2024年4月16日发(作者：)

2012年大学英语四级阅读理解辅导(1)

5个方向考查对观点态度的领会

这类题目的题干中一般有the author argues, according to the author,Professor Linton Believes

that,the passage decribes…in a tone of等明显标志。

1 作者对某人/事物的观点

解题技巧：

这种题目一般考查的是对文章主人公或主题事物的观点。以第一人称行文的文章，作者的观

点往往出现在带有第一人称标志词(I,we,my)的句子中。多数的文章则是以一种客观论述的手法行

文，作者的观点会在段落的首尾或者文章的首尾出现。

Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in

the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual territory ofr economists, but enhancing

women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economics as a social issue. And

economics, with its emphasis on incentives, porvides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so

many girls are deprived of an education…..

Q The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _________.

A. rewarding B. expensive C. troublesome D. labor-saving

【解析】 选A。文章的第一句话就说，在发展中国家让女性接受教育所能带来的回报比

其他任何投资带来的回报都要高(quite possibly yields a higher rate of return)所以选A有回报的。

2012年大学英语四级阅读理解辅导(2)

作者的行文态度

解题技巧

作者的行文态度是作者在描述文章那个主题任务或事物时在文字中所表现出来的一种心理

倾向。如果是描述一个问题，那么从文章中列举的解决方法的效果、对未来的预期等可以判断作

者的态度是悲观、谨慎或乐观。如果是介绍一个人或物，从文章中谈到的优点或缺点、进步或退

步等，可以判断作者的态度是鼓吹、批判或中立。如果是纯粹的说明问(如，科学研究介绍)，行

文态度一般都是客观的，不带感情色彩的。

练习

Unless we spend money to spot and prevent asteroids now,one might crash into Earth and destroy

life as we know it, say some scientists Asteroids are bigger versions of the meteorites that race across

the night sky. Most orbit the sun far from Earth and don’t threaten us. But there are also thousands

whose orbits put them on a collision course with Earth. Buy $ 10 million a year for the next 25 years to

locate most of the space rocks. By the time we spot a fatal one, the scientists say, we’ll have a way to

change its course. Some scientists favor pushing asteroids off course with nuclear weapons. But the

cost wouldn’t be cheap.

Is it worth it? Two things experts consider when judging any risk are: 1) how likely the event

is:and 2) How bad the consequences if the event occurs. Experts think an asteroid big enough to

destroy lots of life might strike Eart once every 500,000 years. Sounds pretty rare — but if one did fall,

it would be the end of the world. “If we don’t take care of these big asteroids, they’ll take care of us,”

says one scientist. “It’s that simple.”

The cure, though, might be worse than the disease. Do we really want fleets of unclear weapons

sitting around on Earth? “The world has less to fear from doomsday rocks than from a great unclear

fleet set against them,” said a New York Times article.

Q: Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in this passage?

A Optinmistic B Critical C Objective. D Arbitrary

解析

选C。第一段第一句说我们必须投入资金来发展小行星，以防某一颗撞击地球毁灭了声明。

第一段主要描述了撞击的危险性和防撞的方法。第二段介绍投入资金的必要性。第三段说人们对

防撞的方法有很大的顾虑。通关全文，对于撞击的危险，人们已经想出了方法来防止，但是防止

的方法却也有很大的危险性。可见作者是在客观地陈述防撞问题上存在的问题。

2012年大学英语四级阅读理解辅导(3)

文中人物的观点或态度

《解题技巧》：文章中涉及的个人或组织的态度也是一个常考点。解答这类题目时，应该用这些

个人的姓名或组织的名称作为线索词急性定位，找到原文中相应的段落或句子，再根据文中的用

词和句式进行判断

练习: …Ofen, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work

with middle-aged and aged parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. “ They worry they’ll

be mistaken for grandparents, or that they’ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery

school,” says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist. But at the core of those little fears there is often a

muchi bigger one: “that they won’t be alive enough to support and protect their child,” she says….

Q: What’s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?

A . Being laughed at by other people.

B. Slowing down of their paces of life.

C. Being mistaken for grandparents.

D. Approaching of death

【解析】 选D。根据题干中New York psychologist Joann Galst回到原文迅速定位，题干

中的biggest对应原文中的core和muchi bigger one。答案应在冒号后面的引文部分：“担心不能

活到足够大的年岁一直抚养和保护孩子”。所以选D，death对应原文中的won’t be alive.

文教：学校教育

Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in

short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time

they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The

length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from

person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his

familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on

how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual

aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one

fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth

of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in

the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids

so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very

clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve

his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between

words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of

eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases

would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

Q:1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .

A. one’s familiarity with the text

B. one’s purpose in reading

C. the length of a group of words

D. lighting and tiredness

2. The author may believe that reading ______.

A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

B. requires a reader to see words more quickly

C. demands an deeply-participating mind

D. demands more mind than eyes

3 What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see

words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?

A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.

B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to

comprehend words.

C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.

D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.

B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.

C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.

eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.

5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________

A critical B neutral C prssimistic D optimistic

解题思路

1 C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的

熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本题的答案。

2 C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒

数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需要大脑的深度参与”

正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读

速度。所以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不

选D

3 C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概

念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的意思应该是那些

(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是

作者想表达的方向。

4 D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是

本题答案。

5 A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读

能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。