2024年1月24日发(作者：)

2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who

sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive . You should write at least120 words but no more than

180 ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,ndofeachconversation,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecons1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Two.B)Three.C)Four.D)Five.2.A)Hecalledthepoliceaftertheaccident.B)Hebrokehisarmintheaccident.C)Hewascaughttakingdrugs.D)ons3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Acuretobraincancer.B)Anewsurgicalinstrument.C)Apenthatcanidentifycanceroustissue.D)Anewdrugthatcaneliminatecanceroustissue.4.A)Findingtheborderbetweenthecancerousandnormaltissue.B)Identifyingtheaccuracyrateofthenewdevice.C)Improvingtheirspeedofremovingatumour.D)ons5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Tocollectscientificdataonit.C)Totakephotosofthestormonit.B)Tomonitorthestormonit.D)Toinvestigateitsenvironment.6.A)Ithaslastedfornearly350years.B)Ithaslastedformorethat350months.C)Itseemstobegettingsmaller.D)Itseemstobegettinglarger.7.A)Whatinitiallycausedthestorm.C)Whatistheimpactofthestorm.B)Whatisunderneaththestorm.D)nBDirections：Inthissection,ndofeachconversation,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.第 1 页

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)It’sfordisabledadults.B)It’sinasportscentre.C)It’srewardingandchallenging.D)It’scompulsiveinhercommunity.9.A)Theskillstheyneed.B)Theproductstheyhave.C)Themarkettheytarget.D)Thelanguagetheyrequire.10.A)Diversifymarketsandsalesstrategies.B)Reducecostsandjobs.C)Learnfromothercompanies.D)Listentotheopinionsofexperts.11.A)Thesalaryandtheworkload.B)Theofficehourandthepenaltysystem.C)Thewelfareandtheholidaysystem.D)ons12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Double-deckerbuses.B)ThetrafficinLondon.C)Busroutes.D)TravelsinBritain.13.A)Ithasnowindows.B)Peoplegetontoitatthefront.C)Ithastwocarriages.D)Itisopenattheback.14.A)Uncomfortable.B)Noisy.C)Dangerous.D)Shabby.15.A)Bendybusescanhelpreducethetrafficjam.B)Bendybusesaremoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C)Bendybusesareconvenientforpeopleinwheelchairs.D)nCDirections:Inthissection,ndofeachpassage,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecons16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhadfourtoes.B)Theywerenotasbigasdogs.C)TheylivedinSouthAmerica.D)Theylivedinthickforests.17.A)Theyhadlonglegsandalongtail.B)Theyweresmallerandhadfronteyes.C)Theybegantoeatgrassaswellasfruit.D)Theywerebiggerandhadlonglegs.18.A)TheyevolvedintodonkeysinAsiaandAfrica.B)TheyusedtheirlonglegstorunsouthtoSouthAfrica.C)TheybegantoeatapplesontheNorthAmericanplains.D)ons19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Beingrejectedbyfriendsandteachers.B)Stayingawayfromhisnativeland.第 2 页

C)Adaptingtonewstudyexpectations.D)Keepingabalancebetweenstudyandjob.20.A)Talkingwitholderbrothersorsisters.C)Startingaconversationwithclosefriends.B)Havingacasualtalkwithacollegestudent.D)Playingwithfriendsonthesamesportsteam.21.A)Followtraditionsofwithacollegestudent.C)Respectthecustomsofdifferentcolleges.B)Takepartinasmanyactivitiesaspossible.D)Takeothers’ons22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theytendtoharmwildlife.C)Theyarethrownawayeverywhere.B)Theyarehardlyrecyclable.D)Theyaremadefromuselessmaterials.23.A)Itisfatal.B)Itisweird.C)Itisveryserious.D)Itiscomplicated.24.A)Theseacreaturesthathavetakeninthenareconsumedbyhumans.B)Theocean’secologyhasbeenpollutedandaffectedhumans.C)Humanseattheseabirdsthathaveswallowedplasticparticles.D)Humansconsumethefishthathaveeatenseacreatureswiththem.25.A)Itsusehasbeendrasticallyreduced.C)Mostproductsusenaturalmaterials.B)Itisstillanindispensablematerial.D)ⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,requiredtoselectonewordfomarkthecorrespondinoftheplanet’slandisseverelydegradedandfertilesoilisbeinglostattherateof24bntonnesayear,accordingtoanewUnitedNations-backedstudythatcallsforashiftawayfromdestructivelyintensiveagriculture,Thealarming____26____,whichisforecasttocontinueasdemandforfoodandproductivelandincreases,willasstotherisksofconflictsunless____27____actionsareimplemented,warnstheinstitutionbehindthereport.“Asthereadysupplyofhealthyandproductivelanddriesupandthepopulationgrows,competitionis___28___forlandwithincountriesandglobally,”saidexecutivesecretaryoftheUNConventiontoCombatDesertification(UNCCD)atthelaunchoftheGlobalLandOutlook.“To___29____thelosses,theoutlooksuggestsitisinallourintereststostepbackandrethinkhowwearemanagingthepressuresandthecompetition.”TheGlobalLandOutlookis____30____asthemostcomprehensivestudyofitstype,mappingtheinterlinkedimpactsofurbanization,climatechange,biggestfactoristhe___31___illing,multipleharvestsans___32____useofagrochemicalshaveincreasedyieldsatthe____33____ast20years,agriculturalproductionhasincreasedthreefoldandtheamountofirrigatedlandhasdoubled,notesapaperintheoutlookbytheJointResearchCentre(JRC)me,however,this___34___fertilityandcanleadtoabandonmentoflandand___35___desertification.第 3 页

A)absorbB)abundantC)billedD)declineE)diminishesF)expansionG)expenseH)intensifyingI)limitedJ)minimizeK)occasionallyL)optimizesM)rateN)remedialO)ultimatelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,izetoNoOne[A]InthepasttwoweeksI’vetakenthreenapsatwork,n’tfeelbetteraboutit,andmyproductivityreflectsit,too.[B]Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe’herestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails,surelyitmustmeanthey’reslackingoff(偷懒).Orsotheassumptiongoes.[C]Restfulnessandrecha’seasiertostayonavirtualhamster(仓鼠)wheelofactivitybyimmediatelyrespondingtoeveryemaiowingfieldofoccupationalandpsychologicalresearchisbuildingthecaseforrestfulnessinpursuitofgreaterproductivity.[D]Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday,saidJoshBersin,PrincipalandFounderofBersinbyDeloitte.“They’rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem,andtheycan’tjustsaytopeople,‘Here’sawork-lifebalancecourse,goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,’”said.“It’swaymorecomplicatedthanthat.”[E]Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,chhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.[F]Inanidealworld,we’dallsolvethisproblembyunpluggingearlyandgettingagoodnight’’nextbestthingisstealingawayforaquickpowernapwhenyou’redraggingafterlunch.[G]InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,researcherstestmancedeterioratedwitheachtest,butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance,andthosewhotooka60-minutenapevenreversedit.[H]“Napshadthesamemagnitudeofbenefitsasfullnightsofsleepiftheyhadaqualityofnap.”saidSaraMednick,aco-authorofthestudyandassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside.[I]k,asleepresearcherandtheauthorofTakeaNap!ChangeYourLife,saiddaytimenappingcanhavemanyofthebenefitsofovernightsleep,anddifferenttypesofnapsofferspecificbenefits.[J]Forexample,ksaida20-to60-minuten’sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep,ornon-rapideyemovement(R.E.M.)sleep.[K]After60minutes,,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,animprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociative第 4 页

thinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,that,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.[L]Anynap,however,canhelpwithalertnessandperceptionandcutthroughthegeneralfogthatcreepsinduringtheday,expertssaid.[M]Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied(紧密相连)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.[N]“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,”said.“Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe’inkthey’vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem,anditisaffectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings.”[O]Itisn’tjustofficeworkerswhocanbenefitfromanafternoonsiesta(午睡).A2015studypublishedinCurrentBiologylookedattheatthesleepinghabitsofthreehunter-gathererpreindustrialsocietiesinTanzania,NamibiaandBolivia.[P]“They’reactiveinthemorning,thentheygetintheshadeunderthetreesandhaveasortofquiettime,butthey’renotgenerallynapping,”saidJeromeSiegel,professorofpsychiatryandbiobehavioralsciences,forSleepResearch,aco-authorofthestudy.“Thentheydosomeworkandgotosleep,andtheysleepthroughthenight.”[Q]Still,said,“theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight’ssleep.”TherealHolyGrailofrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight,whichexpertssayisoptimal.[R]“Daytimenappingcertainlydoesincreasealertness,”said.“Butit’snotassimpleasgoingtothegasstationandfillingthetank.”[S]Healsoadvisesavoidingcaffeinelateinthedayandwakingaroundthesametimeeverymorning,evenifyoucan’tgettosleepatthesametimeeverynight,Thishelpsacclimate(使适应)yourbodytoyourregularwake-uptime,regardlessofhowmuchsleepyougotthenightbefore.[T]Soifyou’vemadeitthisfarandyou’reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsatry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here’saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon’akeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeepintheoffice).gerthanthatandyou’relikelytowakeupwithsleepinertia(睡眠惰性)，whichwillleaveyouevengroggier(头脑昏沉的)ipants’perceptualperformancebecamebetterSiegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythrentiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/anapatworkisnormallyren20to60minutes,peoplecangetintoncandozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovehor’stipsontakingaperfectnapinvolvesleepingplace,environmentandduration.第 5 页

horbelievesbusinessleadersareawarethatavailabilityatanytimeduetotechnologyhasnegativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople’imallengthofanarsinmentionedthecauseofcompanies’bigproductivityproblemsandthesolutionwhichneedsmorethatjustemployees’nCDirections:hofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthec’sastrangesortofhate,similartothehatredofLondonersfortheNorthernLine,orNewYorkersfortouristswhowalktooslowly:thedislikeisreal,yetifthedespisedthingweretovanish,it’searchersprobedintowhypeopleputupwiththestrainthatmeetingsplaceontheirtimeandsanity,theyfoundsomething-thosewhoresentanddreadmeetingsthemoatalsodefendthemasa“necessaryevil”,,researchsuggeststhatmeetingstakeupvastlymoreoftheaveragemanager’,donebadly,they’reassociatedwithlowerlevelsofinnovationandemployeewellbeing(幸福).Butthat’sjustofficelife,right?It’’ying(引起)thisattitudeisanassumptionthat’sdrummedintousnotjustasworkersbutaschildren,parentsandromanticpartners;estionsaboundfor(大量存在)communicatingbetterinmeetings-forexample,holdthemstandingup,nwhensomecompaniesconsiderabolishingmeetingsentirely,theprinciplethatmorecommunicationisbetterisn’hing,it’sreinforcedwhensuchfirmsintroduce“flat”managementstructures,withbossesalwaysavailabletoeveryone,,constanway,onceyougiveitthreeseconds’thought,isn’titcleatthatmorecommunicationfrequentlyisn’tagoodthing?Often,thedifferencebetweenasuccessfulmarriageanda,it’ssurelymanymorethanfour,thoughforadifferentreason;officecommunicationcomesatthecostofpreciselythekindoffocusthat’’resoaccustomedtoseeingtalkingasasourceofsolutions-forresolvingconflictsorfindingnewideas-thatit’estheauthorsayaboutmeetings?A)LondonershatethemaswellastheNorthernLine.B)Theycanhelptokeepworkers’physicalandspiritualhealth.C)Workersmightbereluctanttogiveupthemcompletely.D)dresearchersfindaboutpeople’sattitudetowardsmeeting?ttitudeandbehaviorareparadoxical.B)Peoplewhohatemeetingsthemostareseniorinsane.C)Thosewholikemeetingsmightbeconsideredinsane.D)eoplethinkthatmorecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing?A)Becausetheconceptisfirmlybelievedbyworkers.B)Becauseeveryonelovestocommunicatewithothers.C)Becausetheideahasbeeninstilledintopeople’smind.第 6 页

D)estheauthorthinkofthe“flat”managementstructure?A)Itforcesbossestofrequentlycontacttheiremployees.B)Ithelpstosoftenemployees’bottomlineofwork.C)Itisdefinitelyadisastertoemployees’jobsatisfaction.D)Itstrengthenspeople’theauthor’sargumentaboutofficecommunication?A)Itisaneffectivewaytosolveofficeconflicts.B)Itaffectsworkefficiencyinanegativeway.C)Itshouldcometoahaltatintervals.D)formationrevolutionhascreatedtremendousbusinessopportunitiesforonlinepublishers,butnotallofthemmaintainproperqualitd,manypublishersaimsimplytomakemoneybywhatevermeanspossible,lfishpublisherssetupshopsonline,theprimarygoalistopublishasmuchaspossible,respect,manypublishersstartnumerousonlinejournalsfocusedonoverlapping(重叠的)disciplines—toincreasetheirtotalnumberofpublishedpapers—andhireyoungbusincases,onlinepublishersevengiveuppeerreview,whilestillpresentingthemselvesasscientificjournals—deceptiondesigishersstructuretheirbusinesstomakemorerevenue,blishersstartjournalswithoverlappingdomains,incombinationwiththepressuretopublishmorestudies,thier,publisherswithmultipleoverlappingjournalsandjournalswithverynarrowspecialties(专业)efactthatreviewersaregenerallynotcompensatedfortheirtimeandeffort,journaleditorsareoftenunaovethesituationandincreasethetrustinscientificcommunity,gandpromotiondecisionsshouldnotbebasedonthenumberofpublications,butonthequalityofthosepublicationsandaresearcher’t’additionalmechanisms,suchasBeall’slistofpredatory(掠夺的)publishers,tion,thepriceforonlinepublicationmustbecontrolledandestheauthorthinkofonlinepublishers?A)Asmallproportionofthemcanguaranteetheirpublishingquality.B)Theyhavelotsofopportunitiestorenovatetheirbusinessmodels.C)Manyofthemtendtotryeverymeanstomakeabuck.D)einferredfromthesecondparagraphthat______.A)peerreviewgenerallyisacriteriontoidentifyacademicjournalsB)researchersfocustheirresearchonthecombinationofdisciplinesC)scientistscareabouttheirpublicationsratherthanresearchD)youngbusinessmanagersarewillingtofacenewchallenges第 7 页

’tpublishersfindenoughreviewerstoreviewpapers?A)Reviewersarepressedfortimewhenreviewingarticles.B)Reviewers’gainscan’tmakeupforwhattheyhavedone.C)Publishersmaycompelreviewerstoacceptmarginalarticles.D)theauthor’ssuggestionforonlinepublication?A)Moreweightshouldbeputonthequantityofpublications.B)Itisworthwhiletorewarddiligentreviewersfortheireffort.C)Fakejournalsshouldbereportedtoaregulatoryorganization.D)themainideaofthispassage?A)Onlinepublishersshouldtakemeasurestofightagainstfakescientificjournals.B)Onlinepublishersarepursuingtheirworkefficiencyatthecostofquality.C)Onlinepublishersbusinessmodelsarequitelikelytoharmtheirpublications.D)OnlineⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,uldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。美国小孩能从圣诞老人哪里获得圣诞礼物，而中国小孩则能从长辈哪里得到“压岁钱（luckymoney）”，这也是每个孩子过节时都热切期盼的礼物。“压岁钱”是长辈送给孩子的护身符（amulet），表达了长辈对孩子的美好祝福，据说可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年。“压岁钱”可在晚辈磕头拜年后当众赏给，也可在除夕夜孩子睡着时，家长偷偷地放在孩子的枕头底下。第 8 页

2021年12月四级考试预测押题卷（一）——答案解析PartI高分范文DearTinny,①I’mverygheadviceonhowtomakeyourresumedistinctive,Iwilltrytomakesomepracticalsuggestions.②Tobeginwith,③justasthesayinggoes,“Honestyisthebestpolicy.”Soisitwhencomingtopreparingforyourresume,asnoemployerwantsaliarworkinginhiscompany.④Tocontinue,yourresumeshouldbeconcise,presentingpersonalinformation,’tdressupyourresumeasifitwereabookorpartofabook,becausenoonewantstoscanthroughpagesoflong-windedcharacters.⑤Lastbutnotleast,itisoftenworthwhiletoprepareseveraldifferentresumesstressingdifferentaspectsofyourselfsoastomakethemparticularfordifferentjobsthatyou’reseeking.⑥Ibelieveyouwilltakemyadvielyyours,Annie2Writing精彩点评总结来信内容，概述问题，引出自己的建议。②④⑤使用Tobeginwith,Tocontinue,Lastbutnotleast引出三条不同的建议，层次分明。③恰当引用谚语，增加文采。⑥表达希望和祝福。加分亮点concise简明的，简洁的dressup盛装打扮，修饰scanthrough浏览，粗略地看long-winded冗长的stress强调，着重take…intoaccount考虑到……，把……考虑进去PartIISectionAListeningComprehensionNewsReportOnA16-year-oldboywasarrestedafterthecarhewasdrivingploughedintothewallofahouse,serinagerwasconfinedafterthevehicle,believedtohavebeenstolen,veeredontothepavementinLongsight,Manchester.(1)Agroupoffourls,bothaged16,seriouslyinjuredteenagersweretakentotheManchesterRoyalInfirmary,withonesufferingabrokenarmandtheotherafracturedhip.(2)Policewerecalledtothesceneanda16-year-oldwasarrestedonsuspicionofthdeyewitnessesreportedhearinga“loudbang”ypeoplewereinjuredinthecaraccident?B)nwelearnabouttheboy?D)NewsReportTwo(3)Ahandhelddevicecanidentifycanceroustissuein10seconds,yitcouldmakesurgerytoremoveatumourquicker,uggestthetechnologyisaccurate96%uriousdrivetogrowandspreadmeanstheirinternalchemistryisverydifferenttothatofhealthytissue.(4)Thechalletumoursitisobvious,butoolittletissue,andanyremainingcancerouscellswillgrowintoanothertumour.第 1 页

Buttaketoomuch,andyoucancausedamage,berlin,anassistantprofessorofchemistryattheUniversityofTexas,Austin,said:“What’liselegantandsimpleandcanbeinthehandsofsurgeonsinashorttime.”thisnewsreportmainlyabout?C)allengedosurgeonsface?A)NewsReportThreeFornearly200years,ek,picturesoftheplanetshowdarkcloudsmovingaround,andthrough,retheclosestimageshumanshaveeverseenofthespotonthegiantgasplanet.(5)America’sspaceagencyNASAsenttheJunospacecrafttoJupitertogatherscientificdataonthesolarsystem’ayJunoflewovertheGiantRedSpot,bservedin1830,scientiststhinkitmaybemorethan350yearsold.(6)Thestormmeasures16,said,“itwilltaketimeforthescientiststoprocesstheinformationJunoissendingbacktoEarth.(7)NASAhopestheinformationwillalsotellthemwhatisunderneaththestorm.”JunowaslaunchedonAugust5,cecraftwillcontinNASAsendtheJunospacecrafttoJupiter?A)esthespeakersayaboutthestormonJupiter?C)esNASAwanttoknowfromtheinformationJunoissendingback?B)SectionBConversationOneM:Hi,Sarah!I’eonthephone.W:Ohyes,Iremember.M:(8-1)ItsaysonyourCVthatyoudovoluntarywork.W:(8-2)Well,whenIhavetime,yes!Idoworkatacentreforchildrenwithdifficulties.M:Thatmustbeveryinteresting.W:(8-3)It’srewardingandchallenging.M:Sarah,canyoutellusalittlebitaboutyourcurrentposition?W:I’massistantsalesdirectorforachainoflanguageschools.M:(9-1)Sothispostwouldbequiteachangethen.W:(9-2)Idon’tthinksohonestly,becausetheskillsarethesame,despitetheproduct.M:Whyareyouthinkingofmovingon?W:Well,I’vecomeasfarasIcaninmycurrentposition,Ifeel,andI’m28nowandwouldlovetotakeonsomemoreresponsibilities.M:(10-1)Howwouldyoudealwitharapidlychanginganduncertainglobalmarket?W:(10-2)OK,that’sactuallysomethingIwantedtotalkaboutinmypresentation…butI’dsaytostayflexibleandtodiversifymarketsandsalesstrategies.M:Ok,canyoutellusaboutatimeyouclosedaparticularlychallengingdeal?W:Well,thebiggestcontractIwonwaswithalargeuniversityinIndia,tractwasfulloftechnicalitiesandtheclientwasverypicky!ButIstillpulleditoff.M:(11-1)aveanyquestionsforus?W:(11-2)’nderingwhetheryouareplanningtoreduceyourcarbonfootprintandwhetherallyourproductsareethicallysourced?第 2 页

M:That’saverygoodquestion,andthat’ssomethingwe’esthewomansayabouthervoluntarywork?C)differentbetweenthewoman’scurrentjobandthepostsheisapplyingfor?B)ouldtheydowhenfacinganuncertainglobalmarketaccordingtothewoman?A)esthewomanconcernaboutthispost?D)ConversationTwoM:Hello,everyone.(12-1)TodaywehaveLindaForbusfromtheDepartmentofTransport,andsheisheretotalkaboutatypicallyBritishwaytotravel.W:(12-2)Ah,’sonabus—or,tobeexact,-deckerbusesarebusesthathavetwolevels—theminothercountriestoo,butforlotsofpeopleareddouble-deckerbusisatypicalLondonsight.M:Actually,ifyouthinkaboutaredLondonbus,(13)you’reprobablyththat’sopenattheback.W:That’ontothebusattheback—thereisn’tadoor;itisopen.M:Andyoucanjustjumponoroffthebus.(14)Bitdangerous.W:Yeah,,infact,wedon’treallyhavethattypicalreddouble-deckerRoutemasterbusanymore.M:Yeah,wedo—Isawonethismorning.W:Well,wedostillhavethemononeortwobusroutesrightinthecentreofLondonbutIthinkthat’ssortofatouristthing,’restillred—ortheverylongsingle-deckerbuses—theoneswecallbendybuses.M:Oh,yeah,Idon’tlikethosebendybuses.W:(15)Butthey’remucheasiertogetonforpeoplewheelchairs,ormumswithbabiesinpushchairsoroldpeoplewhocan’soneofthemainreasonsthattheystoppedusingtheRoutemasterbuses.M:Ohright,Ididn’tknowthat.W:Sopeopleliketoseetheold-fashionedRoutemasterbusesandtouristsliketoseethemtoo,butit’sprobablybettertotravelonthenewbuses—they’ethespeakerstalkingabout?A)specialabouttheRoutemaster?D)esthemanthinkoftheToutemaster?C)sthemainreasonthatbendybusesreplacedtheRoutemaster?C)SectionCPassageOneWhenmammalsfirstbegantogrowlarger,someofthemevolvedintotheearliestancestorsofhorses.(16)dthreetoes,livedinjunglesandatefruit.(17)Around20millionyearsago,orseshadonebigtoeandsmallersidetoes,rebigger,andtheyhadtheireyesonthesideoftheirheads,t17millionyearsago,rthAmericanplainshorses5millionyearsago,themranacrosstheSiberianlandbridgetoCentralAsia,wheretheymusthavebeenhappytofindthousandsofmilesofgrasslandthattheycouldliveon.(18)SomeoftheseAsianhorsesslowlyspreadsouthacrossAsiaandAfrica,stayedontheCentralAsianplains,mearound10,000BC,lythiswas第 3 页

ralAsia,however,horsescontinuedtothrive,andpeopletamedthemabout4,nwelearnabouttheearliestancestorsofhorses?D)ethecharacteristicsofhorsesabout20millionyearsagoincentralNorthAmerica?D)esthespeakersayaboutsomeAsianhorses?A)PassageTwoCollegeisanexcitingword,onthsofendlessapplications,emotionalacceptancesandrejections,anddifficultdecisions,you’refinallyreadytopackyourbagsandgo.(19)Asyourdeparturedatedrawscloser,you’’llhavetomakenewfriends,adjusttonewacademicexpectationsandlearnhowtoliveawayfromhome.(20-1)Whenyou’renervousaboutsomething,thebestwaytofeelbetteristotalktosomeonewho’atterwhereyoulive,youdon’thaveclosefriendswhoareincollege,mple,friendsofyourolderbrothersorsisters,peoplewhowereintheschoolmusicalsocietywithyouorplayedonthesamesportsteam,etc.(20-2)Ifyouworkasummerjob,’sseeifyoucanstartupaconversationwiththemwhileyou’tudentsareyourmostreliableresourceforwhatcollegeisreallylike,fromschoolworktoclubstodiningtoparties.(21)Remember,though,thateverycollegeisdifferent,andthattraditionsandcustomsatyourfriends’schoolswon’causeyourfriend’sentireschoolparticipatesinanakedmidnightrundoesn’tmeanyou’llhavetodothesame!ghtoneworryaboutbeforegoingtocollege?C)nonedotoreducenervousnessbeforegoingtocollege?B)esthespeakersuggestintheend?D)PassageThreeHowmanyplasticcarrierbagshaveyougotinyourhouse?Theshoppingbagisjustoneexampleofthemillionthingsweusemadefromthisusefulmaterial—plastic.(22)Butunfortunately,it’snooureverydayplasticitemsblowaway,causingdamagetothenaturalenvironmentandharmingwildlife.(23)describedhowremoteislandsactasasinkfortheworld’comeeofthedurablenatureofplastic,itstaystherecausinggreatdamagetotheocean’herrecentworldwideresearchestimatesthat90%sestill,thisplasticisbrokendownintotinyparticlesoveralongperiodbythewindandthewaves.(24)lcountriesnowchargeforusingplasticcarrierbags,oductsnowusenaturalandrecyclablematerials.(25)Butitseemsinevitablethatimeyoupickupacarrierbag,orbuyaplasticbottleofwater,youdotohelptheenvironment?therootcauseofplasticitemscausingenvironmentalproblems?B)esthespeakersayabouttheproblemofplasticitemsinoceans?C)tinyplasticparticlestakeninbyhumans?D)nwelearnaboutplasticfromthepassage?B)第 4 页

PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionA选项归类名词：D）decline减少，削减；F）expansion增加，扩张；G）expense花费，代价；M）rate比率，费用动词：A）absorb吸收；理解；C）billed给……开账单；宣传；D）decline降低，减少；E）diminishes降低，削弱；H）intensifying（使）增强，（使）加剧；I）limited限制，规定；J）minimize最小化，把……降至最低；L）optimizes使最优化，使尽可能有效；M）rate评价，认为……非常好形容词：B）abundant充裕的，丰富的；I）limited有限的，有限责任的；N）remedial补救的纠正的副词：K）occasionally偶然，有时候；O）ultimately最后，最终详解详析：26.答案：D）decline。详解：空格前是形容词alarming，且分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，此外由修饰该主语的定语从句中的谓语is可知，此处应该填入一个单数名词或不可数名词作主语。上文提到了土地的严重退化和肥沃土壤的严重流失，故此处说的应该是土地数量的减少令人担忧，故D）decline“降低，减少”为本题答案。27.答案：N）remedial。详解：空格处于unless引导的条件状语从句中，空格后是名词actions，因此应填入一个形容词修饰从句的主语actions。上文提到，随着对食物和多产土地需求的增加，这一令人担忧的土地数量的减少将会增加冲突。根据语境可推测，为避免这种风险，就应采取相应的补救措施，因此N）remedial“补救的，纠正的”为本题答案。28.答案：H）intensifying。详解：空格前是系动词is，分析句子结构可知，空格处可以填入形容词作is的表语，也可以填入动词的分词形式与is一起构成句子的谓语。上文提到，健康、多产的土地供应枯竭，而人口在不断增长，这就势必会导致各国乃至全球对土地的竞争日趋激烈，因此H）intensifying“（使）增强，（使）加剧”为本题答案。29.答案：J）minimize。详解：分析句子结构可知，本句话句子结构完整，再由句首的To不难得出空格所在部分是一个目的状语，故空格处应填入动词原形。上文提到了健康、多产的土地日益减少以及各国乃至全球对土地的竞争愈加激烈，下午提到我们应该后退一步，重新思考如何处理这些压力和竞争。根据语境推测，我们这么做的目的是将上文提到的激烈竞争带来的损失最小化，故J）minimize“最小化，把……减至最低”为本题答案。30.答案：C）billed。详解：空格前是is，因此空格处应填入动词的分词形式与is一起构成句子谓语，或填入形容词作is的表语。此外，无论填入形容词还是动词，都应该能与as搭配使用。空格后提到，该报告描绘了城市化、气候变化、水土流失和森林损失之间的相互关联，因此该报告被认为是对土地情况最全面的研究。Bill..as…是固定搭配，意为“把……宣传为……”，故C）billed为答案。31.答案：F）expansion。详解：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，因此空格处应填入名词。此处介绍的是导致健康、多产的提低减少的因素，又根据下文提到的重耕多收和大量使用农业化学品可知，此处应该指机械化农业的扩张，故F）expansion“增加，扩张”为本题答案。32.答案：B）abundant。详解：空格后是名词use，且分析句子结构可知，and连接三个并列的名词性短语，因此空格处应填入形容词修饰use，且该形容词应与Heavy和multiple语义场一致。空格所在句的意思是：三个因素都增加了农业产量，此处指的应是大量使用农业化学品，故B）abundant“充裕的，丰富的”为本题答案。33.答案：G）expense。详解：空格前是定冠词the，空格后是介词of，因此空格处应填入名词，构成“atthe+名词+of”短语。上文提到，健康、多产的土地大量流失，此处说的是重耕多收以及大量使用农用化学品都增加了农业产量，而这是以我们失去土地长期可持续性发展为代价的，因此G）expense“花费，代价”为本题答案。34.答案：E）diminishes。第 5 页

详解：分析句子结构可知，空格所在句子缺少谓语，因此应填入动词，且根据主语this及本文时态现在时可知，该谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。上文提到，机械化农业的扩张导致土地失去可持续发展的能力，再结合下文中的土地被撂荒可知，此处说的是随着时间的推移，土地生产力下降了，故E）diminishes“降低，削弱”为本题答案。35.答案：O）ultimately。详解：分析句子结构可知，本句句子成分完整，因此空格处所填词应作句子的状语，故应填入副词。上文提到，随着时间的推移，土地生产力下降，这会导致土地被撂荒并最终土地沙漠化，因此O)ultimately“最后，最终”为本题答案。SectionB语篇分析A)段通过介绍作者自己工作时睡觉的经历，引出其好处。本文主要分析了工作时小睡的好处，并在如何保证完美小睡方面提出了一些建议。B)~L)段指出工作时小睡通常被视为偷懒行为，但相关研究表明工作时小睡能提高工作效率，并以乔希·博森的观点和萨拉·梅德尼克博士的研究为例证明小睡有好处。M)~N)段分析了人们长时间精神高度集中工作的原因。O)~S)段以杰罗姆·西格尔的实验为例说明白天小睡虽然有好处，但整晚的好觉才是解决白天困乏的唯一方法。T)段介绍了作者关于实行完美小睡的建议。详解详析：ipants’perceptualperformancebecamebetteraftersleepingonehourbetweentestsinanarticleinNatureNeuroscience.译文：在《自然神经科学》中的一篇文章提到，实验对象在测试之间睡了一个小时之后，他们的感知力变好了。定位：由题干中的perceptualperformance和NatureNeuroscience定位到原文G）处。[G]InastudypublishedinNatureNeuroscience,researcherstestmancedeterioratedwitheachtest,butsubjectswhotooka30-minutenapbetweentestsstoppedthedeteriorationinperformance,andthosewhotooka60-minutenapevenreversedit.详解：G）段提到，发表在《自然神经科学》上的研究表明，感知力随着每一次测试而逐渐变差，但在测试之间小睡30分钟的实验对象的感知力停止了恶化，那些睡了60分钟的人的感知力甚至发生了逆转。该段中but之后有两个并列句，分别介绍了两组人的实验结果。由此可知，那些睡了60分钟的人的感知力发生了逆转，也就是睡了60分钟的实验对象的感知力变好了。题干中的Participants和becamebetter分别是定位句中subjects和reversed的同义转述，故G）为答案。Siegelfoundthatonlybysleepingsoundlythroughthepreviousnightcouldpeopletackletheirwearinessduringtheday.译文：杰罗姆·西格尔发现，只有通过前一天晚上一整晚的熟睡，人们才能解决其白天的困乏。定位：由题干中的JeromeSiegel和thepreviousnight定位到原文Q）段画线处。[Q]Still,said,“theonlygenuinewaytosolvedaytimesleepinessandfatiguestartsthenightbeforewithasolidnight’ssleep.”TherealHolyGrailofrestfulnessisaregularsleepschedulewithideallysevenoreighthoursofsleepeachnight,whichexpertssayisoptimal.详解：Q）段定位句提到，西格尔显示表示，解决白天困乏的唯一真正办法始于前一天晚上一整晚的安稳睡眠。题干中的sleepingsoundly和tackletheirwearinessduringtheday分别对应定位句中的asolidnight’ssleep和solvedaytimesleepinessandfatigue,故Q）为答案。entiscloselyboundtoworkingwithconcentrationforlongperiodsoftimebecausetechnologymakesusaccessible24/7.译文：我们的天资被牢牢地捆绑在长时间的专注工作上，因为科技让我们每周7天、每天24小时可以被联系到。[M]Sohowdidweevenarriveatthispointwhereaptitudeisinextricablytied(紧密相连)toworkinglong,concentratedhours?Blametechnology,butthinkbroaderthansmartphonesandlaptops;therealissueisthattechhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes.第 6 页

定位：由题干中的concentration，technology和24/7定位到原文M)段。详解：M)段定位句提到，那么，我们是如何走到这一步的——天资被牢牢地捆绑在长时间且精神高度集中的工作上？得怪科技，但不要只联想到智能手机和手提电脑；真正的问题是科技已让我们随时能被联系到。题干中的talent和accessible分别是定位句中aptitude和available的同义转述。由此可知，题干是对该段的概括总结，故M）为答案。anapatworkisnormallyregardedaslazinessthatshouldbeheldincontemptandavoidedinworkplace.译文：工作时间睡觉通常被视为偷懒，该行为会遭到鄙视，应该避免在职场发生。定位：由题干中的Takinganapatwork和workplace定位到原文B）段画线处。[B]Sleepingonthejobisoneofthoseworkplacetaboos-likeleavingyourdeskforlunchortakinganafternoonwalk-thatwe’herestofusfuriouslywritememosandrespondtoemails,surelyitmustmeanthey’reslackingoff(偷懒).Orsotheassumptiongoes.详解：B）段定位句表明，工作时间睡觉是职场禁忌之一——就像离开你的办公桌去吃午饭或者下午散个步一样——都是我们被教导要鄙视的行为。如果有人在下午两点钟睡了一个午觉而我们其他人却在疯狂地写备忘录和回复邮件，毫无疑问，这肯定意味着那些睡午觉的人在偷懒。题干中的laziness对应定位句中的slackingoff；题干中的heldincontempt是对定位句中的lookdownon的同义转述，故B）为答案。n20to60minutes,peoplecangetintonk.译文：根据梅德尼克博士的说法，在20到60分钟之间，人们能够进入非快速眼动睡眠，该阶段能提高记忆力和学习能力。定位：由题干中的20to60minutes,non-REMsleep和k定位到原文J)段。[J]Forexample,ksaida20-to60-minuten’sjustlongenoughtoenterstage-twosleep,ornon-rapideyemovement(R.E.M.)sleep.详解：定位段指出，梅德尼克博士说，一次20到60分钟的睡眠可能有助于记忆和学习特定信息。这种睡眠时间刚好长到足以进入第二阶段的睡眠，或者说非快速眼动睡眠。题干中的improvememoryandlearningability与定位句中的helpwithmemorizationandlearningspecificbitsofinformation相对应。题干是对该段的概括总结，故J)为答案。candozeoffatlunchandcoffeebreaksanddefendedthemselvesbysayingtheirimprovedproductivityandalertnesswhenbossesinvestigatedtheirwhereabouts.译文：人们可以在吃午饭和喝咖啡的期间打个盹儿，并且在老板追究去向时为自己申辩说工作效率和机敏性都有所提高。定位：由题干中的coffeebreaks，improvedproductivityandalertness和bosses定位到原文E)段画线处。[E]Tobesure,theabilitytonapatworkisfarfromwidespread,chhoursandcoffeebreakscanbegreattimestoduckout,andyourincreasedproductivityandalertnesswillbealltheevidenceyouneedtomakeyourcasetoinquiringbosses.详解：E）段定位句表明，午餐和咖啡时间是溜走的好时机，提高的工作效率和机敏性将成为你向追究此事的老板进行辩解时所需的全部证据。定位句的上一句指出，我们当中很少有人享有能够在工作期间离开去睡半小时觉的奢移。由此可知，题干中的defendedthemselves和investigatedtheirwhereabouts分别对定位句中makeyourcase和inquiring的同义转述，故E)为答案。hor’stipsontaking[T]Soifyou’vemadeitthisfarandyou’reinterestedingivingworkdaynapsaaperfectnapinvolvesleepingtry(orjuststartingtonodoff),here’saquickguidetotheperfectnap;Findaquiet,unoccupiedspacewhereyouwon’,akeyourareaasdimaspossible(orinvestinasleepmaskyoucankeep译文：作者关于完美小睡的诀窍涉及睡觉地点、环境和持续时intheoffice).gerthanthatandyou’relikelytowakeup间。定位：由题干中的tips和awithsleepinertia(睡眠惰性)，whichwillleaveyouevengroggier(头脑昏沉的)than 7 页

perfectnap定位到原文T)段。before.详解：T)段第一句指出，如果你已经坚持到这里了，并且有兴趣尝试一下工作日小睡（或者只是开始打个盹儿），以下是实现完美小睡的快速指南。该段接下来介绍了三个诀窍：找一个安静、无人占据、也不会被打扰的地方；让你的周围区域尽可能的昏暗（或者买一个睡眠眼罩放在办公室），耳塞也会有所帮助；力争睡20分钟，超过该时间，你就极有可能醒来时带有睡眠惰性，这会让你比睡之前更加头昏脑涨。题干是对该段的概括总结，故T)为答案。horbelievesbusinessleadersareawarethatavailabilityatanytimeduetotechnologyhasnegativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople’slife.译文：作者相信商业领袖意识到，科技导致人们随时都能被联系到，这对人们生活的方方面面都产生了负面的影响。areaware和negative定位：由题干中的businessleaders，effects定位到原文N)画线处。[N]“Wewentthroughaperiodwherepeoplewereindenialandbusinessleaderswereignoringit,”said.“Theywereassumingthatifwegivepeoplemoretools,moreemails,moreSlack,morechatter,andwe’inkthey’vewokenuptothefactthatthisisabigproblem,anditisaffectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings.”详解：N)段定位句指出，博森认为他们已经意识到这一事实，即这是一个大问题，它在影响工作效率、参与度、健康、安全、身心健康等各方面。有上文可知，定位句中的they指代该段第一句中的businessleaders；this和it均指代上一段最后一句提到的真正的问题techhasenabledustobeavailableatalltimes。题干中的areaware是对定位句中的wokenupto的同义转述；题干中的negativeeffectsoneveryaspectofpeople’slife是对定位句中的affectingproductivity,engagement,health,safety,wellnessandallsortsofthings的概括，故N)为答案。imallengthofanapwasanhourandahalfsothatpeoplecouldgothroughacompletesleepcycle.译文：白天小睡的最佳时长是一个半小时，这样就能经历一个完整的睡眠周期。定位：由题干中的anhourandahalf和acompletesleepcycle定位到原文K)段画线处。[K]After60minutes,,mostoftenassociatedwiththatdeep,animprovecreativity,perceptualprocessingandhighlyassociativethinking,whichallowsyoutomakeconnectionsbetweendisparateideas,that,yourbestbetisa90-minutenap,whichwillgiveyouafullsleepcycle.详解：K)段定位句指出，除此之外，你的最佳选择是90分钟的睡眠，这可以给你一个完整的睡眠周期。题干中的Theoptimallengthofanap对应定位句中的bestbet;anhourandahalf和complete分别是对定位句中的90-minute和full的同义转述，故K)为答案。rsinmentionedthecauseofcompanies’bigproductivityproblemsandthesolutionwhichneedsmorethatjustemployees’efforts.译文：乔希·博森提到影响公司工作效率的这些大问题的原因，指出其解决方案不能紧靠员工的努力。定位：由题干中的JoshBersin和bigproductivityproblems定位到原文D)段。[D]Companiesaresufferingfromtremendousproductivityproblemsbecausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday,saidJoshBersin,PrincipalandFounderofBersinbyDeloitte.“They’rebeginningtorealizethatthisistheirproblem,andtheycan’tjustsaytopeople,‘Here’sawork-lifebalancecourse,goteachyourselfhowtomanageyourinbox,’”said.“It’swaymorecomplicatedthanthat.”详解：D)段第二句表明，公司意识到要解决工作效率问题除了靠员工，还得靠他们自己，而最后一句中的that指代该段第二句中提到的员工自学如何提高工作效率。由此推出，公司不能仅靠员工的努力来解决工作效率问题。题干中的morethatjustemployees’efforts对应定位句中的morecomplicatedthanthat;该段第一句中的becausepeoplearestressedoutandnotrecoveringfromtheworkday可以概括为thecause，故D)为答案。SectionCPassageOne全文翻译：（46）每个办公室工作人员都讨厌会议。但这是一种奇怪的仇恨，类似于伦敦人对北线的仇恨，或纽约人对于第 8 页

走路太慢的游客的仇恨：不喜欢是真的，但是如果被鄙视的东西消失了，那就会像是失去了一部分灵魂一样。（47）当研究人员调查为什么人们会忍受会议给他们的时间和理性造成的压力时，他们发现了一些令人惊讶的事情——那些怨恨和恐惧会议的人也是最为捍卫会议的人，他们有时会带着激情捍卫会议，认为会议是“必要的邪恶”。诚然，研究表明，与过去相比，现在的会议占据更多普通管理者的时间。当然，搞不好的话，会议还会造成创新水平和员工福祉的降低。但这就是办公室生活，对吧？它本就是无趣的。这就是为什么称他们为工作。（48）这种态度源于一个假设，这个假设不仅灌输给上班族，也灌输给孩子、父母以及爱人，即更多的沟通永远是一件好事。因此，有大量关于如何在会议中更好沟通的建议，例如让发言者站起来，那么他们会更快的说到重点。但是，即使是有些公司要完全废除会议，沟通越多越好这一原则也不会受到质疑。（49）更可能的是，当这些公司引入“扁平式”管理结构时，这一原则还会得到加强，每个人都可以随时找到老板，此外，众多电子设备也让员工分心。事实上，随时保持联系对工作满意度和盈亏底线来说都是灾难性的。无论如何，一旦你思考三秒钟，难道不清楚更多的频繁沟通并不是一件好事吗？通常情况下，成功的婚姻和平庸的婚姻之间区别在于前者每天留下大约三到四件事情不说。（50）在工作中，肯定会有超过四件事不说，但却是出于另一个原因：办公室沟通恰恰是以牺牲对工作至关重要的那种专注为代价的。然而，我们习惯于将谈话作为解决方案的来源——用于解决冲突或寻找新的想法——因此当其本身就是问题时则很难被人察觉。详解详析：46.答案：C)定位：由题干中的meetings定位到第一段。详解：推理判断题。作者首先指出“每个办公室工作人员都讨厌会议”这一现象，接着第二句对该现象进行具体阐述，指出上班族的矛盾心态：不喜欢是真的，但是如果被鄙视的东西消失了，那就会像是失去了一部分灵魂一样。由此推断，虽然不喜欢开会，但上班族也并不愿意彻底取消会议，故答案为C)。A)“伦敦人既讨厌会议又憎恨北线”，该段第二句用了比喻手法，只是将上班族对会议的讨厌与伦敦人对北线的厌恶进行类比，无法得出伦敦人讨厌两者的结论，故排除；B)“他们有助于上班族的身心健康”，首段第二句提到“那就会像是失去了一部分灵魂一样”，此处是对如果取消会议，上班族如何做出反应的比喻，与身心健康无关，故排除；D)“纽约人讨厌会议甚于讨厌伦敦人”，由第二句可知两者之间并无关联性，故排除。47.答案：A)定位：由题干中的people’sattitudetowardsmeetings定位到第二段第一句。详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，那些怨恨和恐惧会议的人也是最为捍卫会议的人，他们有时会带着激情捍卫会议，认为会议是“必要的邪恶”。由此推断，人们对会议的态度与表现相互矛盾，故答案为A)。B)“最讨厌会议的人是高级经理们”，该段第二句提到，与过去相比，现在的会议占据更多普通管理者的时间，显然这里并没有特指高级经理，故排除；C)“喜欢会议者可能会被认为精神不正常”，文章只是在第二段首句提到“理性”（sanity），并未提到喜欢会议者被如何看待，故排除；D)“更多的会议被视作更低创新水平的标志”，该段第三句指出，搞不好的话，会议会造成创新水平和员工福祉的降低，不能得出更多会议与较低创新水平直接关联的结论，故排除。48.答案：C)定位：由题干中的morecommunicationisalwaysagoodthing定位到第三段第一句。详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，这种态度源自一个假设，这个假设灌输给了不同的人，即更多的沟通永远是一件好事。C)中的hasbeeninstilledinto与定位句中的isdrummedinto属于同义替换，均意为“被灌输给”故为答案。A)“因为这一概念为上班族所深信”，定位句中提到了上班族，该段第三句中也提到沟通越多越好这一原则不会收到质疑，显然，上班族也认可这一原则，但人们认可这一原则并非因为上班族的认可，本项属于张冠李戴，故排除；B)“因为人人都喜欢与他人沟通”属于绝对表述，故排除；D)“因为沟通对于建立关系而言至关重要”，本项符合常识但文中没有提到相关内容，故排除。49.答案：D)定位：由题干中的“flat”managementstructure定位到第三段第四句。详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，当这些公司引入“扁平式”管理结构时，沟通越多越好这一原则还会得到加强，故答案为D)。A)“迫使老板经常联系员工”，定位句明确提到每个人都可以随时找到老板，但并非老板主动联系员工，故排除；B)“帮助软化员工的工作底线”，该段末句提到保持联系对工作满意度和盈亏底线来说都是灾难性的，并没有直接提及“扁平”的管理结构对底线的影响，故排除；C)“毫无疑问，对工作满意度而言是灾难性第 9 页

的”属于绝对表述，可以排除。50.答案：B)定位：由题干中的officecommunication定位到末段第三句。详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，办公室沟通恰恰是以牺牲对工作至关重要的那种专注为代价的。由此推断，办公室沟通会影响工作效率，故答案为B)。A)“是解决办公室冲突的一种有效方法”，该段第四句提到我们习惯于将谈话作为解决方案的来源——用于解决冲突或寻找新的想法，但并未评论其有效性，故排除；C)“应时不时地停一下”，本段前两句提到了思考三秒钟和每天留下大约三到四件事情不说，并未提及时不时地停止沟通，故排除；D)“对上班族寻找新想法有用”，该段第四句提到我们习惯于将谈话作为寻找新想法的来源，并未评论其是否有用，故排除。PassageTwo全文翻译：互联网使得信息以闪电般的速度进行传播。信息革命为在线出版商创造了巨大的商机，但并不是所有出版商都保留了适当的质量把控机制，以确保只有好的信息被分享。（51）相反，许多出版商的目的只是以任何可能的方式赚钱，而不考虑对整个社会的造成的后果。当自私的出版商开设网店时，主要目标是尽可能多地出版，这通常是以牺牲质量为代价。在这方面，许多出版商开办了大量专注于重叠全科的在线期刊，以增加他们发表的论文总数，并聘用那些在科学或出版方面没有任何经验的年轻业务经理。（52）在某些情况下，网络出版商甚至放弃同行评议，同时仍将自己的在线期刊当作科学期刊——这是一个利用那些只想分享研究的科学家的骗局。如果出版商精心安排业务以赚取更多收入，那么往往会对他们的产品造成损害。当出版商创刊时从重叠领域入手，加上发表更多研究成果的压力，这可能促使发表边缘化甚至令人质疑的文章。此外，具有多个重叠领域的期刊以及具有非常窄的专业领域的期刊，其出版商提高了对愿意审稿者时间和精力投入的要求。（53）由于审稿人所投入的时间和精力一般得不到补偿，所以期刊编辑通常无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率。要改善形势，增加人们对科学界的信任，必须降低出版压力。资金和推广决定不应取决于出版物的数量，而应以出版物的质量和研究人员的长期生产力和指令为基础。这只是开始。我们需要其他机制，例如比尔的“掠夺性”出版商名单，以提醒科学家假期刊和假文章。（54）另外，必须控制在线出版的价格，并建立一个机制，以尊重和奖励努力工作的审稿人。详解详析：51.答案：C)定位：由题干中的onlinepublishers定位到第一段第三句。详解：事实细节题。由定位句可知，许多出版商的目的只是以任何可能的方式赚钱，而不考虑对整个社会造成的后果，故答案为C)。A)“其中一小部分出版商能够保证出版质量”，第二句只提到并不是所有出版商都保留了适当的质量把控机制，没有提及比例如何，故排除；B)“他们有许多机会创新商业模式”，第二句提到信息革命为在线出版商创造了巨大的商机，但没有提到创新商业模式，故排除；D)“社会影响是他们出版书籍时首要考虑的问题”，这与定位句中的许多在线出版商不考虑对整个社会造成的后果相矛盾，故排除。52.答案：A)定位：由题干中的thesecondparagraph及各选项内容定位到第二段第末句。详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，网络出版商甚至放弃同行评议，同时仍将自己的在线期刊当作科学期刊。由此推断，通常情况下，同行评议是区分科学期刊与普通期刊的标准之一，故答案为A)。B)“研究者主要研究不同学科的结合”，该段第二句提到许多出版商开办了大量专注于重叠学科的在线期刊，这里没有涉及学科的融合，也未涉及研究者的关注点，故排除；C)“科学家关注出版物而非研究”，由定位句可知，科学家们很乐于做学术，如果关注了出版物，也就不会陷入骗局，故排除；D)“年轻的业务经理乐于面对新挑战”，该段第二句提到在线出版商聘用那些科学或出版方面没有任何经验的年轻业务经理，没有提及他们是否乐于面对挑战，故排除。53.答案：B)定位：由题干中的enoughreviewers定位到第三段最后一句。详解：事实细节题。定位句提到，由于审稿人所投入的时间和精力一般得不到补偿，所以期刊编辑通常无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率，故答案为B)。A)“审稿人的审稿时间紧迫”，定位句只提到审稿人的时间和精力一般得不到补偿，并没有指出具体原因，故排除；C)“出版商强迫审稿人接受边缘文章”，该段第二句提第 10 页

到，出版商创刊时从重叠领域入手，加上发表更多研究成果的压力，可能促使发表边缘化文章甚至令人质疑的文章，与审稿人无关，故排除；D)“出版商敦促审稿人快速提高出版率”，定位句提到无法找到足够的审稿人来跟上不断提高的出版率，并非审稿人要提高出版率，故排除。54.答案：B)定位：由题干中的onlinepublication定位到末段最后一句。详解：推理判断题。定位句提到，必须控制在线出版的价格，并建立一个机制，以尊重和奖励努力工作的审稿人。由此推断，那些辛苦付出的审稿人值得奖励，故答案为B)。A)“应该更加重视出版物的数量”，第四段第二句明确指出，资金和推广决定不应取决于出版物的数量，而应以出版物的质量和研究人员的长期生产力和指令为基础，该项与原文意思不符，故排除；C)“假期刊应该报备给监管机构”，末段第二句提到我们应该建立像比尔的“掠夺，性”出版商名单，以提醒科学家假期刊和假文章，并未提及监管机构，故排除；D)“应该大大降低在线出版的价格”文中只提到必须控制在线出版的价格，没有说如何控制，故排除。55.答案：D)定位：由题干中的themainideaofthispassage定位至全文。详解：主旨大意题。作者开篇通过信息快速传播引出在线出版商的问题：不是所有出版商都保留了适当的质量把控机制。首段末句指出，许多出版商的目的只是以任何可能的方式赚钱，而不考虑对整个社会造成的后果。第二段指出，出版商以牺牲质量为代价尽可能的出版更多的文章。第三段具体说明这种做法带来的损害。最后两段针对如何改变现状给出建议。纵观全篇，可以看出文章主旨是谈论在线出版商为了赚钱，不顾质量，大量发表科研论文，故答案为D)。A)“在线出版商应该采取措施，与假学术期刊作斗争”，本文前面分析的是问题，只在最后两段针对具体措施提出建议，该项以偏概全，故排除；B)“在线出版商牺牲质量来追求工作效率”，此处的工作效率过于笼统，与文中表述的大量出版商寻求利益不符，故排除；C)“在线出版商的商业模式极有可能对他们的出版物造成损害”，由第三段首句可知，该项是本段提及的部分内容，为分论点，故排除。PartⅣTranslation参考译文TheSpringFestival,atraditionalfestivalinChina,AmericanchildrengetChristmaspresentsfromSantaClaus,Chinesekidsgetluckymoneyfromtheirparentsandrelatives,oneyisanamuletthattheeldersgivetotheirkids,ycanluckymoneybegiventothekidsthemomenttheykowtowandpayaNewYearcallontheelders,butalsoitcanbesecretlyputunderthepillowbytheeldersafterthekidsarewrappedindeepslumberonNewYear’seve.难点注释1.第一句中，“相当于美国的圣诞节”可使用as+adj.+as结构，通过类比表达两个节日在各自国家的重要性。“相当于”还可译为thesameas。2.第二句是由“而”连接的对比句，因此可用while将前后两个分句连接起来；将“这也是每个孩子过年时都热切期盼的礼物”译作定语从句，对压岁钱进行解释说明。翻译时，还可将“美国小孩能从圣诞老人那里获得圣诞礼物”看作参照，即“就像美国小孩……一样，中国小孩……”，将句子译为JustasAmericankids…,Chinesekids….3.第三句比较长，可以将“‘压岁钱’是……祝福……”合译为一句：把“护身符”作为“是”的宾语，将“长辈送给孩子的”译为定语从句，“表达了长辈对孩子的美好祝福”译作伴随状语，对“护身符”进行解释说明。“据说可以使孩子平平安安地度过新的一年”单独成句，译为Itissaid/believedthat结构，即“据说……”。4.最后一句中，“可……，也可……”既可译为either…or…结构，也可使用notonly…butalso…结构，为增加句式多样性，可将notonly置于句首，该分句使用倒装语序。“睡着”最简单的译法是使用短语fallasleep，译文中使用短语bewrappedindeepslumber,体现了译文语言的灵活性。第 11 页