2024年6月19日发(作者：)

either tolerance or immunity.

【名解】cross presention: APC can capturingprocessing exogenous antigen and presenting to CD8 T cell by MHC1

pathway.

【名解】Positive selection:DP cells that bind, with moderate affinity, to MHC-Ag on thymic stroma cells

survive----MHC restriction MHC I----CD8+ T cells MHC II----CD4+ T cells

Negative selection:Cells that bind to MHC-Ag on thymic stroma cells (or auto-reactive T cells, ART) with high affinity will

undergo apoptosis----Formation of central immune tolerance

【名解】ALLELIC EXCLUSION：Expression of a gene on one chromosome prevents expression of the allele on the second

chromosome，Ensures only one specificty of Ab expressed per cell.

WHY:Allelic exclusion prevents unwanted responses;Allelic exclusion is needed for efficient clonal selection;Allelic

exclusion is needed to prevent holes in the repertoire

【名解】Affinity maturation ：Affinity maturation is the process by which the affinity of Abs produced in response to a protein

Ag increases with prolonged and repeated exposure to that Ag.

【名解】Treg: Down-regulation of immune response by inhibiting the activation and proliferation of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells.

【名解】FoxP3+ :is the transcription factor that program the development of Tregs （IPEX综合症）【名解】Immune

tolerance :is the process by which the Immune system does not attack an antigen. Is an active process which is different from

immunodeficiency or immunosuppression.

【名解】AICD:Activation-induced Cell Death,recognition and deletion of T lymphocytes that have been

induced to proliferate by receptor-mediated activation, preventing their overgrowth.

【名解】AIRE(autoimmune regulator): transcription factor that enables ectopic expression in the thymus of

genes usually considered tissue-specific.

【名解】Immuno-labeling techniques：Specific Abs (or Ags ) labelled with fluorescein, enzymes or radioisotopes are used

as probes for the detection of Ags (or Abs).

【名解】ELASA

【简答】Functions of V regions：Recognition and binding to antigen by HVR (CDR)

- neutralization of toxins (e.g. diphtheria,

tetanus);

- immobilization of microorganisms;

- neutralization of viral activity

Function of C regions (Fc portion)

1. Activation of complement: IgM, IgG

Ab( IgM、IgG )+Ag--- C1q----补体经典途径

IgG4、IgA和IgE的凝聚物----补体旁路途径

2. Binding to Fc receptor of cells

Opsonization: enhancement of Ag uptake by macrophages (M?)

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC): NK cells.

Participation in type I hypersensitivity: IgE

3. Passage through the placenta (IgG, CH2)

and mucosa (sIgA)