2024年3月3日发(作者：)

2021高考英语阅读解题专项之推理判断题（八）

一：知识讲解

1.文章出处题——对号入座法

例1 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,C)

As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is

growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others

out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost

device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard

precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers

apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing

things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These

patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's

identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's

connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already

familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the

word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device

could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very

low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward

to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team

hopes to make it to market in the near future.

is this text most likely from?

A.A diary. B.A guidebook.

C.A novel. D.A magazine.

解题 推理判断题。文章介绍了一种新的保护电子隐私空间的设备——智能键盘,并且希望该产品能很快进入市场。文章语言客观严谨,属于科普类文章,故答案为D项。

答案 D

2.写作意图题——体裁主旨法

例2 (2020天津,D)

After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make

the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance,

curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.

And I have never known an average man who had both. The two belong together.

Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.

Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from

the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the

great names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why?Why?Why?”

Fortunately, curiosity and discontent don't have to be learned. We are born with

them and need only recapture them.

“The great man,”said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his child's

heart.”Yet most of us do lose it. We stop asking questions. We stop challenging

custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful

average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into

the dark, to be satisfied.

Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once having

met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the

chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and

discontent and keep them awake.

How should you start?Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one

friend who couldn't arrange flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the

experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.

One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You haven't any special ability?

Most people don't; there are only a few geniuses. You haven't any time?That's good,

because it's always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe,

mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom's Cabin while cooking. You're too

old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and

that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.

However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for

you'll never be more alive than you are at this moment.

writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to .

e a definition

a comparison

a conclusion

t an argument

解题：推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写第一段的目的是 。这是一篇议论文,作者在第一段亮出自己的观点。D项“提出一个论点”正确。A:提议一个定义;B:作一个比较;C:得出一个结论。

答案 D

5.观点态度题——关键词句法

例3 (2020课标全国Ⅰ,C片段)

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while

most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?

cal. ive.

nt. vative.

解题： 推理判断题。本题题干意为:哪个单词可以最准确地描述作者对竞走的态度?在文章中,作者只是客观地介绍了竞走运动的特点以及优缺点,并没有表现自己的态度,因此B项(客观的)正确。A:怀疑的;C:宽容的;D:保守的。

答案 B

二：习题演练

（A）

Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while

most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.

Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the

Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer

than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight

through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground

at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity,

however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem

State University in Salem, Mass.

Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most

calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about

800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would

burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000

or more calories per hour.

However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.

Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four

times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground,

create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.

As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as

runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does

place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such

injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try

race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn

proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.

are race walkers conditioned athletes?

must run long distances.

are qualified for the marathon.

have to follow special rules.

are good at swinging their legs.

advantage does race walking have over running?

's more popular at the Olympics.

's less challenging physically.

's more effective in body building.

's less likely to cause knee injuries.

is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking?

g experts' opinions.

a medical checkup.

an experienced coach.

regular exercises.

word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?

cal. ive.

nt. vative.

答案

1.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么竞走运动员是有特殊要求的运动员?根据文章的第二段可知,竞走运动有非常特殊的动作要求,所以C项(他们不得不遵守特别的规则)正确。A:他们必须跑长距离;B:他们有跑马拉松的资格;D:他们善于摆腿。

2.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:和跑步相比,竞走有什么优势?根据文章最后一段的第一句可知,一些和跑步相关的身体损伤,如膝盖损伤,在竞走中就不常见,故D项正确。A:它在奥运会中更受欢迎;B:它对身体的要求更小;C:它对健身更有效果。

3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:Norberg 博士对想尝试竞走的人的建议是什么?根据文章最后一段的倒数第二句话可知,博士认为,任何一个想尝试竞走运动的人都要先向教练或有经验的竞走运动员学习正确的技巧。故A项正确。B:做医疗检查;C:雇一个有经验的教练;D:经常锻炼。

4.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:哪个单词可以最准确地描述作者对竞走的态度?在文章中,作者只是客观地介绍了竞走运动的特点以及优缺点,并没有表现自己的态度,因此B项(客观的)正确。A:怀疑的;C:宽容的;D:保守的。

（B）

This morning we’re going to head off down into the wetland,a very specific kind

of wetland called the Prairie fen.

You can find Nate Fuller counting Sarett Nature Center needs an

accurate count of Mitchell’s satyr butterflies to help preserve one of their last known

’re very particular about the kind of habitat where they can live,which is

part of what makes them so rare and amazing indicators for our water

,Sarett expert Ashley Cole-Wick with Michigan’s Natural Features

Inventory helps Fuller says,“When I first started working on the butterfly in

2013,we had 18 populations and in 2019,we had 10.”

The Mitchell’s satyr butterfly went on the endangered species list in

lly it was thought that loss of wetlands contributed to their

says,“It’s not just habitat quantity and quality of groundwater coming

into these wetlands seem to be a challenge for the g has all been

sorted out exactly.”While the decline is likely a combination of factors,the fact that

water quality might contribute is alarming because the wetlands are the headwaters

for the Midwest’s rivers and streams.

A captive breeding (人工繁殖) program was started four years ago at the Toledo

Zoo to help get to the bottom of the Director Ryan Walsh who heads

the program says it’s been the only successful captive breeding

caterpillars (毛毛虫) spent the winter in a special weather control room that helped

determine the Mitchell’s satyrs don’t do well below 4.4 degrees that

knowledge,the program produced 1,300 new eggs,a development that may go a long

way toward restoring the if all goes well,may one day the Mitchell’s

satyr butterfly earn a ticket off the endangered species list.

are the indicators for the water quality?

habitats.

butterflies.

wetlands.

experts.

is the main idea of the third paragraph?

importance of water quality.

s taken to protect the Mitchell’s satyr butterflies.

reasons why the number of Mitchell’s satyr butterflies declines.

natural conditions for the Mitchell’s satyr butterflies.

does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?

ving.

sing.

ring.

lling.

can we learn about the butterfly?

can easily be found.

is not endangered now.

will die above 4.4 degrees Celsius.

can be bred by humans.

参考答案

12B 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“They’re very amazing

indicators for our water quality”可知,米切尔眼蝶对自己居住的栖息地的种类很挑剔,这使得它们如此稀少并成为水质的指标,故选B项。

2.C 段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,最初人们认为湿地的丧失导致米切尔眼蝶的数量减少,但是Fuller认为不仅是湿地,地下水的数量和质量也是其减少的原因,由此可知,本段主要讲述米切尔眼蝶数量减少的原因,故选C项。

3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“the program produced 1,300 new

eggs,a development that may go a long way”可知,人工繁殖项目产出1 300个新卵,又结合米切尔眼蝶是濒危物种可推知,这是恢复眼蝶数量的一个新的进展,故选C项。

4.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句的内容和倒数第二句“With that

knowledge,the program produced he population”可知,米切尔眼蝶可以人工培育,故选D项。