2024年3月7日发(作者：kux转换为mp4软件)

考研英语完型词汇——近义词辨析

1. adherence&adhesion

这两个词都是“粘附的”意思。

adherence 用于比喻的意思。例如：His adherence to the strict

letter of the law.

adhesion 是指物质上的。

2. adjacent&adjoining&contiguous

这些词都有next to“紧挨”的意思。

adjacent “毗邻的，邻近的”，但它们可能并不相互直接接触。

adjoining和contiguous 指相互接触，通常之间有一个edge或boundary。

3. admission&admittance

它们都有“the act of entering”的意思。

但admission 用于公共场合。例如：The price of admission to

the gallery is￡5.

admittance 不指公共场合，一般指私人的住所。

4. adopted&adoptive

adopted “收养的，过继的”

an adopted son(daughter) 养子（女）；my adopted country

我所入籍的国家；adopted words 外来语。

adoptive“收养的”，我们说adoptive parents，但很少说adoptive child；“采用的”，“假冒的”an adoptive courage假充勇敢。

5. averse&adverse

adverse “不利的，反对的”，用于事，不用于人。adverse

weather conditions；an adverse reaction。

averse “嫌恶的，反对的，不乐意的”，常和“to”一起使用，而且用否定形式。

6. advise&advice

advise “劝告”（动词）；advice “劝告”（名词）。

7. affect&effect

affect “影响”vt. ，它的第二个意思是“假装”，Though she

affectes indifference, I knew she was really very upset.

effect n. “结果”，“效力”。vt. “产生”，“导致”，它比“to cause, to bring out” 更为正式。His aim was to effect a

radical change in the party structure.

8. all ready&already

all ready 意思是“completely prepared”

a lready “已经”。He had already had his lunch.

9. altogether&all together

altogether (in total) “总共”

all together 意思是“in a group”。如：We put the sheep all

together in onefield. 这两个词还可以分开。We put all the sheep

together in one field.

10. allude&elude

allude “暗指”，“暗示”，“（婉转）提到”。

elude (to avoid or escape) “闪避，躲避”。如：to elude sb.

's grasp 逃脱，没有被逮住；to elude the law 规避法律。The

meaning eludes me. 那个意义我摸不透。

11. illusion&delusion

illusion “幻觉，错觉” be under no illusion about sth. 对某事不存幻想。

delusion “欺骗，迷惑”He suffers from the delusion that

he's attractive to women. 他糊里糊涂地认为自己对女人很有吸引力。

12. amend&emend

amended (to alter or add to something) “订正，改正”，“修正（议案等）”。an amended bill 修正案；amend one's ways

改过自新。

emend (to correct errors in) “校订”。emend the text of a

book 校勘某书；He emended the typescript before sending it to

the printers. 在交付印刷之前他校正文稿。

13. amicable&amiable

这两个词都是指“友好的”意思。

amicable “友好的，亲切的”指行为或情景。The discussions

were amicable, though business like. 讨论虽然是商业形式,但是友好的。

amiable “可爱的，和蔼可亲的”Many people are afraid of

him, though I found him to be perfectly amiable. 虽然我发现他特别和蔼可亲，但还是有很多人害怕他。

14. assent&ascent

assent可用作“agreement”“同意”或“agree”“同意”。

ascent n. “上升，晋升”，the ascent of mountain 登山。

15. avert&avoid

avert “防止，避免”。

avoid “回避，逃避”。avoid bad company 避免和坏人来往；I cannot avoid seeing him. 我不能不见他。

16. besides&beside

besides 意思是“in addition to”“加之，还有，另外”；而beside“在……旁边”，“在……一侧”。Duncan is the tall man

standing beside my father. 站在我爸爸旁边的高个子男子是邓肯。

17. coherence&cohesion

coherence “统一，一致性”；cohesion “结合力，团结”。the cohesion of molecules 分子的结合力。

18. compare with&compare to

compare with “和……比起来”

compare to “好比”。He compared the moon to a silver

plate. 他把月亮比成一个大银盘。

19. impel&compel

impel “推动，驱使，激励”。impel sb. to do sth. 激励某人做

某事；

compel “强迫，胁迫，迫使”。compel sb. to one's will 强迫人服从自己。

20. complement&compliment

complement “补足（物），补全”，“补足语”。

compliment “恭维话，赞辞，敬意”；Your presence is a

great compliment. 承蒙光临，不胜荣幸。

21. confident&confidant

confident “深信，确信，自信”。

confidant “心腹朋友”。She has no close confidant to whom

she can turn for advice or help. 她没有知心朋友来帮助或是劝告她。

22. continual&continuous

continual “连续，继续”；“频繁的”；continual bouts of

toothache一阵接一阵的牙痛。（这中间可能有停顿或间断。）

continuous “连续”（指从不间断的）；We’ve had three

weeks of continuous rain. 我们这里连续三周下雨不停。

23. might&could

might 表明“possibility”。

could 应该用来表明“permission”. Mum said we could

(might) go to the football match.

24. council&counsel

council “议事机构”，委员会；a cabinet council 内阁会议。

counsel “商议，劝告”；follow sb. 's counsel close 牢记某人忠告。

25. creditable&credible

creditable “声誉好的，可称许（赞扬）的”；

credible “可信的，可靠的”He's the only one without a

credible alibi (辩解，托辞). 他是惟一一个没有可信托辞的人。

26. decisive&decided

decisive “果断的，断然的”；decisive measures 断然的措施。

decided “明确的，无疑的”；a decided success 明显的成功。

27. defective&deficient

defective (having a fault or flaw) “有缺陷的”。

deficient (lacking in what is needed) “不足的”；be deficient

in 欠缺。

28. definite&definitive

definite (certain or clear, not vague)“明确的，一定的”。

definitive (authoritative, that cannot be improved) “限定的，决定性的，最后的”；definitive host 宿主；definitive organs 定形器官；definitive sentence 最后判决。

29. dependant&dependent

dependant n. (one who depends on another for support) 受赡养者。

dependent adj. “依靠的，依赖的”；He'sstill dependent on

state benefit. The rate of relief is dependent on one's income.

30. discreet&discrete

discreet “考虑周到的，慎重的”。

discrete “分离的，分裂的”；On closer examination, we find

that the pattern is formed from thousands of discrete dots of

colours.

31. distinctive&distinct

distinctive “有特色的”，“独特的”；

distinct “清楚的，明显的”；a distinct smell of alcohol on his

breath; the distinctive stripes of the zebra.

32. dual&duel

dual “二重的”；dual personality 双重人格；dual control 双重管辖；

duel “决斗，竞争”；fight a duel with sb. 与某人决斗；challenge sb. to a duel 向某人提出决斗；a duel of wits 斗智。

33. eatable&edible

eatable a. “可食用的，可吃的”；n. “食物、食品”。

edible a. “适合食用的，可以吃的”；n. “食品”。

在指吃的时候二者可通用：The toast was burnt and barely

eatable/edible. 但在其他情况下不一样。

If something is eatable, it may be eaten (though it may not

be safe or desirable to do so); but, if something is edible it is safe

to eat.

34. economical&economic

economic “经济学的，经济上的” an economic survey of

Scotland 苏格兰经济调查；an economic blockade 经济封锁；

economical “节俭的，经济的”；He's had to learn to be

more economical now that his only income is a small pension.

35. evoke&invoke

evoke “唤起，引起”；evoke admiration 引起羡慕。

invoke “祈求（神灵）保佑，乞灵于”，行使（法权）；If our

case fails in the national courts we will invoke the European

Declaration on Human Rights.

36. fatal&fateful

fatal “causing death or disaster”“致命的”； a fatal

disease 不治之症；a fatal wound 致命伤。

fateful“crucial, significant, deciding one's fate”“重大的”，“决定性的，决定命运的”；On that one fateful day in October,

millions of pounds werewiped off the value of shares.

37. fictional&fictitious

fictional “虚构的，小说的”；

fictitious “虚构的，编造的” (denotes something that is not

real and has been created with the intention of deceiving others)；He gave the police afictitious name.

38. historical&historic

historical “有关历史的”，“历史的”, the historical period 历

史阶段；historical personage 历史人物。

historic “历史上有名的，有历史意义的”，historic town 历史名城。

39. impassable&impassible

impassable “不能通行的”，“不可逾越的”；an impassable

swam 不能通行的沼泽地。

impassible “不感疼痛的；无动于衷的”；an impassible God

无动于衷的神。

40. infer&imply

infer “猜想，臆测”，“推断”；infer a motive from an effect

从效果推知动机。

imply “含有……的意思”；Do you realize what his words

imply? 你领会他说话的含意吗？I do not imply that you are wrong.

我的意思不是说你错了。

41. impractical&impracticable

impractical(not sensible or efficient or not actually possible)

“不切实际的，不现实的”。

impracticable (not able to be done or used) “不能实行的，行不通的”；With a river on one side and

a steep drop on the other, it is impracticable to widen the

road.

42. incredible&incredulous

incredible “不可相信的，难以置信的”；incredible energy 惊人的能量，精力。

incredulous “不相信的，表示怀疑的”；be incredulous of

hearsay 不相信道听途说；an incredulous look 怀疑的目光。

43. ingenious&ingenuous

ingenious “机灵的”；an ingenious mind 机灵的头脑；an

ingenious machine 精巧的机器。

ingenuous “直率的，坦白的”。

44. intense&intensive

intense “激烈的，强烈的”，“紧张的”an intense light 强烈的灯光；intense heat 酷热；an intense life

奋发图强的生活。

intensive “加强的，集中的”；“深入细致的，彻底的”；an

intensive bombardment 密集炮击；an intensive study 彻底的研究；an intensive reading 精读(opp. extensive reading 泛读)。

45. junction&juncture

junction “接合，连接”，“（河流的）汇合处”；make a

junction 取得联络，连接起来junction box 接线盒。

juncture (a particular point in time or in a sequence of events)

“接合，连接”，“时机，关头”；an important juncture in a

man's career 人生历程中的重要关头；at this juncture 在这个时候；in the present critical juncture of things 在目前这一危急关头下。

46. apt&prone

它们都具有“tending to or in the habit of”的意思，但是prone只用于人。Elderly people are prone to falls, often because

of arthritic joints or dizziness.

47. loose&lose

loose “松的，宽的”。

lose “丢失”；lose one's balance 失去平衡，跌倒；lose one's

head 被搞糊涂。

48. luxuriant&luxurious

luxuriant (growing strongly or vigorously；abundant, prolific)

“繁茂的；多产的；丰富的”；His luxuriant beard was red.

luxurious “豪华的，奢侈的”；a luxurious table 奢侈的饭菜。

49. magical&magic

它们都&magic有关系，但是magical也有“wonderful,

entrancing”的意思。

50. masterly&masterful

masterly(showing great skill or the skill of a master) “熟练的；名家的”。

masterful (showing power or authority) “主人派头的，专横的”；You’re so strong and masterful.

51. obsolete&obsolescent

obsolete (no longer in use or already out of date) “已废弃的，已不用的”；an obsolete vessel 废

舰；an obsolete word 已废的词。

obsolescent (going out of use or becoming out of date) “逐渐被废弃的，快要不用的”；Do you think that faxes are

obsolescent?

52. officious&official

officious “爱管闲事的”，“非正式的”；an officious

statement 非正式声明。

official “官方的”，“公务上的”；an official gazette 官方通报；an official letter 公函，公文；an official record 正式记录

53. peaceable&peaceful

peaceable (peace loving, mild, placid, not inclined to quarrel

or fight or existing in peace) “平&的”；“温&的”；“温顺的”。

peaceful “和平的，太平的”；“宁静的”；“爱好和平的”；a peaceful night's sleep ；peaceful coexistence 和平共处；peaceful uses of atomic energy 原子能的和平应用。