2024年5月2日发(作者：)

基本的翻译技巧一般包括

1).Diction(选词用字); 2).Amplification(增益); 3).Omission(省略);4).Repetiton(重

复); 5).Conversion(转换); 6).Restructuring(词序调整); 7).Negation(正说反译，反说正译); 8).Division(长

句拆译).

遣词用字是任何翻译工作者自始至终需面临的一个现实问题。由于英汉分属不同的语系，所以在

翻译时源语与译语之间往往没用相对固定的词义对应关系。本期用对比的方式归纳了英汉词字层次上

的五种对应情况：1.完全对等，2.多词同义，3.一词多义，4.词义交织，5.无对等词语。

词义辨析是遣词用字的前提。本期从四个角度探讨了如何判断某一英语词语的准确含义，即

1.根据构词法辨别词义；

2.根据指代关系辨别词义；

3.根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义；

4.根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义。

在词义辨析的基础上，本期归纳了英语词语翻译的8种常用技巧：1.推演法，2.移植法，3.引伸

法，4.替代法，5.释义法，6.合并法，7. 图形法和8.音译法。

1. Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level

----英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况

In most cases there is no existing pattern for sentence translation, nor are there fixed rules for word transfor

mation. Generally speaking, the correspondence between English and Chinese at word level may be categori

zed as follows:

1) Word-for-word Correspondence

This is most evidently shown in proper nouns and technical terms.

For example: Marxism = 马克思主义 Aspirin ＝ 阿斯匹林

2) One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same Meaning

This is a common case in translation.

For example:

犬：dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier……

3) One Word with Several Equivalents of Different Meaning

This is also very common in translation. For example:

carry: 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..

走：walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, trapes, shamble, prance, scamper, clump, tiptoe ….

羊： sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb……

4) Equivalents Interwoven with One Another

5) Words Without Equivalents

In this case, an explanation is given instead of an equivalent.

For example:clock-watcher: 老是看钟等下班的人

阴： (in Chinese thought) the soft inactive female principle or force in the world

阳： (in Chinese thought) the strong active male principle or force in the world

（目不识）丁: (not know one's) ABC

2. Methods to Discriminate the Original Meaning of an English Word

-----词义辨析

Since English words are prone to various meanings, it is of vital importance for a translator to discern the rig

ht meaning of a given word. And the following are the major methods of discriminating word meaning sugge

sted by some linguists.

1) Judging from the Word Formation

In order to discriminate the original meaning of an English word, it is necessary for us to have a knowledge

of English lexicology, and specifically, a knowledge of word formation, such as compounding, derivation, af

fixation, blending, acronym, clipping, etc. A good command of them will help to shed light on the correct me

aning of some difficult words.

For example, the word ""parabiospheric"", which consists of para-(outside) +bio-(biologic) +spheric (having