2024年1月19日发(作者：)

Lesson 57 Back in the old country

alien ['eiljən]

adj. 外国的；外星的

alien cultures alien

beings be alien to …

The idea is alien to our religion.

Luxury is alien to her nature.

be foreign to …

Jealousy is foreign to his nature.

exotic adj. 外国的，新奇漂亮的

exotic tropical plants

I am charmed with her exotic beauty.

emigrate ['emɪgreɪt]

v. 移居国外

migrate emigrate immigrate

People migrate to cities in search of work.

Swallows migrate south in winter.

emigrate from immigrate to

Europeans emigrating from their homelands after World War Ⅱ were encouraged to immigrate

to Australia.

absorb [əb'sɔ:b]

v. 使全神贯注 be

absorbed in … be

engrossed in … be

wrapped up in … be

immersed in …

He is totally immersed in the novel.

be busy (in) doing

be up to one’s neck / ears in …

(A) She wants to check the weather before deciding.

(B) She has a problem with her hearing.

(C) She’d enjoy coming to dinner another time.

(D) She wants the man to help her with some work.

M: Can you come over for dinner tonight?

W: I’m up to my ears in work, so I’ll have to take a rain check.

What does the woman mean?

Answer: (C) She’d enjoy coming to dinner another time.

embedded [ɪm'bedɪd]

adj. 嵌入的

be (firmly) embedded in …

be (firmly) rooted in …

be (firmly) entrenched in …

be (firmly) ingrained in …

His roots and mine had become too firmly embedded in the new land.

He had lived in it as a child when it was already disappearing, and his hero was firmly rooted in

his memories and experiences, and in both the history and the mythology of the vanished

frontier.

deep-rooted / deep-seated

a deep-seated faith in god

a deep-rooted bad habit

inveterate hatred / prejudice / distrust

an inveterate smoker / drinker / gambler / liar

milestone ['maɪlstəʊn]

n. 里程碑；划时代事件

milestone in …

October 1st, 1949 was a milestone in the history of China.

mark a milestone in …

This voyage marked an important milestone in the history of exploration.

a milestone on / along the road to …

We believe that what we have agreed today will be a milestone on the road to true peace and

prosperity in our country.

crossroads n. 十字路口；抉择关头

at a crossroads

He was at a crossroads in his career.

territory ['terətri]

n. 领土，地盘；领域

territory n. 1. [U] & [C] 领土，地盘

enemy / disputed / foreign territory

occupied territories

They refused to allow UN troops to be stationed in their territory.

A tiger has a large territory to defend.

A dog uses urine to mark its territory.

territory n. 2. [U]（知识或经验的）领域

familiar / unfamiliar territory

The company is moving into unfamiliar territory with this new software.

Social work is familiar territory to her.

stumble ['stʌmbl]

v. 绊脚

stumble v. strike one’s foot against sth. and almost fall 绊脚 = trip

In her hurry she stumbled and spilled the milk all over the floor.

stumble over / on … = trip over / on … 在……上绊了一下

Vic stumbled over the step as he came in.

Running along the beach, she stumbled on a log and fell on the sand.

stumble across / on / upon … to find sth. or meet sb. by accident 偶然发现或遇到…… = come

across …

We stumbled across him at the mall.

Police investigating tax fraud stumbled across a drugs ring.

History relates that they stumbled on a magnificent waterfall.

stumble into … to become involved in sth. by chance 偶然卷入、参与或陷入……

I stumbled into acting when I left college.

I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map.

cool off v. to return to a normal temperature after being hot 冷却下来，凉爽下来

Cool off with an iced drink.

By late autumn Mediterranean islands have cooled off, and can have rainy days.

study v. examine (sth) very carefully 仔细察看（某事物）

study the map / menu …

Scientists are studying the photographs of Mars for signs of life.

expect (sb.) to do: 以为；料想

He didn't expect to see me.

We expected him to arrive yesterday.

objective n. 目标，目的 = goal

Everest is the climber's next objective.

Let justice be our objective.

by now

After crossing the equator , the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now

the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead.

be alien to …

a way of life that is totally alien to us

The idea is alien to our religion.

Luxury is alien to her nature.

recover from … 从……恢复

You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.

recover sth. 1. 恢复……

= restore sth. / regain sth.

recover sth. 2. 重新获得，找回，赚回，补偿

Four paintings stolen from the gallery have been recovered.

We recovered lost time by setting out early.

But the claim made by a local authority to recover the cost of salvaging a sunken pie dish must

surely be unique.

presence n. 1. 出席，在场，存在

We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their business, unaware (we hope) of our

presence.

At present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting the presence of life.

in the presence of sb.

in sb.’s presence

Harry is very thrifty, but in the presence of his friends he never shows this side of his life.

I asked you not to smoke in my presence.

presence n. a person or spirit that you cannot see but that you feel is with you in a place 似乎在

场

His daughter's presence seemed to fill her empty bedroom.

continually

continously

Everything around me is full of his / her presence, continually reopening the wound.

make a new life for sb. 为……开创新生活

I was determined to make a new life for myself in Australia.

After the divorce she moved to Buckingham to make a new life for herself.

turn over a new leaf 弃恶从善，洗心革面重做人

The thief was determined to turn over a new leaf once he was released from prison.

cease to do 不再……

There are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract concept.

grieve v. to feel extremely sad, especially because someone you love has died 悲伤

grieve over / for …

They are still grieving over / for their dead child.

She grieved the death of her husband.

grievance n. 委屈，不平，不满，牢骚

A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person who is suitably

qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.

He did not marry again and I was brought up without a woman's care; but I lacked for nothing,

for he was both father and mother to me.

bring up sb. 把……抚养成人

lack sth. 缺乏……

lack for sth. (fml.) = need sth. 需要……

lack for nothing 应有尽有

语义相对的名词并列，常省略冠词

Father and son went to New York by a morning train.

We are brother and sister.

Husband and wife are talking about the boy’s future.

Please pass me pencil and paper.

He always meant to go back one day, but not to stay.

mean to do sth. 打算做某事

Whoops! I didn't mean to step on your toe.

I mean to leave that meeting with a new contract.

be (firmly) embedded in …

be (firmly) rooted in …

be (firmly) entrenched in …

be (firmly) ingrained in …

folk (BrE) / folks (AmE) n. people 人们

ordinary working-class folk

I'd like a job working with old folk or kids.

Young folk these days don't know the meaning of work.

He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he

was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.

mortally = fatally adv. 致命地

mortally / fatally ill / injured / wounded

a mortal / fatal illness / injury / wound

Though Verrazano is by no means considered to be a great explorer, his name will probably

remain immortal, for on November 21st, 1964, the greatest bridge in the world was named after

him.

alone / on one’s own / by oneself

She was sitting alone on a park bench.

I don’t like walking home on my own at night.

Do you share the apartment or do you live by yourself?

all (alone / on one’s own / by oneself )

Wendy was frightened, all alone in that big old house.

I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most

helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.

同一层次上的双重定语从句

两个定语从句修饰同一个名词或短语，中间用并列连词 (and, or 或 but) 连接，此时关系词

往往不可省去。

This book is intended for foreign students who have already mastered the elements of English,

and who now want to use their knowledge of language to read books on their own subjects.

The past progressive is chiefly used for past actions which continued for some time but whose

exact limits are not known.

不在同一层次上的双重定语从句

第一个定语从句修饰前面的名词或短语，第二个定语从句修饰“名词或短语+第一个定语从句”

两个定语从句之间没有并列连词连接。第一个定语从句的关系词（一般是关系代词作宾语）

可省略。

The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton, and he is very

pound of the fact.

…, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage.

嵌入式定语从句 (Embedded Attributive Clause)：既是先行词的后置定语，又是另一个分句结

构的宾语。

In this part of the cave, they could hear an insistent booming sound which they found was caused

by a small waterspout shooting down into a pool from the roof of the cave.

Turning back down the main street, we quickened our pace and made our way rapidly towards

the stream where we hoped the boatman was waiting.

It is/was not that …, but (that) …

不是因为……, 而是因为……

It was not that I actually remembered anything at all, but (that) my father had described over and

over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was

positive I should recognize it as familiar territory.

It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties. He simply had no sense of danger at all.

 It was not that Bruce always underestimated difficulties, but (that) he simply had no sense of

danger at all.

not that …, but that … 不是因为……, 而是因为……

Not that I love Caesar less, but that I love Rome more.

— Shakespeare ‘Julius Caesar’

over and over (again) 一再地，屡次地，三番五次地

I’ve told you over and over (again) not to do that. again

and again time after time

time and (time) again

many times repeatedly

be positive (that) … 对……确定

Are you absolutely positive you locked the door?

I was sure / certain / confident / convinced (that) …

I had no doubt (that) …

I bet (that) …

familiar / unfamiliar territory 熟悉/不熟悉（的领域）

Social work is familiar territory to her.

All this is familiar territory to readers of her recent novels.

well interj. used for expressing a feeling such as doubt, surprise, or anger 哎呦（表达怀疑、惊讶

或愤怒等感情）

Well, they have a lot of nerve!

Well, she could at least have phoned to say she wasn't coming!

I looked at the map and then at the milometer.

thermometer 温度表

barometer 气压计

odometer / milometer 里程表

speedometer 速度计

I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be

looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the

far distance.

come = travel

Some of the birds have come thousands of miles to winter here.

(with +) n. + 非谓语

The silence was suddenly broken when a large car, with its headlights (being) on and its horn

blaring, roared down the arcade.

It is possible that upon such an occasion a battle ensued, with the sharks being driven away or

killed.

decide 不一定译为“决定”，而常常译为“（在考虑之后）确定，断定，认为”，尤其是其后

加 that 引导的宾语从句时。

The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish would be by canal, so they

insured it for the trip.

From then on, Harry decided that this little game he had invented might prove to be expensive.

turning (BrE) / turn (AmE) n. 道路转弯处

He must have taken a wrong turning in the dark.

Take the first turning on the left.

So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map.

retrace v. to go back exactly the way you have come 折返

After a few minutes, he turned around and began to retrace his steps.

retrace v. repeat (a journey, route, etc.) exactly 重走

We shall be retracing the route taken by Marco Polo.

They are hoping to retrace the epic voyage of Christopher Columbus.

take / shoot / throw / cast a glance at … 扫视……

The couple at the next table cast quick glances at us.

The other people shot sidelong glances at me.

land up = end up = finish up: to finally be in a particular place or situation 最终；最后……

He'll land / end / finish up in hospital if he carries on drinking like that.

land up / end up / finish up doing

Instead of becoming a doctor, however, he landed up / ended up / finished up becoming a

successful writer of detective stories.

I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.

as if / as though 从句中表达与事实相反或可能性很小时，可以用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反

用一般过去时（be 动词一般用 were），与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与未来趋势相反用

would / should / could / might + 动词原形

It is as if a single unimportant event set up a chain of reactions.

As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives, unexpectedly bringing

three guests to dinner.

I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams.

It looks as if it might rain.

注意，as if / as though 从句中虚拟语气为进行时的时候，一般都用 were doing 的形式。

'Oh, that,' he said with a smile as if he were talking about an old friend.

Suddenly, the knocking turned to a forceful banging, as if someone were hitting the door with a

metal rod. (The Da Vinci Code)

It looks as if he were talking to someone invisible.

stumble into … to become involved in sth. by chance 偶然卷入、参与或陷入……

I stumbled into acting when I left college.

I felt as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes stumble into a nightmare

country in dreams.

And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me.

连词 as 引导的方式状语从句中常省略主句中出现过的成分而只残存“as+状语”结构。

And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me.

 And, as there is nobody in sight to help me in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help

me.

In New York, as in some other cities, environmental pollution is becoming more and more

serious.

 In New York, as environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious in some other

cities, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious.

Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on

horseback, riding in my direction.

全部倒装

把全部谓语置于主语之前。

1、表示位置或次序的状语置于句首，只要满足两个条件，要用全部倒装。①主语不是代词。

②谓语动词不是及物动词。

2、表语置于句首。

…, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, …

…, a man on horseback appeared there on the horizon, …

on horseback

a soldier on horseback

They travelled over the mountains on horseback.

in sb.'s direction

Tony glanced in her direction and their eyes met.

ask / tell / show sb. the way to …

He asked me the way to London.

Could you tell me the way to the station?

Could you please show me the way to the temple?

The village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley had been

submerged too.