2024年4月5日发(作者：)

Hillary Rodham Clinton released the first television spot of her Senate

campaign this morning, a 30-second commercial that will begin airing statewide

on Thursday. The spot, titled “First,” uses numerous still photos to highlight

landmarks in Mrs. Clinton’s career, while the voiceover says she is “more than a

first lady.”

There is no mention of Mrs. Clinton’s rival for New York’s Senate seat, New

York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani.

Clinton campaign spokesman Howard Wolfson said the ad was “positive”

and “biographical,” instead of focusing on the first lady’s opponent.

Mrs. Clinton has previously aired radio ads, but has generally stayed with a

strategy of making extensive campaign appearances instead of using television

spots, while Giuliani has already run statewide TV ads.

Text of Hillary Commercial:

First she became a lawyer, named one of the top hundred in America.

Her first cause was children, fighting abuse and chairing the board of the

Children’s Defense Fund.

Her first priority was public schools, helping to establish teacher testing.

More than a first lady. For 30 years, she’s fought for children and families.

As New York’s senator, she’ll fight for better schools and heath care for

children.

Hillary, Put her to work for all of us.

1. What does the word “air” in the first sentence mean?

A. dry B. express C. breathe D. broadcast

2. What does “more than first lady” in the first paragraph suggest?

A. Hillary is not a first lady.

B. Hillary does much more than what a first lady is expected to do.

C. There are more women in America who does better than Hillary does.

D. Hillary is doing better than her husband.

of the following statement is true regarding the Senator campaign

according the passage?

A. Hillary has appeared on TV shot for numerous times.

B. Hillary rarely makes her public appearance.

C. Giuliani has made TV advertisement for himself.

D. Hillary has a bigger chance to win the campaign.

4. Hillary’s campaign focuses on all the flowing except_____.

A. children’s health care

B. school education for children

C. combating child abuse

D. family planning policy

of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?

A. First Lady’s Senator Campaign

B. Hillary’s TV Advertisement

C. A Rivalry for New York’s Senate Seat

D. The Focuses of Hillary Campaign

[难点]

1． 今早，希拉里竞选纽约州议员的电视演说拉开了序幕；Hillary Rodham Clinton：

希拉里；美国现任总统克林顿夫人。Spot:（在无线电广播、电视中播出的）短小节目；

commercial:宣传

2．这句话的意思是该电视节目特别播出了希拉里政绩上的一些重要照片。Highlight:

突出；landmark：（具有转折意义的）重大事件

3． Voiceover：旁白；话外音

4． Biographical:关于一个人的材料的；美国，一般的竞选广告都包括竞选双方的资

料，但是在该电视广告里，只播放了希拉里的资料，所以克氏竞选团的发言人说，这次广

告具有肯定意义。

5． Strategy:策略

6． Abuse：虐待

[答案]

1.D

考点：该题是一个词汇题

解析：本题提问的是第一段中的“air”是什么意思。由这句话我们可以得知，希拉里

今天早晨发表了她竞选纽约州议员的电视宣传；为时30分钟的电视宣传将于星期二开始

进行全国播放。由该句的意思我们可以猜出“air”的意思为“播放”。所以，答案为D。

而其他三个词A（晒干），B（表达）和C（呼吸）均与原义不符，故不能入选。

2．B

考点：这是一个理解判断题。

解析：本题提问的是第一段里“more than first lady”是什么意思。在世界各地，第

一夫人作为国家元首的妻子，是一国之母，她的形象一般是一个帮助总统处理好家务，并

且进行一些妇女活动和慈善事业，借此来提高元首的形象。但是，希拉里作为第一夫人，

她所做的超出了第一夫人的职责。她不但在社会活动中经常露脸，而且直接参与政事，开

始竞选起议员来了。所以，选项B应该是该题的答案。

3．C

考点：这是一个对原文事实的理解题。

解析：本题提问的是对此次参议院竞选，以下哪一个说法是正确的。文章的第四段告

诉我们，希拉里以前曾经在广播上作过宣传，但是她一直采取的战略是频频在公众场合出

现，而不是使用电视宣传；与她不同的是，Giuliani已作过全国电视宣传。由该段可知，

选项C为正确答案。从文章的第一句话我们可以得知，这是希拉里第一次在电视上为自己

作宣传，所以，选项A和B不符合原文；此次议员竞选，花落谁手尚未分晓，所以，选项

D也不能入选。

4．D

考点：这是一个对原文细节的分析判断题。

解析：本题提问的是以下哪一下不是希拉里的竞选重点。希拉里的竞选广告在文章的

最后几段里；它的重点是学校教育；作者评论道，在过去的30年里，希拉里一直都在为

儿童和家庭的幸福斗争。将来当了纽约的参议员，她会为孩子们的良好教育和健康保险而

努力；由此我们得知，选项A（儿童健康保险）B（儿童的学校教育）和C（打击虐待儿童

现象）都是她的竞选重点，只有选项D（计划生育政策）与原文不合，所以，D为本题答

案。

5．A

考点：该题是一个主旨题，考的是文章的题目应该是哪一个。

解析：本文从第一夫人希拉里-克林顿为其入选纽约参议员拉开序幕讲起，对目前的竞

选状况作了一个大概介绍，并且对希拉里的竞选内容作了一个介绍，同时，作者表达了他

自己的观点；整篇文章以介绍她的竞选情况为主，所以，选项A（第一夫人竞选参议员）

用以概括全文最为全面，因此，A为正确答案。

Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual

problem is how to dispose of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the

University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem—how to collect

body heat. They have designed a collection system which utilizes not only body

heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bubs and refrigerators as well.

The system works so well that no conventional fuel is needed to make the

campus’s six buildings comfortable.

Some parts of most modern buildings—theaters and offices as well as

classrooms are more than amply heated by people and lights and sometimes must

be air-conditioned even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing

it is called “heat recovery.” A few modern buildings recover heat, but the

University’s system is the first to recover heat from some buildings and re-use it

in others.

Along the way, pit has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers.

The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. (76) Male students

emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student, the more heat he

produces. It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown

campus would be a hardworking, overweight male genius.

1. Until recently, body heat has caused problems because it ______.

A. was difficult to collect

B. came in a variety of forms

C. was difficult to get rid of

D. tended to be absorbed by physical objects

2. Which of the following is true of the heating system of the Johnstown

campus?

A. The heat is supplied by human bodies only.

B. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and other heat-emitting objects.

C. The heat is supplied by both human bodies and conventional fuel.

D. The heat is supplied by human bodies, other heat-emitting objects, and

conventional fuel.

phrase “even in winter” (in line 8) most nearly means ______.

A. if the winter is especially warm

B. during all of the year except the winter

C. in the winter as well as in other seasons

D. during the evenings in the winter

4. The phrase “heat recovery” refers to a ______.

A. method of concealing the source of heat

B. special form of air conditioning

C. supplementary hot water system

D. way of reclaiming and re-using heat

5. According to the passage which of the following would produce the LEAST

amount of heat?

A. A fat female who studies hard.

B. A thin female who does not study.

C. A fat male who does not study.

D. A thin male who studies hard.

一、文章大意和总体结构分析

这篇文章，向我们介绍了一种全新的能量利用方式，收集人体热能用于供热。在大力

提倡环保的当今社会，这种能源的回收再利用意义重大，这篇文章开阔了学生的视野。

文章的开头作者便提出身体热能这个人人皆知的概念，虽然我们知道身体会排除热量，

但是却从未想过去利用这些热量。第二句作者便将读者带入一个全新的视角，即如何在生

活中利用这些热量。匹兹堡大学的例子很好地证明了人体热量的利用价值。

接下来，作者比较详细地介绍了这种利用人体热量的系统，即热量回收再利用，并指

出已经有一些大楼正在利用这种自然、环保的资源。

最后一段，作者向我们介绍了一项有趣的研究成果，即身体强壮、学习刻苦的男性会

排放出更多的热量。

二、试题详解

1.C 答案是开头的第二句：The usual problem is how to dispose of it。Dispose of

“处理解决”。

2.B 答案在第一段的第三句中。他们设计了一种收集系统，它不但利用身体的热，还

收集由灯泡、冰箱等散发出来的热。有了这两种热能，作者指出在校园中已无需任何

conventional fuel

3.C 第二段中说：大多数现代化的大楼有些部分—戏院、办公室以及教室是用人体和

灯光的热来供热的，有时候甚至在冬天的空调也是由它们来供热。Even意为“甚至”。

4.D 回收再利用热能。此题考察学生对全文的总结能力，以及reclaim和re-use的词

义。

5.B 最后一段倒数第二句说：男学生发出的热量比女生发出的热量多，学生体重越重

产生的热量越多。学习刻苦的比学习不刻苦的产生的热量多。所以最瘦的女生产生的热量

最少。

三、文章长难句分析

Male students emit more heat than female students, and the larger a student,

the more heat he produces. 男学生散发的热量多于女学生，并且身体体积越大，产生

的热量就越多。

Emit排放、散发。The more…, the more…,为固定句式，意为“越…，越…”。

四、核心词汇

no matter无论;gives off散发;conventional fuel常规燃料;heat recovery热能回

收;a great

deal 大量;the more…, the more… 越…，越…

America is in no immediate danger of “running out of water”. People in the

West have been aware that water is a precious commodity and must be conserved.

In the damp East, an excess of water led to complacency until two factors created

concern over our water supply. First, the periods of drought from the 1961 to 1966

in the Northeast affected crop production and used up the surface and ground

water supplies. Second, attention was called to rapid increases in the rates of

pollution of these waters resulting from increased urban and industrial growth. As

a result, there is an increasing awareness of the need for conserving the quantity

and quality of our nation’s water supplies.

Water is a renewable resource, but it is not exhaustible. When used for

municipal, industrial, or agricultural purposes, it is not destroyed, but generally

finds its way back into our water supply. This used water now carries some waste

materials. These dirty waters are often dumped into large bodies of water or are

disposed of on land. In the latter instance, evaporation concentrates some of the

wastes on the soil surface. On the other hand, water moving through the soil will

eventually carry some of the wastes down into the ground water supplies,

Eventually, all water evaporates and later returns to the earth as rain or snow in a

relatively purer state.

Through this never-ending cycle, there is just as much water in this country

now as there ever was. The amount, however, does not increase. Our rapid

population growth and our agricultural and industrial expansion have caused our

water needs to soar. By withdrawing water from streams too quickly, we have in

some instances upset the balance of nature’s built-in renewal processes for

conserving water. As a result, some of our streams and lakes have become “wet

deserts.” There is still plenty of water in them, but its water is so polluted that it

supports almost no life at all.

passage is mainly about_____.

A. water resources of the United States

B. the renewal processes of water in mature

C. the importance of water conservation

pollution in America

2. The word “drought” in the sentence “First, the periods of

drought---ground water supplies.” Most probably means_____.

A. catastrophe of too much rain

B. danger of running out of water

C. calamity dry weather

D. damage caused by typhoon

3. Water is relatively purer in_____.

A. fast moving streams and rivers

B. underground water supplies

C. mountainous areas

D. rain and snow

4. When the author says that lakes have become “wet deserts”,._____

A. he is being angry

B. he is being optimistic

C. he is being sad

D. he is being humorous

5. It is implied in the passage that______

A. water can be polluted by deserts

B. there are many water conservation programs in America

C. water keeps evaporating from the earth’s surface

D. water is not polluted by waster materials

[难点]

out of 用完，耗尽

ity 商品，货物

cency 自满，满足

t 长期干旱，旱灾

from 是---的结果，由于----而发生

ustible 用不完的，无穷尽的

pal 市政的，市办的

e of 处理，丢掉，清除

ation 蒸发

aw 提取，取回

t 放下，放置

[答案]

1.C

考点：这是一道典型的文章主旨题。

解析：文章第一段的最后一句话是文章的中心思想，指出人们越来越意识到保护水的

量和质的必要性。第二、三段主要讨论节约用水和水污染 的危害。第二段指出，水虽然百

一种可再生的资源，但并不是用之不竭;第三段说，人口的急剧增加，工农业的快速发展使

得用水需求高涨并造成严重的水污染。综上所述，我们可以看出，文章主要讨论保护水资

源的重要性。选项A、B、D都是以偏概全。

2.C

考点：这是一道理解题。

解析：题目要求猜测“drought”一词的含义，我们可以通过这个词的上下文来理解

它的意思。文章第一段第四句说，1961至1966年东北部地区的drought影响了农作物

的生产，使地表水和地下水供应枯竭。据此我们可以推断出这个词的含义是旱灾。

3.D

考点：这是一道细节题。

解析：答案在文章第二段的最一句：“Eventually, all water evaporates and later

returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.”(最终所有的水蒸发，

然后以更加纯净的形式降雨或降雪回到地球。)

4.D

考点：此题考察学生对作者态度的理解。

解析：文章第三段最后一句很好地解释了“wet desert”的含义，即：一些河流、湖

泊中有大量的水，但污染非常严重，几乎所有的生物都不能使用。根据这个解释，我们可

以理解作者说这番话的心情，作者面对这样一种情况只能感到悲哀，而不是愤怒，因为愤

怒无济于事，更不是感到乐观或幽默。

5.C

考点：此题考察学生的判断能力。

解析：根据文章第二段的最后一句：“Eventually, all water evaporates and later

returns to the earth as rain or snow in a relatively purer state.”，我们可以推断出水

不停地从地球表面蒸发掉，然后在高空中变成水的固态形式。选项A和D与文章内容不符。

选项B在文章中没有提及。

In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the early

postwar era, there was a quite widespread concern that computers would take

over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as

computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and

in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen

problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to

challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that

wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.

Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to

check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers

and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone awry.

Questioning and routine double checks must continue to be as much a part of

good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should

come with the following warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it

should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.

is the main purpose of this passage?

A. To look back to the early days of computers.

B. To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.

C. To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.

D. To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.

ing to the passage, initial concerns about computers were that they

might_____

A. lead us into the post-war era

B. be quite widespread

C. take control

D. take over routine tasks

passage recommends those dealing with computers to_____

A. be reasonably skeptical abort them

B. check all their answers

C. substitute them for basic thinking

D. use them for business purposes only

“internal computer” is_____

A. a computer uses exclusively by one company for its own problems

B. a person’s store of knowledge and the ability to process it

C. the most up-to-date in-house computer a company can buy

D. a computer from the post-war era which is very reliable

passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to

computers is_____

A. challenging

B. psychological

C. dramatic

D. malfunctioning

[难点]

read 普遍的，广泛的

e 减轻，解除，使得到解脱

ic 引人注目的，突然的

en 预见的，预知的

ant 不情愿的，不愿意的

ity 权威

ction 发生故障，发生功能障碍

投资;花钱买;耗费，投入

on 依赖，依靠

awry 出岔子，失败;(人)背离正道

tute 代替物，代用器

[答案]

1.D

考点：这是一道典型的文章主旨题。

解析：文章分析了人们过分依赖电子计算机这一问题，在结尾向人们提出了忠告：尽

管电子计算机可以提供各种帮助，但是它不应被视为代替人们基本思维和推理的东西。文

章主要目的是警告人们在心理上对计算机不要采取懒惰的态度。

2.C

考点：这是一道细节题。

解析：问题的答案在文章的第一句之中：“In what now seems like the prehistoric

times of computer history, the early postwar era, there was a quite widespread

concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.”(在计算机

历史的前期即战后初期，人们普遍担心计算机可以能会代替人类统治世界)选项C与这一句

的含义完全一致，故为正确答案。

3.A

考点：这是一道推断题。

解析：文章第二段第二句说：“Questioning and routine double checks must

continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer

days.”由此我们可以推断出，文章建议那些与计算机打交道的人应该对它们采取合理的怀

疑态度。

4.B

考点：这是一道理解题

解析：理解：“internal computer”的含义的关键是确定“internal”的意思。这个

词几个基本含义：内部的，体内的，内在的。从它所在的上下文来看，它的意思是：“体

内的”。“internal computer”是一种比喻说法，指人的大脑，它比计算机更聪明、更复

杂，具有储存知识和运用知识的能力。因此，选项B是正确答案。

5.B

考点：这是一道推断题。

解析：根据文章内容我们得知，当今电子计算机的问题既不是令人深思的也不是容易

出故障。而选项C与文章内容不符。它的问题是人们在心理上过分信赖它，对它的能力毫

不怀疑。