2024年5月18日发(作者:skype for business)
摘要
本文在借鉴比较国外、国内的行政强制基本理论与实践的基础上,对海关
行政强制进行了理论定位,阐述了海关行政强制的概念、特征及意义;对海关
行政强制手段进行了梳理、分析,指出了海关行政粼0制度存在的问题,并对
完善海关的行政强制法律制度进行了思考,提出了意见、建议。
除引言与结语外,本文分为三个部分:
第一部分对国外、国内行政强制的基本理论进行了简明的阐述,并对海关
行政强制的概念、特征及意义进行了说明。
第二部分对海关的行政强制手段进行了全面总结:分为两个部分,一是行
政强制措施,包括对人身的强制(扣留、留置盘问、阻止出境、强制带回等);
对物的强制(扣留、封存、暂停支付存款、施加封志、强制担保等);对行为的
强制(责令退运)。二是行政强制执行,包括直接强制执行(扣缴、抵缴,追缴
等值价款等),间接强制执行(执行罚与代执行)。并指出了海关行政强制法律
最后一部分对完善海关的行政强制法律制度进行了认真思考,就海关行政强
关键词:海关行政强制;行政强制措施;行政强制执行
制度存在的问题:一是海关行政强制立法不完善,无统一的规定;二是海关行
政强制名称欠规范、涵义不一致现象较为突出;三是海关行政强制存在执法偏
差,存在重权力行使、轻权利保障倾向;四是海关行政强制执行主体二元化,
实际操作困难;五是海关行政强制程序有待完善;六是海关行政强制的监督制
约机制应进一步完善。这部分还对相关概念进行了比较分析,厘清了相关具体
行政行为的法律性质,这对规范海关的相关具体行政行为及保障相对人的合法权
利意义非凡。
制的设定原则、实施程序、监督制约等方面提出了意见建议。本文认为,现时海
关行政强制表现出的具体问题,其根本原因在于对海关行政强制的基本原则没有
厘清,或者并没有得到实质遵守,我们可以抛开对那些具体问题的讨论,只须确立
并完全贯彻行政强制的基本原则及程序,所有问题将迎刃而解,同时,这也将推动海
关行政强制法律制度的持续完善,这也正是本文写作的根本目的之所在。
Abstract
This
papercomparesforeign
basic
theory
and
practice
on
ofadministrative
enforcementwithdomestic.ItiSbasedthe
administrativeenforcement
of
the
tO
point
OUt
the
customs
system
whichhas
been
analyzed.We
hope
problems
ofthe
customs
system
ofadministrative
enforcement
and
improve
thelawofcustoms
administrative
onit.
Besidesthe
preface
and
conclusions,this
paper
can
enforcement
system.We
put
forwardsome
opinions
and
suggestions
be
divided
into
three
parts:
The
first
part
isthe
administrativeenforcement
of
foreign
and
domestic,concise
basic
theory,
and,the
concept
characteristics
and
significance
of
thecustoms
administrative
enforcement.
The
second
part
is
thecustoms
intotwo
administrative
compulsory
compulsory
measures
It
isdivided
personal
parts.First,administrative
measures,including
enforcement(to
detain,to
interrogate,tOpreventexit,forced
back,etc.),belongings
enforcement(to
detain,toseal,to
suspend
deposffs
payment,enforcement
guarantee,ere.):the
behavior
enforcement(to
instructtO
return).Second,the
administrative
compulsory
execution,including
direct
compulsory
execution(tax
withholding,etc),indirect
customsadministration
compulsory
execution.We
point
oUtthe
problems
ofthe
enforcement:first,the
no
customs
administrative
enforcement
legislation
is
imperfect
and
administrative
unified
regulation;second,the
name
no
and
meaning
of
enforcement
have
consistent;third,there
is
exercise
but
a
tendency
of
the
customs
administrative
highlights
the
power
fourth,the
administrative
light
the
powerguarantees;
subject
of
administrative
enforcement
is
dualistic;fifth,the
customs
enforcement
process
shouldbe
improved;sixth,the
supervision
part
and
restrictionshould
befarther
perfected.This
analyzes
comparatively
the
concept
ofadministrative
This
paper
enforcement.
po砬oUt
the
current
problems
ofthecustomsadministration
enforcement
and
thefundamental
reason
is
that
we
did
not
clarify
its
basic
principles,
II
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