2024年1月24日发(作者：)

上海市进才中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中英语试卷

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

1. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages

coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank

with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best firs

each blank.

The Rising Trend of Nationalism and Anti-Globalization

As technology advances and connectivity increases, countries are closer to each other

than ever. Economically, trade blocs (集团，阵营) have increased partnership among

countries and encouraged production specialization. Politically, countries are moving

towards a free market and competing 1 additional foreign investments. However, it

seems that these trends 2 (go) in a slightly different direction in the past few years.

Governments are encouraging more domestic investments and developments. A stronger

sense of nationalism is developing while the term “globalization” now seems to have a

negative connotation to some audiences.

Brexit (脱欧), for example, had been in the media spotlight for the past several years.

The word is shorthand for Britain’s separation from the European Union.

First 3 (bring) to the surface by a referendum (公投) in 2013, it had always been a

controversial topic. Supporters of Brexit wanted sovereignty, the power that a country has

to govern 4 both economically and politically. They were eager to leave the EU

because they felt 5 the organization had been off the track and would no longer

provide them with enough benefits as a member. As the sentiment of nationalism

increased, 6 did people’s willingness to pull back after years of social mobility and

cultural exchanges. In the end, Britain officially left the EU on Jan. 21, 2020.

Undoubtedly, Brexit, 7 outcome will be unpredictable in the next few years, is sure

to transform the lives of many. However, whether the U. K. will change for the better in

the long run remains 8 (see).

The Italian government is also going through some intense criticism from its people.

There has been a constant voice against immigration and the European Union in Italy.

Some people are in favor of Italy 9 (pull) back from the EU and deporting 500,000

illegal immigrants that were already in Italy.

Britain and Italy are just two examples of the surfacing trend of nationalism. Many

other countries are tightening up on trade negotiations and foreign policies as well. Who

knows 10 will happen in the next five years? The effects of these changes are

unknown and can only be discovered in the future.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

2. Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can

be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. essentially B. possibility C. analyzed D. inspired E. react

F. tracking G. necessarily H. rules I. list J. disasters K. positive

Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no

news. Those are the classic 1 for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But

now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are

discovering new rules. By 2 people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found

that good news can spread faster and farther than 3 and sob stories.

“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the

University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling.

But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they 4 . You

don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”

Researchers studying word-of-mouth communication — e-mails, Web posts and

reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than

negative, but that didn’t 5 mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news

shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things?

To test for that 6 , Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news

stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn

colleague 7 the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first finds was that

articles in the science section were much more likely to make the 8 than non-science

articles. He found that science amazed Times’ readers and made them want to share

this 9 feeling with others.

Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or

that 10 negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely

sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to

bad. The more positive an article, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger

explains in his new book, “Contagious: Why Things Catch On.”

三、完形填空

3. Globalization Is Causing the Death of Minority Languages

As the world becomes more connected, language diversity is declining at an

unprecedented rate. Forty percent of the world’s 7,000 languages in ________ are at risk

of disappearing, according to estimates by the Endangered Languages Project. That trend

is ________ linked to economic globalization, as suggested by a new report published in

Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

“The dominating effect of a single socioeconomic factor, GDP per capita (人均), on

speaker growth rate suggests that economic growth and globalization are ________

drivers of recent language speaker declines (mainly since the 1970s onwards), through

political and educational developments,” the researchers conclude in their report.

Actually, the impact of global economies on language ________ has been an

argument that goes all the way back to the 1970s, when Herbert Schiller proposed the

hotly debated theory of “cultural imperialism”, which suggested economically powerful

nations hold huge cultural ________ over the weaker countries they influence.

However, such impact has never been fully ________ until now, according to

researchers. In the study, the researchers first established a set of ________ languages,

based on several factors: small speaker population sizes, rapid declines in speaker

numbers, and a small geographic ________. After dealing with the numbers by using

data selected from the Ethnologue, an authoritative source for basic information about the

world’s languages, the researchers concluded that 25 percent of the world’s languages are

under immediate ________ of disappearing forever.

Threatened languages were numerous in highly economically developed regions, like

northwestern North America, northern Europe, and eastern Asia. ________ they explored

relationships between the danger of extinction and multiple environmental factors,

including rainfall and temperature, GDP per capita was the factor most tightly correlating

with at-risk languages.

Of course, there are factors ________ GDP that play a role in the disappearance of

minority languages. According to UNESCO, languages are also ________ with external

forces such as military, religious, cultural or educational subiugation (征服), or by

________ forces such as a community’s negative attitude towards its own language.

________, even the internet has been linked to the extinction of little-spoken tongues by

creating a digital ________ that locks out some groups and give advantages to others

(and their languages).

1.

A．reality

2.

A．to a great extent

B．stock

B．at that time

C．use

C．in this way

D．need

D．in the end

3.

A．official B．major C．complete D．cultural

4.

A．difference B．familiarity C．similarity D．diversity

5.

A．dominance B．ruling C．preference D．spread

6.

A．globalized B．furthered C．quantified D．communicated

7.

A．endangered B．extinct C．fluent D．native

8.

A．development B．feature C．gap D．range

9.

A．pressure B．control C．law D．threat

10.

A．Once B．While C．As D．Because

11.

A．apart from B．as to C．on behalf of D．in terms of

12.

A．halved B．associated C．threatened D．replaced

13.

A．definite B．local C．double D．internal

14.

A．Somehow B．Moreover C．Comparatively D．Therefore

15.

A．divide B．device C．clip D．trade

四、阅读理解

4. “Choose your friends wisely” may not only be good parental advice but also a way

to do better in college, a research study finds.

The group of three researchers put that advice to the test at Berea College, a small

liberal arts school in Kentucky, by looking at how much friends actually influence study

habits and grades. They found that students who befriended studious (勤奋的) peers

spent more hours studying themselves and posted higher grades during their freshman

year.

“It’s no fun to study by yourself,” said Nirav Mehta, one of the study’s authors,

explaining the intuition behind the study. “If you want to goof off, and your friends are at

the library, then you’re going to go to the library, too. And while you’re there, you’re

probably going to get some studying done too.”

Of course, it’s possible that studious people gravitate toward other studious people.

They might have hit the books and got as many A’s no matter who their friends were. So

the researchers checked to see if randomly assigned roommates also have a positive

influence on study habits and grades. They found almost the same results: students who

were assigned a studious roommate freshman year also studied more each day and had

higher grade-point averages.

Unfortunately, the opposite is also true, the researchers found. If you have friends

and roommates who don’t study a lot, you’re likely to get dragged down by their poor

habits, studying less and earning lower grades.

Analyzing friends and study habits is usually difficult for researchers. But students at

Berea College were asked to list their four best friends at the end of each semester and

they kept careful daily logs of their time, including time spent studying. At the beginning

of freshman year, the students were surveyed on their high school study habits. The

researchers also had access to roommate assignments, high school grades and college

grades.

From this information, the economists calculated the average amount of time each

student’s college friends had reported studying in high school. They found that for every

additional 10 hours a week that a student’s friends had spent studying, on average, the

student’s own study time in college would likely increase by almost 25 minutes a day,

and the student’s own GPA would likely rise by almost a tenth of a point during freshman

year.

1. The phrase “goof off” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________.

A．achieve higher grades B．choose your friends

C．go to the library D．be lazy about studying

2. Why did the researchers also study the randomly assigned roommates?

A．To further test the theory. B．To figure out more study habits.

C．To put forward a new theory. D．To get more students to work hard.

3. To carry out their research, what information did the researchers collect from students

at Berea College?

A．How many studious friends they have.

B．How they comment on their friends’ grades.

C．How much time they spent studying each day.

D．How they thought of their own college grades.

4. What suggestion would the researchers most likely give college students?

A．If you want to do well in study, you’d better pick a hardworking friend.

B．If you want to get on well with your roommates, you’d better work hard.

C．If you want to raise your GPA, you’d better keep track of your study time.

D．If you want to have a happy freshman year, you’d better care less about peer effects.

5. Win

The winner can go to one of these amazing places.

You can go with three friends.

You will be away for five days.

You can go anytime in January.

Your starting point is London.

All expenses paid including: travel, accommodation and food.

Sights and the city!

Paris, France

From the Eiffel Tower to Disneyland, from cafés to art galleries — there’s something for

everyone in this historic but modern city!

●Accommodation: apartment with cooking facilities

●Travel from London: 2.5 hours by train

●Average January temperature:-3℃

Shopping and shows!

New York, USA

From an unforgettable show with a backstage tour to some world-famous shops and a city

that never sleeps — you’ll love it!

●Accommodation: apartment with cooking facilities

●Travel from London: 7 hours by plane

●Average January temperature: -3℃

Go and get lazy!

Goa, India

A complete break from the stress of everyday life. Relax with unspoilt beaches, delicious

food and perfect sunshine.

●Accommodation: beach house with cooking facilities

●Travel from London: 8 hours by train

●Average January temperature: 32℃

Spanish Spa special!

Seville, Spain

Amazing spa break with unlimited health and beauty treatments, swimming pool,

beautiful scenery and delicious food!

●Accommodation: 3-star hotel

●Travel from London: 3 hours by plane

●Average January temperature: 8℃

Something for everyone!

Dubai, UAE

You stay in a huge new hotel. You go shopping in a huge new shopping centre. You

sunbathe on a huge new beach. What more could you want?

●Accommodation: 5-star hotel

●Travel from London: 7 hours by plane

●Average January temperature: 25℃

1. According to the passage, the winner of the competition must ________.

A．go travelling with his/her family B．start his/her journey from London

C．go anytime other than January D．pay for his/her own accommodation

2. If the winner would like to escape the cold weather of January and make meals by

himself, he is most likely to choose ________ as his destination.

A．Paris, France B．New York, USA

C．Dubai, UAE D．Goa, India

3. The passage is intended to ________.

A．promote different international tourist destinations

B．introduce some major cities around the world

C．publicize the rules of the competition

D．appeal to more competitors

6. A generation understandably frightened by “adulting” may well welcome the

linguistic (语言的) comfort food of childlike language. And once established, the habit

can easily make the jump to those of us more advanced in years. After all, a kid is inside

every one of us, and few people are resistant to the infectiousness of creativity. Young

people are the primary drivers of language change, but even we “olds” — as the young

are used to putting it — like to change things up now and then. As new slang creeps

across generational divides, however, it inevitably stirs up people’s deepest linguistic

anxieties. Does the new trend of kidspeak represent a dumbing-down of the English

language? Just the opposite: with the rise of kidspeak, we are actually witnessing

English’s enrichment.

It has long been ordinary for one language to borrow from another, and even from a

dialect of the same language: Black English has lent mainstream English words like diss

and the “angry” meaning of salty. Kidspeak extends our word stock in exactly the same

way that Old Norse, French, and Latin once did. On the internet, for example, kidspeak

refers to a “smol kitty” and a “smol baby,” but not a “smol mailbox” or “smol Blu-ray

player.” Smol, then, is not merely a way of spelling small, but a more specific term

referring to cuteness. Just missing out on becoming Word of the Year at the American

Dialect Society’s 2019 meeting was yeet, seemingly meant to imitate the sound of

something being thrown into a container or through a net (and often pronounced with a

celebratory gesture to that effect). One now speaks of “yeeting” an empty can into the

trash, and the word has even developed an irregular past-tense form, yote. We have

kidspeak to thank for introducing these new layers of playfulness into our vocabulary.

English today is arguably more fertile than it’s been since Shakespeare’s time, and

those worried about the novelty of kidspeak might consider that not so long ago pedants

(顽固派) were insisting the proper person should say “bal-coh-nee” for balcony, stamp

out “nonwords” such as standpoint, and use obnoxious to mean “Tripe for injury.” Their

arguments failed miserably when presented to everyday speakers, who tend to have good

intuition about how language should work.

Amid today’s news cycles, the emergence of kidspeak is something to celebrate. This

new slang is a totally natural and endlessly witty collective advancement of the American

idiom. It makes for more interesting talk. I, at least, am glad to be living with the English

of right now, surrounded by all the new words.

1. According to the speaker, what does the popularity of childlike language reflect?

A．Old people’s increasing anxieties. B．People’s reluctance to growing up.

C．Young people’s resistance to changes. D．The deepening of generational divides.

2. The example of “smol’” is intended to ________.

A．form a sharp contrast with the word “yeet”

B．illustrate that kidspeak enriches the English language

C．reveal how new words are loaned from other languages

D．remind readers that many English words are borrowed words

3. Which of the following statements about kidspeak is the writer most likely to agree

with?

A．Kidspeak does more good than harm to English.

B．Kidspeak is not all playful as commonly thought.

C．Kidspeak was awarded 2019’s Word of the Year.

D．Kidspeak is regarded as something overestimated.

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The emergence of kidspeak is the result of linguists’ collective wisdom.

B．The English language hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time.

C．The development of English depends mainly on everyday speakers.

D．The advancement of the American idiom contributes to kidspeak.

五、六选四

7. The Heat Vacuum (真空)

Air-conditioning accounts for nearly 15 percent of building energy use in the U.S.

today. The number of days with record heat could increase in the coming decades. These

two facts present a difficult problem: 1

Researchers at Stanford University say part of the solution is a material that pulls

heat from buildings and radiates it into outer space. 2 It originated in the 1980s,

when engineers found that certain types of painted-metal roofing pulled heat from

buildings and radiated in wavelengths that pass through the earth’s atmosphere. Radiative

cooling never worked during the day, however, because no one had made a material that

both radiates thermal energy (热能) and reflects sunlight. Reflection is critical: if a

material absorbs sunlight, heat from the sun negates any cooling that thermal radiation

might achieve.

3 In trials on the roof of its lab, the material, made of layers of hafnium dioxide

and silicon dioxide (二氧化铪和二氧化硅) on a base of silver; titanium and silicon (银、钛和硅), reflected 97 percent of sunlight. The silicon dioxide atoms absorb heat from the

air on one side of the mirror and releasing thermal radiation on the other. The material

radiates primarily at wavelengths between eight and 13 nanometers, which can go

through the earth’s atmosphere, so rather than warming the air around the building, the

heat escapes to space.

Shanhui Fan, senior author of a 2014 Nature paper describing the work, imagines

such mirrors covering the roofs of buildings. With its roof continually releasing heat, a

building’s air-conditioning can relax and consume less energy. 4 Remove the mirror

component and pair the material with solar cells, for example, and it could cool the cells

while allowing light to reach them, making them more efficient.

A．In a warming world, how can we cool our homes and workplaces while reducing

energy use?

B．The researchers spent the first five years studying reflection.

C．What is the most economical and feasible way to save energy for our future

generations?

D．There could be other applications.

E．To solve the problem, the Stanford team created what amounts to a very effective

mirror.

F．The basic concept is known as radiative cooling.

六、汉译英（整句）

8. 尽管各种不同网页的数量成倍增加，但使用方言的网页却很少。(Despite)(汉译英)

9. 数学家苏步青坚守他对科学的信仰，敬业地在复旦大学工作了数十年。(hold)

(汉译英)

10. 那位落败的摄影师明确表示，他仍旧会对事业保有热情，没有什么能妨碍他对艺术的追求。(way) (汉译英)

11. 这部大热纪录片里其乐融融的场景让我想起了自己小时候，每年除夕全家围在一起守岁的情景。(when) (汉译英)