2024年3月15日发(作者：)

百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我

Vocabulary

二十四骨气 the 24 seasonal division points

民族 ethnic group

重阳节 Double Ninth Festival

腊八粥 laba porridge

对联 New year’s scrolls

庙会 Temple Fairs

猜灯谜 guessing lantern riddles

端午节 Dragon Boat Festival

七夕节 the Double Seven Festival

元宵节 Lantern Festival

踩高跷 stilts

省墓 sweep tombs

香囊 perfume pouch

登高 ascending a height

冬至 Winter Solstice

The formal expressions of Chinese traditional festivals:

春节 the Sprlng Festival （ New

Yearls Day of the Chinese lunar calendar） 农历正月初一

元宵节（灯节) the Lantern Festival 农历正月十五

清明节 the Qing Ming Festival 四月五日前后

端午节 the Dragon-Boat Festiva 农历五月初五

中秋节 the MidAutumn Festival

（the Moon Festival） 农历八月十五

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七夕节 the Double-Seventh Day农历七月初七

重阳节 the Double Ninth Festival 农历九月初九

The expressions of customs:

春游 spring outing

荡秋千 playing on a swing

过年 celebrate the spring festival

春联 spring festival couplets

剪纸 paper-cuts

年画 new year paintings

买年货 do shopping for the spring festival ; do spring festival shopping

敬酒 propose a toast灯笼 lantern

烟花 fireworks

爆竹 firecrackers (people scare off evil spirits and ghosts with the loud pop.)

红包 red packets (cash wrapped up in red paper, symbolize fortune and wealth in the

coming

year.)

舞狮 lion dance (the lion is believed to be able to dispel evil and bring good luck.)

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舞龙 dragon dance (to expect good weather and good harvests)

戏曲 traditional opera

杂耍 variety show

灯谜 riddles written on lanterns

灯会 exhibit of lanterns

守岁 staying-up

拜年 pay new year's call; give new year's greetings; pay new year's visit

禁忌 taboo

去晦气 get rid of the ill- fortune

祭祖宗 offer sacrifices to one's ancestors

压岁钱 gift money; money given to children as a lunar new year gift

辞旧岁 bid farewell to the old year

扫房 spring cleaning; general house-cleaning

年糕 nian-gao; rise cake; new year cake

团圆饭 family reunion dinner

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年夜饭 the dinner on new year's eve

饺子 jiao-zi; chinese meat ravioli

Translation

1. 中国的传统节日拥有丰硕的文化意义和悠长的历史，组成了

中华文化重要辉煌的一部份。 节日的形成是一个国家历史文化积累

起来的漫长进程。一些历史人物被给予永恒的纪念渗入节日，所有这

些，都融合凝聚节日的内容里，使中国的节日有了深沉的历史感。中

国土地广袤有许多民族，不同民族在不同的地方有不同的节日。乃至

在同一个节日，他们也遵习不同的风俗。在这里咱们介绍一些重要普

遍的节日。事实上，这些传统节日吸收了不同地域许多民族的营养，

是整个中国的珍贵文化遗产。

Boasting rich cultural meaning and a long history, traditional Chinese

festivals compose an important and brilliant part of Chinese culture. The

formation of traditional festivals is a long process of historical and cultural

accumulation in a nation. Sometimes historical figures become the focus of

a festival, showing people's commemoration for them and endowing some

historical sense to it. As China is a vast land and has many ethnic groups,

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百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我

different ethnic groups have different festivals in different places. Even on

the same festival, they follow different customs. Here we introduce some

important and commonly celebrated festivals. In fact, these traditional

festivals have absorbed nourishment from different regions and various

ethnic cultures and are a precious cultural heritage for the whole Chinese

nation.

2. 传统节日是一个民族进展的历史产物。大多数传统节日都源

自于人们在农业生产生活中对丰收的期盼、对天地神灵和自然的崇

拜、和对历史人物的祭祀等等。中国传统节日深深植根于农耕文化当

中，在演变进程中深受儒家思想的影响。透过传统节日能够反映一个

民族的文化特色和民族精神。从某种程度而言，中国传统节日已经渐

渐摆脱原始禁忌和崇拜，演化成为表现儒家和谐思想的欢庆祥和的节

日。传统节日定型于汉代，在盛唐时被发扬光大,成为具有丰硕内容

和多样形式的宏扬中华民族优秀传统文化和传承中华传统美德的重

要载体。历代的文人雅士、诗人墨客，为一个个节日谱写了许多千古

名篇，使中国的传统节日包括着深厚的文化底蕴。

Traditional festivals are the historical products of a nation’s

development. Most traditional festivals originated from people’s

expectation for harvest in the agricultural production, the worship towards

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the gods and the nature, sacrifices to the historical characters and etc.

Chinese traditional festivals are deeply rooted in the agricultural civilization

and greatly influenced by Confucianism in the term of traditional festivals,

the distinct cultural characteristics of a people and the national spirits can be

observed. To some extent, Chinese traditional festivals have relieved from

the primitive taboos and tended to be happy festivals which reflect the

concept of harmony in festivals are shaped in Han dynasty and booming

in Tang dynasty,and it was at that time that traditional festivals became a

important carrier of the great traditional Chinese culture and the noble

traditional virtues with various forms and rich and poets in centuries have

wrriten massive amount of masterpieces for these festivals,letting

traditional festivals full of deep inside cultural information.

3. 中国传统节日作为一种行为层面的传统文化，根植于中国古

代农耕文化，在长期的流传进程中形成了自身独特的文化内涵，表现

了壮大的文化凝聚力与生命力，有时乃至于文化精神，民族精神相联

系，在社会进展进程中具有超级重要的作用。

Chinese traditional festivals which belong to a traditional customary

culture rooted in the farming culture in ancient the festivals contain their

unique cultural connotations ,reflect the strong cohesion and vitality of the

culture in the long historical are sometimes even related to the cultural

spirit and national spirit,and should play important roles in the development

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of society.

4．

农历九月九日，为传统的重阳节。因为古老的《易经》中把“六”定为阴数，为

阴性，把“九”定为阳数，为阳性。九月九日，日月并阳，两九相重，故而叫重阳，也叫重

九。也因为“九”与“久”谐音，前人以为是个值得庆贺的吉利日子.在古代，民间在重阳

节有登高祛病的风俗，故重阳节又叫“登高节”。 登高所到的地方，一般是登高山、登高

塔。唐朝文人写了许多重阳节的习俗；因此前人从很早就开始过此节日。

The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth

Festival. In an ancient book Yi Jing (or The Book of Changes), number "6" was thought to be of Yin

character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be Yang, meaning

masculine or positive. So the number nine in both month and day create the Double Ninth Festival,

or Chongyang Festival. Also, as double ninth was pronounced the same as the word to signify

"forever", the Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. The custom of

ascending a height to avoid epidemics was passed down from long time ago. Therefore, the Double

Ninth Festival is also called "Height Ascending Festival". The height people will reach is usually a

mountain or a tower. Ancient literary figures have left many poems depicting the activity，

consequently ancient Chinese began to celebrate this festival long time ago.

单词：

菊花：chrysanthemum

长寿：longevity

茱萸：dogwood

登高：ascend a height

菊花酒：Chrysanthemum Wine

重阳糕：Double Ninth Cake

清 明 节（Tomb-Sweeping Day） Qing Ming Jie（All Souls' Day）

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Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. More important, it is a

period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. Because it

reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.

Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on

the 106th day after the winter solstice. It is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the whole

family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinese being practical people

this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming

day. Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated.

清明节是一个纪念先人的节日。主要的纪念仪式是省墓，省墓是慎终追远、郭亲睦邻及

行孝的具体表现；基于上述意义，清明节因此成为华人的重要节日。 清明节是在仲春和暮

春之交，也就是冬至后的106天。省墓活动一般是在清明节的前十天或后十天。有些地域的

人士的省墓活动长达一个月。

Solstice 至，至点 forebear 祖先 dialect 方言 legend 传奇

consternation 惊愕 commemorate 庆贺，纪念

5. The Spring Festival 春节

The Chinese Spring Festival falls on the very first day of the Chinese Lunar year

. The celebration

of the Spring Festival, otherwise known as the Chinese New Year, starts from the first day of the first

lunar month and ends on the Lantern Festival, that is, the fifteenth of the month. T

he Spring Festival

to the Chinese is what Christmas to the Westerners

(中国人过春节相当于西方人过圣诞节).

The Spring Festival Eve 除夕

The Spring Festival Eve

, or the Chinese New Year’s Eve, is call the

Danian Sanshi

（大年三

十）in Chinese. It is a time of jubilance, with eyeful of Spring Festival couplets, earful of loud

firecrackers, and the kitchen full of yummy stuff cooking on the stove. Wherever they are, people will

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hurry back home for their family reunion on the eve.

The Spring Festival Eve Dinner 年夜饭

The Spring Festival Eve Dinner is known as the Dinner of Reunion

.

On the Eve, children away

from home will all come back to enjoy a tableful of delicacies together with their parents

. People in

the north prefer

jiaozi

, the southerners like

tangyuan

, sweet round dumplings to

indicate family

reunion

, and

niangao

, which means “

going higher and higher in the coming year

”.

Spring Festival Couples 贴对联

It has been a tradition for the Chinese to paste Spring Festival couples on the doors during the

Festival

. Words of auspiciousness are written in the couples, which are called

duilian

对联, or the Pair

Couplets, b

ecause the words on both couplets should be equal in number, parallel in form, and

attuned in meaning

. Sometimes people also paste a

hengpi

横批, a horizontal scroll bearing an

inscription, above the couples.

Gift Money 压岁钱

On the festive occasion, young children will pay New Year calls on and express their best wishes

to their elders who, in return, will offer them yasuiqian 压岁钱, money given to children as a Spring

Festival gift.

The money is usually wrapped up in red paper – a symbol of good fortune.

Setting off firecrackers 放鞭炮

Part of the Spring Festival celebration is to

set off firecracker

,

which is meant to add joy to the

festivity

. People wish that, by setting off firecrackers, good luck would come to them in the coming

year.

Paying New Year Calls 拜年

The Spring Festival is also a time to pay festive visits and say good wishes to one another among

relatives, friends and neighbours.

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Vising Temple Fairs赶庙会

During the Festival, people visit temple fairs, where an assortment of entertaining performances

takes place, including Yandko

秧歌 (a rirual folk dance popular in north China),

acrobatics

（杂技）

and folk art shows

. Varieties of snacks and commodity exchanges （商品交易）are also the integral

parts of the fair.

The Lantern Festival 元宵节

The 15

th

day of the first lunar month is the Chinese Lantern Festival,

which coincides with the

first full-moon night of the year

(这一天正好是新年的第一个月圆之夜). The major activities of

the day include

watching painted lanterns

,

solving riddles

,

setting off fireworks

, and eating

yuanxiao

元宵(sweet dumplings) made of

glutinous

[ˈglu:tinəs](粘的，胶装的)

rice flour

（糯米面，糯米

粉）.

Eating Yuanxiao 吃元宵

Eating

yuanxiao

元宵on the day of the Lantern Festival symbolizes

family reunion and

happiness

.

Yuanxiao are made with glutinous rice flour dough, stuffed with a variety of food such as

red bean paste, sesame, mixed nutlets with sugar. Minced meat is another favored flavor

(元宵用糯

米粉包馅制成，馅儿有豆沙、芝麻、各类果仁加白糖，还有肉糜馅等). In southern China, people

also eat

tangyuan

汤圆(like

yuanxiao

元宵).

Watching Painted Lanterns 赏花灯

On the night of the Lantern Festival, lines of painted lanterns are hung around the courtyard and

along both sides of the street.

The colorful lights against the full moon create quite a visual feast for

people to enjoy

(人们观灯赏月，其乐融融).

Solving Lantern Riddles 猜灯谜

Solving riddles written or printed on lanterns is another way of entertaining visitors on the night.

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The Dragon Boat Festival 端午节

The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth month on the Chinese Lunar

Calendar

. The story goes that the day is kept in memory of

the patriotic poet Qu Yuan

屈原who

died more than 2000 years ago.

It’s also a day to pray for agricultural harvests as well as to drive

pestilences [ˈpestiləns] away

(同时也是人们祈求农业丰收，驱除瘟疫的节日).

Qu Yuan (339BC? ～ 278BC?) 屈原

Qu Yuan 屈原,

a patriotic poet

of the Chu State 楚国in ancient China, is greatly respected by

people of all times, for both

his fine poetry and noble character

. It was on the fifth day of the fifth

lunar month in the year 278 BC

after the falling of the Chu State （楚国） that Qu Yuan （屈原）

gave his life to his beloved motherland by drowning himself in the river

(因楚国国都失陷，屈原悲

忿地投江而死).

Dragon Boat Racing 赛龙舟

The dragon boat is made of wood, with mythical dragon head and dragon tail decorations on it.

Dragon boat racing originally showed people’s wish to rescue Qu Yuan（屈原）from drowning, and

gradually became a popular competitive mass sport

(赛龙舟最初是表达屈原投江后，人们寻救他

的迫切心情，后来逐渐成为端午节流行的一项民间体育竞技活动).

Eating Zongzi 吃粽子

Legend has it that

in order to keep the fish away from eating Qu Yuan’s body, people would

throw rice wrapped in bamboo or reed [ri:d]（芦苇） leaves into the water to feed the fish.

That’s

how the tradition of eating zongzi 粽子(rice dumplings wrapped in leaves) around the Dragon Boat

Festival started. A zongzi （粽子）is usually made in the shape of a triangular or square lump (粽子

外形为三角形或四角形),

wrapped in large bamboo leaves

.

The ingredients are mostly glutinous rice,

beans, Chinese dates, or pork

.

Hanging Moxa 挂艾蒿

Moxa leaves are hung in front of every household during the Dragon Boat Festival in order to

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expel

[ɪk'spɛl]（驱逐）

evil spirits and to relieve people’s internal heat or fever

(驱邪解毒). The

sweet scent of the herb, however, can also repel flies and mosquitoes, and

purify the air

around the

house.

The Moon Festival 中秋节

The Moon Festival or the Mid-autumn Festival falls on the 15

th

of the eighth month of the

Chinese Lunar year

. It is also called the Festival of Family Reunion 团圆节, as the full moon around

that time very well

symbolizes harvests and reunion

. It is a time for family members to get together

and

savour

['seivə]尽情享受

moon cakes as they admire the full moon

.

The Moon Cake 月饼

The Cake of Reunion 团圆饼 is another name for the moon cakes. Made by wheat flour dough

and stuffed with a wide variety, sweet or salty

,

moon cakes are both the must-eat food and major gift

items around the Moon Festival

(月饼是中秋节人们互赠的主要礼物，也是节日的重要食物).

The Double Ninth Festival 重阳节

Chongyang

重阳— the Double Ninth Festival, also known as the Senior Citizens’ Day 老人

节, is on the ninth of the ninth lunar month.

As “nine” is regarded as a number of the Yang

(positive or masculine by nature in Chinese philosophy), two “nines” together makes a Chongyang,

or Double Yang

(中国前人把九称为阳数，阳在中国哲学中属阳性，代表男性阳刚特质，所以

九月九叫做重阳). On this day, people will go climbing mountains, drinking, and admiring

chrysanthemum [kri'sænθəməm] 菊花 flowers. More importantly, it’s a time for children to

show some tender loving care to the seniors or to show filial

['fɪlɪəl]

piety

['paɪətɪ]

for their

parents

. （filial peity 孝顺，孝心）

Climbing the Heights to Keep Away Troubles 登高避灾

The Double Ninth Festival is in autumn, when

married women are supposed to observe the

ritual of visiting their parents

and taking them to do some mountain-climbing, so that they could

enjoy the seasonal beauty together.

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Appreciating the Chrysanthemums 赏菊

The chrysanthemums are in full blossom at this time of the year, and the great variety of the

flower has long been the object of admiration for the Chinese

(品种繁多的菊花在秋季盛开，观赏

菊花是流传已久的节日风俗).

Offering Sacrifices to the Goddess of the Sea 祭海神

The ninth of the ninth lunar month happens to be the day when Mazu 妈祖, the Goddess of

the Sea, ascended to the heaven

. Grand ceremonies are held for her on the day in China’s coastal

cities including the Taiwan Region.

The God of Longevity

[lɔn'dʒevəti] 寿星老

the guardian of long-life

长寿的保护神

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