he said, as if

to himself, “it’s a pity it eas ever like it was

in the beginning.”

Daiyu’s curiosity got the better of her. She

stopped walking and turned once more

towards him.

“Like what in the beginning?” She asked.

“And like what now？”

“Oh, the beginning!” said Baoyu. “In the

beginning, when you first came here, I was

your faithful companion in all your games.

Anything I had, even the thing most dear to

me, was yours for the asking. If there was

something to eat that I specially liked, I had

only to hear that you were fond of it too and I

would religiously hoard it away to share with

you when you got back, not daring even to

touch it until you came. We ate at the same

table. We slept in the same bed. I used to think

that because we were so close then, there

would be something special about our

relationship when we grew up --- that even if

we weren’t particularly affectionate, we

should at least have more understanding and

forbearance for each other than the rest. But

how wrong I was! Now that you have grown

up, you seem only to have grown more touchy.

You don’t seem to care about me any more at

all. You spend all your time brooding about

outsiders like Feng and Chai. I haven’t got

any real brothers and sisters left here now.

There are Huan and Tan, of course; but as you

know, they are only my half-brother and

half-sister; they aren’t my mother’s children.

I’m on my own, like you. I should have

thought we had so much in common---But

what’s the use? I try and try, but it gets

nowhere; and nobody knows or cares”

At this point---in spite of himself---he burst

into tears.

现在请大家欣赏曹雪芹的生花妙笔，然后

研习霍克斯的精彩妙译：

“从头看去，越看越爱，不顿饭时，已看了

好几出了。但觉词句警入，余香满口。一面

看了，只管出神，心内还默默记诵。”

"The more she read, the more she liked it, and

before very long she had read several acts, She

felt the power of the words and their lingering

fragrance. Long after she had finished reading.

When she had laid down the book and was

sitting there rapt and silent, the lines continued

to ring on in her head."

我们先欣赏第十一回，凤姐与尤氏谈论秦

可卿的病情：

“凤姐听了，眼圈儿红了一会子，方说道：'

天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，这点年纪，

倘或因这病上有个长短，人生在世，还有什

么趣儿呢！”

且欣赏英国名教授David Hawks （霍克

思）怎样运用灵心妙手，妥贴译成合乎惯用

法的地道英文：

"Xi feng's eyes became moist and for a

moment she was too overcome to speak. ' I

know "the weather and human life are both

unpredictable,"' she said at last,'but she's only

a child still. If anything should happen to her

as a result of this illness, I think all the fun

would go out of life!'"

我们现在来欣赏霍克思翻译的贾宝玉与

袭人的一段对话：

“宝玉听了这话，见她脸上气色非往日可比，

便笑道：‘怎么又动了气呢？’袭人冷笑道：

‘我那里敢动气呢？只是你从今别进这屋子

了。横竖有人服待你，再不必支使我，我仍

旧服侍老太太去。’”

"The expression on her face as she uttered

these words was angrier than he had ever seen

her look before. He laughed. "'Oh dear! Are

you in a rage again?" "Aroma laughed

mirthlessly. "'It's not for the likes of me to get

into rages, But I wish that from now on you

would stop coming into this room, After all,

you have got people to wait on you elsewhere .

You don't really need my services. I shall back

to serving Her Old Ladyship, like I used

before.'"

黛玉《咏海棠》

霍克斯非常喜欢林黛玉这个形象，他对林

黛玉的诗词翻译得极为出色。比如，《红楼

梦》书中，有一首林黛玉写的《咏海棠》。

黛玉的诗是这样的：

半卷湘帘半掩门，碾冰为土玉为盆。

偷来梨蕊三分白，借得梅花一缕魂。

月窟仙人缝缟袂，秋闺怨女拭啼痕。

娇羞默默同谁诉，倦倚西风夜已昏。

全诗之中没有“泪”字，但是通篇都是泪

意、泪情，字面上无“泪”，却无处不泪，这

是这首诗的巧妙绝伦之处，所以，颦儿的海

棠花，实际上是“海、棠、泣、 泪”，因为，

花即黛玉，因为她有梅花之魂，黛玉即花，

因为她有梨花之白，人花相望、相守、相诉，

有泪、有情、有娇羞，有西风，这是一副海

棠泣泪的诗意画 面。

中文七律诗变成了英文“一句话”

霍克斯翻译林黛玉的“咏海棠花”，倾注了

巨大的虔诚和才华，这个性情男人，竟然用

英语的一个句子，翻译了黛玉的整首诗，中

文的七律，变成了英文的“一句”诗，不仅中

国人闻所未闻，就是英国翻译界，也罕有如

此率性无羁的翻译先例。

Beside the half-raised blind, the half-closed

door,

Crushed ice for earth and white jade for

pot,

three parts of whiteness from the pear-tree

stolen,

One part from plum for scent(which pear

has not)-

Moon-maidens stitched them with white

silken thread,

And virgins' tears the new-made flowers

did spot,

Which now, like bashful maids that no

word say,

Lean languid on the breeze at close of

day.

一个完美的英文长句，竟然包涵了中国一

首绝妙的七律，以才华对撞才华，以虔诚敬

奉我们的绛珠仙子，这一段翻译，有情，有

意，中文七律本是两行泪，英文诗则 似是

泪水流淌，富有高度的形式美，一气呵成。

首先，译作以door、pot、no、spot为韵，s

ay和day为韵，虽然中文七律是一韵到底，

原诗用 盆、魂、痕、昏为韵，但英文诗只

有打油诗或喜剧中才会出现“一韵到底”，所

以，作为一首严肃的英文诗歌，还是要变韵

的，虽然，变韵了，但是say和 day，这两

个长元音构成了一种浑厚悠长，绕梁三日的

音韵效果，极为悠远、哀戚，特别符合林妹

妹在结尾坐困黄昏中的无限惆怅。所以，霍

克斯的英文译作，如 歌如诉，我们不妨轻

轻诵读，真是抑扬顿挫，节奏舒缓，直至结

尾，余韵袅袅、挥之不去。

译作不仅在音律方面不亚于原作，而且，

诗歌的形式也让人惊叹，大家看前面六行，

这是一组圆周句，形式工整，前六行，景物

一一扑面而来，峰回路转，柳暗花 明，极

具视觉冲击力，把原诗中的绚烂、美丽，在

饱满的诗潮跌宕中，淋漓尽致地铺陈出来，

前面是状语，主句在后面才豁然出现。

难得的是，霍克斯品到了颦儿的“泪”，懂

了颦儿的“泪”，译文中，以virgins' tears，画

龙点睛般地为西方读者传递了这首诗的诗

境，颦儿的这首诗，既咏物，又寄怀，花人

合一，而霍克斯注意到了不仅要把景物引介

给西方读者，还要把 景物背后所寄托的情

感，准确无误地传递给西方读者，他做到了，

他把中文七律变成英文“一句诗”，文胆滔天，

又能描物咏情，音律和艺术表现，臻于尽善

尽美。