2024年3月16日发(作者：)

2021年考研英语二阅读答案（26-30题 文都版）

Section II Reading Comprehension Part A

Why CEOs Actually Deserve Their Gazillion-Dollar Salaries

By Tyler Cowen

April 11, 2021

IDEAS

Cowen is Holbert L harris chair of economics at George Mason University and

the author most recently of Big Business: A Love Letter to an American Anti-Hero.

It is fashionable today to bash Big Business. And there is one issue on which

the many critics agree: CEO pay. We hear that CEOs are paid too much (or too

much relative to workers), or that they rig others' pay, or that their pay is

insufficiently related to positive outcomes. But the more likely truth is CEO pay is

largely caused by intense competition.

It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of

typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly

traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%.

The typical CEO of a top American corporation-from the 350 largest such

companies--now makes about $18.9 million a year.

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While individual cases of overpayment definitely exist, in general, the

determinants of CEO pay are not so mysterious and not so mired in corruption.

In fact, overall CEO compensation for the top companies rises pretty much in

lockstep with the value of those companies on the stock market.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay, though, is that of

limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are

growing rapidly. The efforts of America s highest-earning 1% have been one of the

more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one

reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game

relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.

Today's CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many more skills

than simply being able to run the company CEOs must have a good sense of

financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them. They

also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even

a minor slipup can be significant. then there s the fact that large American

companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread

across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires know ledge

that is fairly mind-boggling.

There is yet another trend: virtually all major American companies are

becoming tech companies, one way or another. An agribusiness company, for

instance, may focus on R&D in highly IT-intensive areas such as genome

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sequencing. Similarly, it is hard to do a good job running the Walt Disney

Company just by picking good movie scripts and courting stars; you also need to

build a firm capable of creating significant CGi products for animated movies at

the highest levels of technical sophistication and with many frontier innovations

along the way.

On top of all of this, major CEOs still have to do the job they have always

done--which includes motivating employees, serving as an internal role model,

helping to define and extend a corporate culture, understanding the internal

accounting and presenting budgets and business plans to the board. Good CEOs

are some of the world's most potent creators and have some of the very deepest

skills of understanding.

26. which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

A. The growth in the number of cooperations

B. The general pay rise with a better economy

C. Increased business opportunities for top firms

D. Close cooperation among leading economics

答案：C

ed with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.

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A. foster a stronger sense of teamwork

B. finance more reaserach and development

ish closer ties with tech companies

e more globalized companies

答案：D

28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.

ual internal opposition

B. strict corporate governance

vative business strategies

ed governance warnings

答案：A

CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.

m the status of CEOs

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inside candidates

the efficiency of CEOs

se corporate value

答案：B

most suitable title for this text would be ___.

Are Not Overpaid

B. CEO Pay : Past and Present

' Challenges of Today

Traits: Not Easy to Define

答案：A

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