2024年2月17日发(作者：)

TEXT A

II

defines greatness as the lasting contribution which a person

makes

or has made to human civilization.

example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence

and

dedication in achieving greatness.

orns and only children tend to make good leaders in

times of

crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.

4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker

and a

social person.

igence seems to be less important than other factors, such

as the

ability to communicate effectively.

ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also

crucial.

simply don’t devote the amount of time required.

study showed that enjoying one ’ s work is the best form of

motivation.

2

IV

ledge ted eristic

e ntial le

sic ia ion

bution(s) porary ted

V

behind history endowed

with

up with nowhere es on built on

in up with charge ...apart

VI

efficiency emergency fluency frequency

proficiency tendency urgency sufficiency

y iency ncy ency

cy ncy

3

VII

some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time

— it's

that they don't have good study habits.

en perform differently at school. It's not that they have

different

IQs — it's that they are brought up in different environments.

company is not very productive. It's not that its staff

aren't

talented — it's that their energy hasn't been channeled

effectively.

4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema

with you

— it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.

have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad — it's

probably that you have too much stress from your work.

VIII

ent Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic

and

political isolation. Instead, he believed in international

cooperation

through an association of nations. ers don't teach

students in

groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according

to their

4

different needs.

shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to

solve

the problem of the greatest urgency at present.

dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to

attend to

everything himself.

ng success shouldn't be measured by the scores the

students

receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the

students

have internalized the ability and desire to learn.

IX

BCBAD DCABA DABCA

X

西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断

地追求成功的动力。“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释

道。“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。有的只是程度上的差异而

已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。”他举出二战时

期的英国首相温斯顿?丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。丘吉尔在全国

上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在1940 年盟军

敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、

失败。我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。”

5

XI

ans tend to define people by the jobs they have/do. Such

characteristics as their family and educational backgrounds are

considered less important.

uncompromising personality explains why he could no

longer put

up with his employer and eventually submitted his resignation.

you really want to learn English well, you must put in a lot

of time

and energy, or you'll go nowhere. The same can be said of other

subjects.

actors fame is built on their innate beauty, but despite

his

short stature, Dustin Hoffman rose above and it is his excellent

acting

that set him apart.

he took charge, we discovered that there were striking

differences between him and his predecessor. He had the drive

and

passion, came up with many new ideas, and focused his work on

how to

raise our morale.

Xiaoping made history when he declared China's reform

and

opening-up policy. Despite tremendous obstacles, he made

lasting

contributions to our country's modernization with his

unrelenting

efforts.

6

could someone with a genius IQ be left behind by a

hardworking

person with an average IQ? It has to be acknowledged that

besides

one's IQ, many other factors have much to do with one's

achievements.

teacher is really remarkable in first motivating her

students so she

can really teach them something. It's not that she is talented, it's

that

she focuses completely or drawing their full attention in class.

第二单元

TEXT A

II

got no thanks for returning a wallet, though he deserved to.

wants to show how much people need gratitude to keep up

a

spirit of kindness and cooperation.

saved up for two years, went to Normandy in person, and

gave

her son's gold wristwatch to the woman.

send a short recording expressing his appreciation of the

author's

thoughtfulness and sent it to the author.

7

5.A patient whose life was saved by a blood transfusion came

back

again and again to donate his blood anonymously so that more

patients

could be saved.

does it by citing W.H. Hudson's gratitude for his wife's

day-to-day

heroism.

people who do little things for us all year round.

can make people take infinite pains with their work.

ude is needed all the time and none of us can give too

much of

it.

III

ion e g

e tional us ude

d ble

IV

/took my fancy 2.a mistake on John's part

for granted twice

8

up ed to

about pains with

n from ing of

one way or another up

V

de de de ude

ude ude de de

VI

nation t -workers -owners

-authored ation ation t

VII

sacrifice for the education of the young was too great

price is too high to pay in order to save their lives

be too careful in performing an experiment

9

cannot praise him too much

not be overemphasized

be overestimated

VIII

BACDD BABCD BADCA

IX

一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在出院几

个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我

猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。”“ 正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴

你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了

多大的帮助。”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边

的人在构筑他们

的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种

小小的示意动作。

X

glared at John and was annoyed by his refusal to cooperate.

10

's sincere speech shows his gratitude to the people who

rendered

him generous help when he was in difficulty.

is something of a stamp collector. The fact that once he

saved up

for two years to buy a rare stamp is proof of it.

beauty of these roses could not be overstated. They

took/caught

all the visitors fancy in one way or another.

first he took it for granted that they should build more

highways in

this area. Then a careful calculation of the expenditure

compelled him

to think twice before he made the final decision.

time he receives a gift from me, no matter how small, my

friend

Bill never fails to acknowledge it.

journalist has decided to trace the young man referred to

in the

old couple's letter, which is a tribute to the young man's effort at

improving their living conditions.

he was fed up with the salesmen who knocked at his

door

and boasted about their products every day, he refrained from

slamming the door in their face.

第三单元

TEXT A

II

changed his perspective and observed people who did not

have

smallpox.

wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.

compares the human brain to a computer and the change of

one's

point of view to the reprogramming of the computer.

is to fight it.

calls it vertical thinking.

used the technique of lateral thinking.

key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the

problem

head-on.

should change their point of view and regard themselves

as their

body's keeper.

often lateral thinking yields much better results than

vertical

thinking.

is approaching the target from a sideways point of view

instead of

12

approaching it directly.

III

ure icance

-on end ork

al;vertical

s ed

IV

up being in over

g on effect up teaching

V

ch red

ch m enced

d

13

VI

assistant accountant servant dependant attendant

contestant defendant consultant inhabitant occupant

ant t tans tant tant

nts ant tants ants ant

VII

use

great importance

great/critical/extreme significance

little value

marked benefit

invaluable help

14

VIII

1. should have told me at once2.

have told me beforehand3.

have left the company long ago

4. never should have happened

5. should have left thirty minutes ago

6. should have phoned

IX

CDBDA BBDBB CABDC

X

一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话

便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决

问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德·博诺医

生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的

逻辑思维，坚定

地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，

如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会

15

坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，

德·博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，

用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。

XI

was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about

it until

he learnt to solve it with different tactics.

l thinking has helped him to advance his new theory

which had

seemed to reach a dead end.

framework of our latest construction plan has been

affirmed by

the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of

the

utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.

trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached

an

impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view

and

solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.

people believe that computer labs will eventually take

over from

the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge

will end

up learning everything in the computer lab.

day his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he

does not

stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the

emergency

16

room of a hospital.

is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why

don't you

erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?

should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all,

health

is of the utmost importance to everybody.

第四单元

TEXT A

II

IQs among the students were within the normal range.

17

study showed that a teacher's positive view and high

expectations

of students convinces them that they are gifted and enables them

to do

better than average work.

did not see this as evidence that the student was not bright

or

capable, but rather viewed it as one day 抯poor performance,

an

exception to a normally good pattern of work.

is hard to describe exactly, but her tone was assured and she

did not

express any negative qualities such as irony, putdowns and/or

irritation.

shows that positive expectation can be effective even on

mice,

who do not, of course, understand human language.

ng means thinking of people in terms of the general

prejudices

which we have about their nationality, their race, or their gender,

rather

than thinking of them as individuals.

define a broad, heterogenerous group too specifically.

They are

usually prejudicial, non-inclusive, and often racist or sexist.

example shows how labeling can create a sense of guilt in

a

person who does not do what is expected, even when he follows

his

talents and is quite successful.

IV

18

ingly neous

ive e ing tion

les r

y erence nty;certainty or

V

terms of to es/lives up to often

as not

ted of through with reality part

VI

ed ed

ende sing ed

VII

19

it orming;transferring ribed

lanting er arent

VIII

the example in the text makes clear

i mentioned earlier / As(was) mentioned earlier

is known all

(is) agreed on in the contract

had been originally planned

IX

would rather overwork themselves to make life better for

our

sake than spend their hard-earned money on themselves

rather read a best-seller than chat with others

rather confine yourself in the library than go out to

meet and

talk with local people

rather give up my short-term interest than let it slip

away

rather not tell our parents what 抯in our minds than sit

down

20

and communicate with them like friends

X

BDADB ACADA BBACB

XI

某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。当这种情况发生时，那个学生面

对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒。相反，老师认为这是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，

倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误——而学生相信了她，并消除了疑虑。下一次，

他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。很难精确地确定老师传达的信

息：“我期待着最好的成绩，”中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子。它的一部分包括显

示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬低和恼怒等消极因素。期待

着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得到的答案将是正确的，而孩

子也感受到了那种信心。

XII

s should avoid deciding who is superior only in terms of

21

students' exam results and treating them accordingly. Instead, a

good

educational system should enable every student to measure up to

good

standards as well-rounded people.

often as not, when college students have questions after

class,

their teachers are not readily available except during office

hours. This is

due to teachers' busy academic research, rather than their

indifference

to the students.

class consists of forty students, most of whom used to be

labeled

average in terms of English level. But as this teacher has never

shown

any verbal impatience, the students have reacted positively to his

teaching methods and lived up to his expectations.

ng is becoming increasingly demanding in the United

States,

due in part to the diversity of students' racial background and

the

complexity of educational technologies that require additional

training.

English are, as often as not, labeled conservative.

Obviously this

label is prejudiced. In reality, Britain is not very different from

other

European countries in terms of national characteristics. The

British are

polite, neat, orderly and confident.

young people grow up with a strong desire for

independence.

They would rather try hard to go through life on their own than

turn to

their parents for help with a sense of guilt.

friend treats you sincerely, so you should respond

accordingly

22

and mustn 抰deceive him or talk about his setbacks with

irony(ironically).

neighbors' irritation/annoyance was due to the noise they

made.

However, because of reassurances that they would stop working

at

night, they went through with the decoration of this apartment.

UNIT5

you can imagine, reading has opened a new world to me

and

changed forever the course of my life.

had demonstrated an unusually intense interest in books

since

childhood. So fascinated with books was he that he never let a

day pass

without doing some reading.

time he takes the subway to and from work, he has with

him a

book that he wants to read. That is the way he has read nearly a

hundred books in the past three years.

he was in high school, he used to read deep/far into the

night

in his own room. Each time he heard the approaching footsteps

of his

mother, he would turn off the light and feigned sleep. But as

soon as his

mother passed, he would turn on the light and begin reading

again.

is hardly anything about China he's not curious about.

And to

satisfy his curiosity he has decided to go there in person to see as

much

as he can.

6.I don't know/ I have little/no idea what made your son envy

that pop

singer and try to emulate him in everything. You might as well

ask him

in person.

soon as he checked out the book from the library, he

thumbed

through its pages by the corridor light.

8.I don't think anybody ever learned more in the countryside

than I did.

28

In fact, those three years in the countryside enabled me to study

far

intensively than I would have if I had attended some college.

UNIT6

was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, nor

did he

give in to any difficulty.

had been holding out for a promotion. When the

opportunity

showed up, he grabbed it at once.

distrusts all standardized tests and believes that there

should be

something better to substitute for them.

thesis is that we should carry out a survey of these

controversial

issues one by one right now.

is diligent and dependable. She never shies away from

any

difficulties. In short, she is the kind of student that we are all

proud of.

is ill-advised to keep the gas tank in your house for it ignites

easily

and may burn up all your hard-earned wealth in just a few

minutes.

Smith's lecture amounts to saying that a child who

displays

high EQ early on in life will succeed eventually in the face of all

kinds of

difficulties.

many marriages end in divorce in the United States,

psychologists have suggested that couples in all families

communicate

with each other more often and solve their problems before it

becomes

29

too late.

UNIT7

I grew up, I made my peace with the fact that I would never

fulfil

my dream of becoming a writer.

l had got stuck trying to figure out the word essential to

the

word puzzle for two days before he threw up his hands in

frustration.

singer was taken aback by the pirated editions of his songs

on the

market, and he vowed not to let the thiefs off.

you for purchasing our furnace. In return we will get

rid of your

old one for free. and I filled each other in on what had

happened after we parted, from which I learned that she had

had

several children's books in print.

bookstore having been frozen out by a giant chain, the

middleaged

Lillian was at a loss as to what else she could do.

need somebody to urge you constantly to see the task

through to

completion.

fear that a new shopping center would ruin the peace of

the

community, many residents opposed the construction plan.

UNIT8

is really pointless to sit through a tedious lecture if you do

not take

30

any interest in it.

students at our university all hold him in high esteem

because of

his eminence in the field of ecology.

he claims that his new novel has nothing to do with his

own

life, it has caught the fancy of many young readers, who believe

that

this novel has given them a glimpse of the author's childhood.

computer technology ushered in what is known as the

Information Age, some writers have done away with their pens,

for they

can now write everything with their computers.

have to admit, as much in sorrow as in shame, that there

are some

people among us who do think of themselves as the center of the

universe and care very little about public affairs.

and foremost, we should get the precise data on the

population

of the city. If retired people outnumber the teenagers, we should

adjust

our development plan to the needs of this large group of people.

g pleases Nancy more than to see the rapid progress

made by

her seven-year-old son, whose playing would put many a

professional

pianist to shame.

point I want to make is that as modern university students,

we

must hold knowledge in high esteem, especially its quest, and

place

great value on tradition, social restraint and continuity.