2024年2月17日发(作者：)

南京中山陵英文导游词

南京中山陵英文导游词

作为一名具备丰富知识的导游，常常需要准备导游词，导游词是讲解当地的基本情况，介绍风土人情的文章。那要怎么写好导游词呢？以下是小编精心整理的南京中山陵英文导游词，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

My dear friends ,when you come to a city, you probably want

to visit the most famous scenic spots of special interest. Nanjing

has many place of historic interests and has been capital for six

“dynasties.” But if you leave Nanjing without visiting Dr. Sun

Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, undoubtedly you have missed the most

arresting and famous tourist attraction of the city.

Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about

Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.

Mr. Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen.

So foreign friends would call him “Dr. Sun Yat-sen ”. Since he

took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part

in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely

called Mr. Sun Zhongshan in China. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun

was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan

county (the present-day zhongshang City) ,Guangdong Province.

When he was still young, he had great expectations. He studied

medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and

after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao

and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to

take part in political activities. In 1905, he set up China Alliance

Organization in Japan and he was elected president. He put

forward the famous guiding principle- “driving the invaders

out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic

and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s

Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s

Livelihood. ” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke

out and Dr. Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of

China by representatives from seventeen provinces. On the

following New Year` s day (January 1, 1912) Mr. Sun took the oath

of office in Nanjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun experienced Yuan

Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign

Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr. Sun took the

position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou. At the first

National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he

perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward

Three people` s New Principles. He also proposed the policies of

“Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of

China and helping the farmers and workers. ” In November 1924,

in spite of his illness, Mr. Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state

affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.

Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and

passed away on March 12, 1925.

The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun

himself. Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. You

may wonder: Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing.

For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution.

Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?

It is said that far before Mr. Sun took office in 1912, the abbot

of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good

for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green

mountains as its protective screen. On March 31,1912 Mr. Un

resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of

the North China and the South China. One day of the early April,

he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming

Dynasty. They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is

located now. Mr. Sun looked around and said “IF possible I

would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury

my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the

basic reason for the location of Mr. Sun` s mausoleum . The basic

reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury

me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the

Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary

government was founded. ”So although Mr. Sun stayed in

Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him.

Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as

his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution

of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.

In order to respect Mr. Sun` s wish, the Preparatory

Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song

Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site

for the Mausoleum. They delimited 2000 mu and offered a

reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum.

Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design,

a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the

first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole

project as well.

On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr. Sun` s death,

the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in

spring of 1929. It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.

Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift,

suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before

the completion of the Mausoleum. The completion ceremony

was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr. Sun` s remains was transported

from Beijing to Nangjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun has slept here

for nearly 70 years.

The construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an

important event in the history of Nanjing. In order to meet Mr.

Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port

in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in

length and also called Zhongshan Road. Up to today, Zhangshan

Road is still one of the most important main roads. At the same

time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming

Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan

Gate. Between Zhongshang Gate and Yat-sen` s

Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built. Just as

the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the

people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are

prond of their boulevards. And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum

Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards.

Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind

of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them

French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products. Just

because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France

and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in

Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.

Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving

along the Mausoleum Road. The destination ahead is a square in

shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of

the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was

used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. Duo`

s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world

peaceful and happy. The design reminds the people of Dr. Sun

Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success

and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves

s an alert to the later generation. The crescent-shaped square is

the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.

Now ,please look to the south. There is a octagon platform

structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan

stone of Suzhou. The platform is divided into three layers and

each layer is enclosed by stone rails. The copper “ding” (an

ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles and two legs

weighs 5000 kg. IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23

meters. It is one of the construction for memory of the

mausoleum. The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with

donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan

University and Mr.

Dai jitao. One side of the “ding ” is engraved

with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”.

These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan

University. Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet

on which

Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety”

is engraved. To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just

like the pendulum . It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation

by striking the bell.

Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial

archway with four columns. The archway was built between 1931

and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. It is made of

huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese

traditional wood structure style. Now, look up at the shining

words inscribed on the horizontal board. The word in English

mean fraternity. They were written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The word

are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is

humanity ” .It is said that Mr. Sun very much liked to write these

two words to others. Dr. Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois

democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the

national independence and freedom fro scores of years. So we

can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.

Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading

to the mausoleum. The road is 480 meters long and dozens of

meters wide. The whole design of the mausoleum gives

prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and

specific. In order to embody the greatness of Mr. Sun, the

Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and

was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed

at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. In addition,

the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel

more solemn. Now, please look forward to the north, along the

hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the

Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind. The

pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the

road represent Mr. Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality.

They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually

flanked the sacred road in ancient times. Among the trees, cedar

is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been

honored as the tree of Nanjing City. The grand archway at the

end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the

mausoleum area. IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8

meters deep. It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too.

Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr.

SunYat-sen` s handwriting. It means that the state doesn` t

belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the

common people. This is the goal for which Mr. Sun struggled for

his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the

Democracy of the Three People` s Principles. We have passed the

gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion.

The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved

with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese

KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic

of China”. These words were written by one of the founder

members of KMT, Tan Yankai. When talking about setting up a

stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an

inscription for Mr. Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they

could write. Because they thought that Mr. Sun` s merits couldn`

t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from

to praise Dr. Sun without engraving an inscription.

Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps.

The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum

ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge (known for

Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge). So when coming here tourists

usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the

Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count

them.

Now we are coming near the top platform. Look ,there are

two big copper “ding”. They were contributed by Shanghai

municipal government of that time. Now, please look carefully.

There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”. Why? Just

let me tell you .In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked

Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. Now,

although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always

remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation.

Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. They

are presented by Mr. Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.

Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the

platform. Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the

distance. The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain

and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the

archway of Fraternity. The vertical distance is 70 meters but the

plane distance is 700 meters. If you count the steps from the Stele

Pavilion, the number of steps is 290. In order to avoid

monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and

every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms.

More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see

that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see

any platform. But if you look down from the top, you only see the

platforms. The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number,

it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392

million.

Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin

Chamber. They are the major parts of the Mausoleum. The

construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu

Yanzhi, the gift young designer. If is when he was doing these two

building he died of cancer. So when the later generation mention

him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his

complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a

ancient wooden palace style. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide

and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of

fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns. Its roof,

with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare

tiles. The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong.

The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal

characters cut in relief- “Naturalism” “Democracy” and

“The people` s livelihood” . These are the most basic and

general guiding principles of Mr. Sun` s revolutionary activities.

Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board

with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.

Please follow me into the Memorial Hall. The floor is covered

with white and black marble from Yunnan Province. The colors of

white and black are among the traditional color for burial

ceremonies in China. There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8

meter as the diameter for each. You will see that the interiors of

the walls around are inset with black marble. Now you can have

a look at Mr. Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for

Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls. The

main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used

to express filial piety in China. The inside windows are inlaid with

smaltos. They present western flavors especially with floods of

sunshine. The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East

and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun

Yat-sen.

In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in a robe.

It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. It was

sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose

native country is Poland . He was entrusted by the committee of

Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it. He chose the Italian

marble as the material for the statue . In 1930, the sculpture was

sent to the Mausoleum from Paris. Its total cost was 1.5 million

francs. The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr. Sun` s life

and revolutionary activities.

Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin

Chamber. There are two doors that you need to get through. The

outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs

which are made of copper. The nails on them and the mysterious

beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese. The

horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit

will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72

martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou .The secound

door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr.

Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.

The tomb is a half globe in shape. The design of KMT

emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. The floor of the round

room is covered with marble. The room` s diameter is 18 meters

and the height is 11 meters .The walls are covered with pink

marbles. The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35

meters in diameter. It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble

rails. In the pit lays Dr. Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit.

This is sculpted in accordance to Mr. Sun` s remains by a

Czechoslovakian sculptor. His copper coffin is lying about 5

meters below the sculpture. You may ask why on earth the

clothes Dr. Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from

those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the

rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts. The rightists,

headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways

and opposed revolution. They insisted that Mr. Sun should wear

long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit.

Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have

different clothes styles.

My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether

Mr. Sun remains are in the tomb or not. In fact, his remains had a

unusual experience. After his death, his remain were dealt with

antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March,

1925. When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the

North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he

ascribed his failure to Mr. Sun` s remains and decided to burn

them .It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops

to protect the remains. Unfortunately they were once exposed to

the air though they were safe again. On May 28, 1929, Mr. Sun` s

coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on

June 1 it reached the Mausoleum. After the Grand Ceremony of

Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and

used cement to concrete it .The bottom of the tomb is granite.

Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad

and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. After the

breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government

planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of

the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to

Taiwan this time. Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin

out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this

plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left

wing of the KMT. At last Chang gave up the plan. So the remains

have stayed here safely up to today.

Passing through the door in the back wall of the square

outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park. The back wall of

the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s

Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious

historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum

and the process of the transportation of Mr. Sun` s remains.

Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions

around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr. Sun. Most of the

constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from

both all trades in China and overseas Chinese. The Fraternity

Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a

Taiwanese compatriot. IT was completed on November 12,1993,

the 127th anniversary of Mr. Sun` s birthday.

Ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Sun struggled for a better China

for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which

lasted for more than 2000 years. He carried out the three

principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the

Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers”

in his later days. The great feat Mr. Sun has achieved has gained

great respect and praise from people from both home and

abroad. After liberation, both central and local governments have

exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.

Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr.

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and

international friends every years. People come here to pay

homage to Mr. Sun. Today, the unification has become the main

tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both

sides of the Straits . I believe that most Chinese people, from both

home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the

coming of the day when our country is united and getting more

prosperous. At that time, when hearing this. Dr. Sun would smile

and be satisfied for sure in the other world. OK, thank you very

much for your cooperation. Good bye and good luck!

拓展：南京中山陵观后感

今天，我们一家参观了中山陵。

因南京为临时政府成立之地，所以不忘辛亥革命也。”用来唤醒世人。爬上石阶中门横额上是孙中山手书“天下为公，意思是说国家政权不是哪一家的.天下，而是天下人的天下，老百姓的天下。这是孙先生毕生奋斗的理想，也是他所倡导的三民主义的极好注解。蓝色的琉璃瓦在阳光下闪闪发亮……走进里面，是汉白玉的孙先生的坐像，是按孙先生生前，一比一的比例雕刻的，安详而又庄重……

中山陵每年接待着来自世界各地的无数炎黄子孙与国际友人。人们怀着对中山先生伟大精神的崇敬与景仰来到这里凭吊拜谒。在两岸统一成为大势所趋、人心所向的今天，面对目前海峡两岸的现状，海内外炎黄子孙都衷心期盼着祖国统一、繁荣昌盛的那一天早日到来。彼时彼刻，倘若孙中山先生泉下有知，必会含笑长眠的。

孙先生把一生全融进了革命，为建国重量人物。中山陵，令我留念忘返！