2024年4月7日发(作者：)

控江中学 2018-2019 学年高二第一学期英语试卷

（考试时间 120 分钟；满分 140 分）

第 I 卷

Part One

(30%)

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,

C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and playing with others. However,

playing sports can have(1)______effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect

or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids

play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been(2)_______at or called names while

playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad(3)______of sports. They think sports are just

too aggressive.

Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main(4)______of

too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children(5)______aggressive adult behavior.

This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and

coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave

aggressively themselves, sending children the message that(6)______is everything. Many parents

go to children's sporting events and shout(7)______ at other players or cheer when their child

behaves(8)______. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is(9)______ or are

pushed to continue playing even when they are injured(10)______, the media makes violence seem

exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on

television.

As a society, we really need to(11)______this problem and do something about it. Parents

and coaches(12)______ should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children

better(13)______. They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should

teach children to(14)______, themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be

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allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this

gives the message that(15)______ is not as important as winning.

1. A. restrictive

2. A. knocked

3. A. impression

4. A. resource

5. A. question

6. A. winning

7. A. praises

8. A. proudly

9. A. acceptable

10. A. By contrast

11. A. look up to

12. A. in particular

13. A. techniques

14. A. respect

15. A. body

B. negative

B. glanced

B. concept

B. cause

B. understand

B. practicing

B. orders

B. ambitiously

B. impolite

B. In addition

B. face up to

B. in all

B. means

B. relax

B. fame

C. active

C. smiled

C. taste

C. course

C. copy

C. fun

C. remarks

C. aggressively

C. possible

C. As a result

C. make up for

C. in return

C. values

C. forgive

C. health

D. instructive

D. shouted

D. expectation

D. consequence

D. neglect

D. sport

D. insults

D. bravely

D. accessible

all

D. come up with

D. in advance

D. directions

D. enjoy

D. spirit

Part Two

II. Grammar(11%)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below , fill in each blank with the proper forms of the given

words to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.

Sports shoes that work out (16) _______their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in

front of the television have been devised in the UK.

The shoes — named Square Eyes — contain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer

chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. A wireless transmitter passes the

information to a receiver (17) _______ (connect) to a television, and this decides how much

evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the day’s efforts.

The design was inspired by a desire to fight (18) _______the rapidly ballooning waistlines

among British teenagers, says Gillian Swan, (19) _______developed Square Eyes as a final year

design project at Brunel University to London, UK. “We looked at current issues and childhood

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overweight really stood out,” she says. “And I wanted to tackle that with my design.”

(20) _______a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television

automatically (21) _______ (switch) off. And further time in front of the TV (22) _______only be

earned through more steps.

Swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily

amounts of (23) _______. Health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch

no more than two hours of television. So, every 100 steps recorded by the Square Eyes shoes

(24) _______ (equal) precisely one minute of TV time.

Existing pedometers（计步器）normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count

of steps by measuring sudden movement. Swan says these can be easily tricked (25) _______

recording steps through shaking. But her shoe has been built to be (26) _______ (hard) for lazy

teenagers to cheat. “It is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “That was one of my

main design considerations.”

Section B

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be

used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. organizations B. physically C. adapted D. motivated E. potential

F. issued G. individuals H. critical I. participants J. typically K. involved

Youth sport has the (27) _______to accomplish three important objectives in children’s

development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be (28) _______active,

which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been

considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn

important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport

programs are (29) _______for the learning of motor skills(运动技能); these motor skills serve as a

foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport (30) _______. When coachers

develop activities for youth practices and when sport (31) _______design youth-sport programs,

they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.

Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate

practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of

participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines

deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are

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regulated by flexible rules (32) _______from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children

or by an involved adult. Children (33) _______change rules to find a point where their game is

similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change

soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field

or in someone’s backyard). When (34) _______in deliberate play activities, children are less

concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with

the behavior (having fun).

On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through

involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice

activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are (35) _______by the goal of

improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in

deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the

most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when (36) _______are involved in

deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective

means available. For example, the backhand skill in tennis could be learned and improved over time

by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively

improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable.

Although the drills used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable,

they might be the most relevant to improving performance.

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or

unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the

one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

The 2012 London Olympics had enough problems to worry about. But one more has just been

added-a communications blackout caused by solar storms.

After a period of calm within the Sun, scientists have detected the signs of a fresh cycle of sunspots

that could peak in 2012, just in time for the arrival of the Olympic torch in London.

Now scientists believe that this peak could result in vast solar explosions that could throw

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billions of tons of charged matter towards the Earth, causing strong solar storms that could jam

the telecommunications satellites and Internet links sending five Olympic broadcast from London.

"The Sun's activity has a strong influence on the Earth. The Olympics could be in the middle of

the next solar maximum which could affect the functions of communications satellites," said

Professor Richard Harrison, head of space physics at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in

Oxfordshire.

At the peak of the cycle, violent outbursts called coronal mass ejections (日冕物质抛射) occur

in the Sun's atmosphere, throwing out great quantities of electrically-charged matter."A coronal

mass ejection can carry a billion tons of solar material into space at over a million kilometers per

hour. Such events can expose astronauts to a deadly amount, can disable satellites, cause power

failures on Earth and disturb communications," Professor Harrison added. The risk is greatest during

a solar maximum when there is the greatest number of sunspots.

Next week in America, NASA is scheduled to launch a satellite for monitoring solar activity

called the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), which will take images of the Sun that are 10 times

clearer than the most advanced televisions available.

The Rutherford Appleton Laboratory helped to make the high-tech cameras that will capture

images of the solar flares (太阳耀斑) and explosions as they occur.

Professor Richard Hold away, the lab's director, said that the SDO should be able to provide

early warning of a solar flare or explosion big enough to affect satellite communications on Earth

"If we have advance warning, we'll be able to reduce the damage. What you don't want is things

switching off for a week with no idea of what's caused the problem," he said.

37. The phrase "communications blackout" in Paragraph 1 most probably refers to________ during

the 2012 Olympics.

A. the extinguishing of the Olympic torch

B. the collapse of broadcasting systems

C. the transportation breakdown in London

D. the destruction of weather satellites

38. What can be inferred about the solar activity described in the passage?

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A. The most fatal matter from the coronal falls onto Earth.

B. The solar storm peak occurs in the middle of each cycle.

C. It takes several seconds for the charged matter to reach Earth.

D. The number of sunspots declines after coronal mass ejections.

39. According to the passage, NASA will launch a satellite to________.

A. take images of the solar system

B. provide early warning of thunderstorms

C. keep track of solar activities

D. improve the communications on Earth

40. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A. Solar Storms: An Invisible Killer

B. Solar Storms: Earth Environment in Danger

C. Solar Storms: Threatenting the Human Race

D. Solar Storms: Human Activities to Be Troubled

(B)

Elixir

written by Eric Walters

Twelve-year-old Roth becomes a friend of Dr. Banting and his assistant, Mr. Best, who are in search of

a cure for diabetes (糖尿病). She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being

experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best.

George Washington Carver

written by Elizabeth Macleod

Meet the "Peanut specialist", George Washington Carver, the inventor and professor who made over 325

products out of peanuts. Through his agricultural research, he also greatly improved the lives of countless

black farmers in the southern Unite States. See also MacLeod's Albert Einstein: A life of Genius.