2024年3月31日发(作者：)

丝路情长 农圣家园

Shandong’s Agricultural History and Foreign Communication

源远流长的农耕文明

农圣故里

山东的农耕文明源远流长，历来农业发达。秦汉时期，今山东地区号称“膏壤千里”；西汉时期，山

东地区有人口1700余万，占全国当时人口的30%，人口密度居全国首位；战国时期，齐国号称“冠带衣

履天下”。临淄、定陶、亢父（今济宁）是汉代三大纺织中心，所产纺织品数量多、质量好，源源不断地通过“丝

绸之路”输往西域等地。中国古代的四大农书，三部出于山东，被尊为“农圣”的贾思勰的《齐民要术》对

世界农业科技、粮食生产等方面产生了深刻的影响。

《齐民要术》是中国现存最早最完整的一部综合性农书，也是世界农学史上最早最有价值的专著

之一。唐宋时期传到日本，大约在19世纪传到欧洲。英国学者达尔文（1809—1882）在其名著《物

种起源》和《植物和动物在家养下的变异》中就记述了曾参阅过这部“中国古代百科全书”，并援引有

关事例为他的著名学说——进化论进行佐证。

Long-Standing Farming Civilization

Hometown of Agricultural Saint

he farming civilization in Shandong has a long history, and its

agriculture has been flourishing ever since. In the period of the Qin

and Han dynasties, the present-day Shandong area was honored as

having a “thousand li of fertile farmlands”; in the Western Han dynasty, the

population in Shandong area was over 17 million, accounting for 30% of

the national population at that time, with the largest population intensity

nationwide; in the Warring States period, the state of Qi was honored as

↑

“having the most luxurious and fashionable silk and embroidery products

山东展出项目《齐民要术》。图/张威

Shandong exhibition project,

across China”. Linzi, Dingtao, Kangfu (the present-day Jining) were three

The Manual of Important Arts for the People

“Qimin Yaoshu” mostrato nello Shandong

weaving centers in Han dynasty, producing the silk products with the largest

quantity and best quality, which were traded incessantly through the “silk road” to the Western Regions and other

places. Three of the four most significant agricultural books in ancient China come from Shandong. The Manual of

Important Arts for the People by Jia Sixie, the honorable saint of agriculture, has exerted profound influence over

science, technology and grain production and other fields all over the globe.

The Manual of Important Arts for the People

is the earliest existing and most complete comprehensive agricultural

work in China, as well as one of the earliest and most valuable monographs. In the periods of the Tang and Song

dynasty, its influence spread to Japan. Some time in the 19th century, it was further passed on to Europe. Darwin

(1809—1882), the English scholar mentioned having referred to this “Chinese ancient encyclopedia” in his great works

of

The Origin of Species

and

Variationof Plants and Animals under Domestication

. Also, he referred to these relevant

cases as evidence to support his famous theory--the theory of evolution.

T

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丝路情长 农圣家园

Via lunga della seta San paese agricolo

Lunga storia agricoa

San paese agricolo

 

←

农圣贾思勰。图/孙书文

Agricultural Saint, Jia Sixie

Santo dell’agricoltura Jia Sixie

L

a provincia di Shandong ha una storia agricola lunghissima. Nelle dinastie Qin e Han, Shandong fu

nota come “UN terreno adatto per migliaia di chilometri”; nell’Han, questa provincia ebbe già una

popolazione di oltre 17 milioni occupando il 30% della popolazione totale della Cina e con la densità

più alta . Nella dinastia Zhanguo, il Regno Qi fu noto come“Il mondo degli abbigliamento e calzature”. Linzi,

Dingtao e Kangfu (oggi di Jining) furono i tre centri dell’industria Tessile nella dinastia Han, che esportò una

grande quantità di seta con alta qualità verso le regioni ’antica Cina,tra I Quattro Libri di

Agricoltura, tre furono nati in Shandong. Il “Qimin Yaoshu” ,compilato da Jia Sixie, conosciuto come “il Santo

dell’Agricoltura” ha avuto un profondo impatto sulla Tecnologia Agricola e La produzione del mondo.

Il

“Qimin Yaoshu”

è il primo e più completo fino ad oggi in Cina, ed anche è uno dei più importanti

Monografie nella storia dell' libro fu presentato in Giappone nelle dinastie Tang e Song , e

nell’800 è stato presentato in Europa. Charles Darwin (1809-1882) dichiarò di essere riferitosi a questo libro

durante le scritture dei suoi capolavori

“L'origine delle specie”

e

“La variazione degli animali e delle piante

allo stato domestico"

citando i diversi casi documentati in questa “enciclopedia dell’antica Cina” per provare

l’evoluzionismo.

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