2024年1月19日发(作者：)

2020年同等学力英语真题

Part 1 Oral Communication (l0 points)

Section A

Directions: In this section there are two incomplete dialogues and each dialogue

has three blanks and three choices A, B and C, taken from the dialogue. Fill in

each of the blanks with one of the choices to complete the dialogue and mark your

answer on the Answer Sheet.

Dialogue One

A. Are you kidding?

B. I’ll go over to the gym too.

C. I want to do some running.

Steve: I’m going over to the gym, 1

Joseph: Why don’t you run outside?

Steve: 2 Do you know how cold it is today?

Joseph: Yeah, I suppose. I guess it isn’t healthy to run in this weather.

Steve: No, it’s not. Not at all. I’d probably freeze my lungs.

Joseph; Wait a minute. 3

Steve: You?

Joseph: Yes, why not? Just let me get my gym clothes together.

Dialogue Two

A. Well, I’m not really interested in going there.

B. How about going to an Indian restaurant?

C. Uh, here’s something interesting.

Man: So, what do you want to do tomorrow?

Woman: Well, let’s look at this city guide here. 4 Why don’t we first visit the art

museum in the morning?

Man: Okay, I like that idea, and where do you want to eat lunch?

Woman: 5 The guide recommends one downtown a few blocks from the

museum.

Man: That sounds great. After that, what do you think about visiting the zoo? Well, it

says here that there are some very unique animals not found anywhere else.

Woman: 6 Why don’t we take the subway down to the seashore and walk

along the beach?

Man: That sounds like a wonderful plan.

Section B

Directions: In this section there is one incomplete interview which has four blanks

and four choices A, B, C and D, taken from the interview. Fill in each of the blanks

with one of the choices to complete the interview and mark your answer on the

Answer Sheet.

A. Anyway, there must be some solution.

B. But they don’t have anything now.

C. Have you tried some part-time job on campus?

D. You don’t have to tell me that.

Natasha: I need to get a job, or I won’t be able to stay here next semester. I don’t

know what to do.

Eric: 7

Natasha: What do you mean?

Eric: I mean in the library, or in some information center. Often the university has

part-time positions for foreign students.

Natasha: Yes, I know. I tried that. 8 .

Eric: Well, it’s really hard since you’re a foreign student. It’s actually illegal for you to

work in America.

Natasha: 9 I know I have the right to work for the university. That’s legal. But

they don’t have a job. And it’s illegal for me to work elsewhere.

Eric: 10 You know there are many people working illegally in New York.

Natasha: But I need a pretty decent job. I need to make enough to pay my rent at least.

Part II Vocabulary (10 points)

Directions: In this part there are ten sentences, each with one word or phrase

underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best

keeps the meaning of the sentence. Mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

11. There will be a ten-minute interval halfway through the performance.

A. period

B. time

C. length

D. break

12. Most of Egypt’s inhabitants live in the Nile valley and delta, with the rest of the

country sparsely populated.

A. randomly

B. thinly

C. densely

D. evenly

13. The hotel owner was authorized to sell alcoholic drinks in his hotel.

A. inclined

B. prepared

C. required

D. licensed

14. Your lawyer’s presence in the court room is critical since he may prevent you

from being misdirected.

A. impressive

B. wonderful

C. favorable

D. crucial

15. Some books are not for you to leaf through, but for you to think through.

A. browse

B. appreciate

C. recommend

D. debate

16. I was denied access to my account after I typed in the wrong password three times

in a row.

A. abandoned

B. delayed

C. warned

D. refused

17. Lots of people make long-distance commuting to work daily in big cities.

A. contact

B. discussion

C. travel

D. call

18. Guests at Four Seasons Hotels can enjoy delicious meals served on fine china.

A. delicate

B. special

C. shining

D. desirable

19. The energy value of dried fruits is considerably in excess of that of fresh items.

A. short of

B. equal to

C. more than

D. different from

20. When disasters like this happen, we set aside whatever pretty disagreements we

may have.

A. discuss

B. remain

C. reveal

D. dismiss

Part III Reading Comprehension (25 points)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or

unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the

best answer and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Passage One

It sounds like something straight out of a science fiction movie or a silly

cartoon: a futuristic traveling tube that can quickly shoot people wherever they want

to go, inside a tiny pod. But this may be just around the corner for people looking for

a faster, easier, and cheaper-than-ever way to travel.

South African-American inventor and billionaire Elon Musk, who, in the past,

has worked on both private space flight and electric cars, recently announced he has

been working on the design of this traveling tube, which could forever change the

way we travel the world.

In an interview, Musk described the new tube as a fifth kind of transportation.

“We have planes, trains, automobiles, and boats,” he explained. “What if there was a

fifth mode? I have a name for it. It’s called the Hyperloop.”

“This system I have an never crash, is immune to weather, it goes

three or four times faster than the it goes at an average speed of twice

what an aircraft would do. You would go from downtown. L.A. to downtown San

Francisco in under 30 minutes.”

People using the Hyperloop would shoot around in pods, which are each just

over six-and-a-half feet across, and the pods would travel through tubes located either

above round or under water.

The Hyperloop could even run 24/7, be cheap, and allow people to travel on

their own schedule. People could show up at the Hyperloop station whenever they

want and be quickly sent on their way.

Additionally Musk believes the Hyperloop could be completely powered by the

sun — making it more environmentally friendly than cars, airplanes, or train systems.

Someday it could possibly move people between the East and West Coasts of the

United States in less than an hour. Eventually the Hyperloop would be able to move

people around the world.

Musk is not the first person outside of science fiction novelists to dream up

vacuum tube technology for moving people. The idea has been around for some time,

and inventors in other countries, including China, are reportedly working on similar

technology.

21. The phrase “just around the corner” (Para. 1) means “ ”

A. preferable

B. forthcoming

C. reliable

D. available

22. The “pod” mentioned in the passage is a(n) .

A. tube-shaped music player

B. wireless earphone

C. engine that provides a driving force

D. vehicle that carries passengers

23. Which of the following is NOT true of Elon Musk?

A. He draws insights from science fictions.

B. He has tried his hand at space flight.

C. He has manufactured electric cars.

D. He cares for environmental protection.

24. What can be learned about the Hyperloop?

A. It could be developed at a low cost.

B. It would remind people of their schedule.

C. It could operate round the clock.

D. It would run at regular intervals.

25. China is mentioned in the last paragraph in order to .

A. demonstrate that it is an innovative country

B. give an example of those working on similar technology

C. show a successful model of vacuum tube traveling

D. indicate a potential for international cooperation

Passage Two

How are you feeling today? I’ve got a few aches and pains, but nothing serious.

However, when things become more critical, I would normally book myself an

appointment with my doctor — although by the time I get to see him, the problem

will have probably gone away. That’s because in the UK at least, we usually have to

wait a few days before the doctor call fit us in.

Luckily today, technology has come to our rescue. There are thousands of apps

available on our smartphones that can offer first aid advice and allow us to

self-diagnose our sickness — ranging from a simple cold or flu to some exotic

disease. And together with the internet, we have an ocean of medical information at

our fingers.

But is too much knowledge a good thing? By reading up on an illness, we

discover its side-effects and what could happen in a worst-case situation. More

worrying is that we give ourselves the wrong diagnosis, and then worry ourselves sick

that we’re going to die. This health anxiety, fueled by the internet, is called

“cyberchondria”. It gives sufferers a deep fear of diseases and, according to experts,

it’s on the rise. Professor Peter Tyrer from Imperial College London said, “We find

that approximately four out of five of our patients with health anxiety spend literally

hours on the internet. One of the first things we do in treatment is to tell them to stop

browsing the internet.”

A study a few years ago also found many doctors felt intimidated by the

increasing numbers of web-wise patients arriving in surgeries. One doctor admitted to

not being very happy about patients using the internet, saying: “They all seemed to

come to me with things I’d never heard of and very often with things which seem

rather bizarre or inappropriate.”

Of course there is no doubt, the world wide web has most of the information we

need to diagnose our symptoms, but Doctor Tyrer points out, “it doesn’t have any

judgment associated with it.” This is why having a consultation with a doctor

face-to-face still has its benefits.

It would seem then that a virtual online doctor can prescribe a dose of useful

advice, but technology hasn’t replaced the human medical expert just yet.

26. What does the author try to emphasize in Paragraph 1?

A. The low efficiency of the healthcare system.

B. The tips for making appointments with doctors.

C. The treatment for common health problems.

D. The critical challenges for general hospitals.

27. Cyberchondria (Para 3) can be defined as

A. overdependence on the internet for medical advice

B. too much knowledge about health problems

C. health concerns caused by online information

D. incorrect diagnosis based on web knowledge

28. According to the doctors, cyberchondria

A. can be prevented

B. is not unusual

C. is hard to predict

D. may not last long

29. How do doctors in general feel about web-wise patients?

A. They are surprised at patients’ wise use of online information.

B. They are frightened by patients’ blind trust of internet information.

C. They are satisfied with patients’ sufficient knowledge about diseases.

D. They are troubled by patients’ excessive search for health information.

30. According to Doctor Tyrer, what is the problem with online medical information?

A. It is usually not sufficient.

B. It is not always accurate.

C. It fails to give judgment.

D. It provides too much information.

Passage Three

Many of the major supermarket chains have come under fire with accusations of

various unethical acts over the past decade. They’ve wasted tons of food. They’ve

underpaid their suppliers and they’ve contributed to excessive plastic waste in their

packaging, which has had its impact on our environment.

But supermarkets and grocers are starting to sit up and take notice. In response to

growing consumer resentment against the huge amounts of plastic waste generated by

plastic packaging, some of the1argst UK supermarkets have signed up to a pact

promising to transform packaging and cut plastic wastage. In a pledge to reuse,

recycle, or convert all plastic wastage by 2025, supermarkets are now beginning to

take some responsibility for the part they play in contributing to the damage to our

environment, with one major supermarket announcing their plan to eliminate all

plastic packaging in their own-brand products by 2023.

In response to criticisms over food waste, some supermarkets are donating some

of their food surplus. However, charities estimate that they are only accessing two per

cent of supermarkets’ total food surplus, so this hardly seems to be solving the

problem. Some say that supermarkets are simply not doing enough. Most

supermarkets operate under a veil of secrecy when asked for exact figures of food

wastage, and without more transparency it is hard to come up with a systematic

approach to avoiding waste and to redistributing surplus food.

Some smaller companies are now taking matters into their own hands and

offering consumers a greener option. Shops like Berlin’s Original Unverpakt and

London’s Bulk Market are plastic-free shops that have opened in recent years,

encouraging customers to use their own containers or convertible bags. Online grocer

Farmdrop eliminates the need for large warehouses and the risk of huge food surplus

by delivering fresh produce from local farmers to its customers on a daily basis via

electric cars, offering farmers the lion’s share of the retail price.

There is no doubt that we still have a long way to go in reducing food waste and

plastic waste. But perhaps the major supermarkets might take inspiration from these

smaller grocers and gradually move towards a more sustainable future for us all.

31. Which is NOT mentioned as an unethical act of major supermarket chains?

A. Wasting large amounts of food.

B. Producing excessive plastic waste.

C. Underpaying their suppliers.

D. Selling goods of poor quality.

32. The word “pact” (Para. 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”,

A. Agreement

B. organization

C. Campaign

D. program

33. According to Paragraph 3, supermarkets’ donation of their food surplus

A. receives high praises

B. is considered as a good charity

C. is regarded as not doing enough

D. arouses more criticisms

34. Farmdrop is mentioned as an example that provides

A. plastic-free bags and containers

B. easier access to fresh produce

C. a great variety of healthy foods

D. goods at more competitive prices

35. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A. some businesses are reluctant to reduce their waste

B. major supermarkets refuse to do public good

C. some small companies better protect the environment

D. a more sustainable future for all is soon to come

Passage Four

We all know people who say they have “no sense of direction.” Yet for some

people that description is true in all circumstances: If they take a single wrong turn on

an established route they often become totally lost. This happens even when they are

just a few miles from where they live.

This condition is called developmental topographic disorientation (DTD), the

inability to orient within the environment. It didn’t even have a formal name until

2009, when Giuseppe Iaria reported his first case in the journal Neuropsychologia.

Ellen Rose had been a patient of mine years before I realized that she had this

life-long learning disability. Like other people with DTD, she can follow a route in

pieces, but it never becomes part of a larger spatial understanding. That’s because she

does not have a larger spatial understanding of her environment.

I asked her to draw a diagram of the second floor of the house she shares with

her daughter and son-in-law. It was a difficult task for her (she lives on the first floor

but is very familiar with the second). She described her effort not as a bird looking

down from above, but as a spider crawling across the paper tracing a route from one

room to the other. Ellen has always wondered what was wrong with her. She knew

that when others ascribed her problems to simply not paying attention they were

mistaken. She worried that her problems in traveling might be a sign of something

more serious than just getting lost easily, but I had no idea what that might be.

Finding out that she had DTD was a relief. Knowing that something has a name

can be a liberating experience. All of a sudden it is a thing, a concept with defining

characteristics. It is in a way, a kind of map.

36. What is the relation between Ellen and the author?

A. Student and teacher

B. Subject and researcher

C. Employee and employer

D. Patient and doctor

37. It can be learned that people with DTD .

A. are unable to find their position in an environment

B. find it difficult to remember where they have been

C. dislike traveling to a faraway place on their own

D. are characterized by their inability to concentrate

38. From Ellen’s difficulty in drawing her own house, we can infer that .

A. observing from high above is more effective than from the bottom

B. common people tend to perceive a space from a bird’s eye view

C. it is useful to get familiar with our living environment

D. people with DTD have a poor sense of vision

39. How did Ellen feel about her DTD?

A. She had a clear idea what it was and how to deal with it.

B. She worried that she might misunderstand people around her.

C. She thought she could improve her condition by paying more attention.

D. She was afraid that it might bring problems other than disorientation.

40. The word “map” in the last paragraph probably means “ ”.

A. cure

B. design

C. proposal

D. clue

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are required to read one quoted blog and the

comments on it. The blog and comments are followed by questions or unfinished

statements, each with four suggested answers A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer

and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.

Face masks are one of the best defenses against the spread of COVID-19, but

their growing adoption is having a second, unintended effect: breaking facial

recognition algorithms (算法).

Wearing face masks that adequately cover the mouth and nose causes the error

rate of some of the most widely used facial recognition algorithms to rise to between

5 percent and 50 percent, a study by the US National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST) has found. Black masks were more likely to cause errors than

blue masks, and the more of the nose covered by the mask, the harder the algorithms

found it to identify the face.

“We need to understand how face recognition technology deals with masked

faces,” said the author of the report and NIST computer scientist. “We have begun by

focusing on how an algorithm developed before the pandemic (大流行病) might be

affected by subjects wearing face masks. Later this summer, we plan to test the

accuracy of algorithms that were intentionally developed with masked faces in mind.”

Facial recognition algorithms such as those tested by NIST work by measuring

the distances between features in a target’s face. Masks reduce the accuracy of these

algorithms by removing most of these features, although some still remain. This is

slightly different from how facial recognition works on iPhones, for example, which

use depth sensors for extra security, ensuring that the algorithms can’t be fooled by

showing the camera a picture (a danger that is not present in the scenarios NIST is

concerned with).

Comment 1

Well, that’s one good thing to come out of the pandemic. Mass surveillance is

nonsense. Time to pair masks up with sunglasses to deliver the decisive stroke.

Comment 2

“Wearing face masks that adequately cover the mouth and nose causes the error rate

of some of the most widely used facial recognition algorithms to rise sharply.”

Rubbish technology! I would’ve never guessed.

Comment 3

There’s a reason why some country is already using gait (步态) analysis. Facial

recognition is too easy to block or to fool.

Comment 4

Pretty soon they are going analysis. With the development of AI, there will be

a way out.

Comment 5

The Al’s getting better, though, so soon it won’t matter. Just like how you can pick out

a relative or close friend even in bad CCTV footage, so too can AI. Your height,

walking gait, mannerisms, voice, ears, clothing, etc, all add up to YOU.

41. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The best way to defend against COVID-19.

B. Efforts to improve facial recognition technology.

C. Methods to fool the facial recognition system.

D. The impact of masks on facial recognition accuracy.

42. The NIST study found that compared with blue masks, black masks .

A. were more widely used by the public

B. caused more errors in facial recognition

C. provided better protection against the virus

D. required less complex algorithms

43. Comment 1 seems to be .

A. in favor of the rules for wearing face masks

B. in favor of the facial recognition technology

C. against the wide use of facial recognition

D. against the requirements for wearing face masks

44. Which comment views the current facial recognition technology with contempt?

A. Comment 2.

B. Comment 3.

C. Comment 4.

D. Comment 5.

45. Which of the following is positive about the future technological advance?

A. Comment 2 and Comment 3.

B. Comment 1 and Comment 4.

C. Comment 3 and Comment 5.

D. Comment 4 and Comment 5.

Part IV Cloze (10 points)

Directions: In this part, there is a passage with ten blanks. For each blank there are

four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark

your answer on the Answer Sheet.

The English countryside has a classic image. People imagine that life in the

country is slow and calm; that there are no traffic jams, no pollution, and no crime. In

some places, this is true; but in 46 it is not.

Small towns and villages are becoming more and more 47 ; people have

more space and most houses have gardens. But problems are 48 . Lots of people

want to live in the country and work in the city; so more and more people travel 49

distances each day, to go to work. Of course they don’t use buses or trains; they use

cars. Little villages now have traffic problems in the morning, just 50 big cities!

The problems are very complicated! If everyone moves into the country, the

peace of the countryside will 51 ! People leave cities and big towns, to escape

from urban problems; but more and more, they are 52 their problems with them.

On warm summer days, and cold winter days, air pollution can be a big problem in

large 53 of the south of England, not just in London.

Perhaps there is 54 for the future. Soon Britain’s population will stop rising.

From about the year 2030, it will perhaps start to fall. In l00 year’s time, there will be

less people in Britain than today — perhaps two million less. No doubt there will be

55 pollution too; oil and petrol will probably be rare by then.

46. A. other

47. A. famous

48. A. declining

49. A. far

50. A. like

51. A. arise

52. A. developing

53. A. parts

54. A. fear

55. A. more

Part V Text Completion (20 points)

Directions: In this part, there are three incomplete texts with 20 questions (Ranging

from 56 to 75). Above each text there are three or four items to be completed. First,

use the choices provided in the box to complete the phrases. Second, use the

completed phrases to fill in the blanks of the text. Note you should blacken the

B. the others

B. beautiful

B. growing

B. short

B. as

B. emerge

B. bringing

B. places

B. plan

B. less

C. others

C. secure

C. solved

C. remote

C. for

C. continue

C. causing

C. cities

C. hope

C. much

D. another

D. popular

D. involved

D. long

D. to

D. disappear

D. creating

D. blocks

D. vision

D. few

letters that indicate your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Text One

A. Connected B. healthy C. immune

A. eating 56 meals at regular times

B. can also impair our 57 system function

C. are 58 to the body clock

A lack of quality sleep not only affects how we feel during the daytime, but

59 , which is vital in protecting us from common viral illnesses. Efforts needed to

sleep well that include following a sleep routine, 60 and not drinking too much

coffee. All of these things are really interconnected in terms of their function. All of

them 61 . The body is like an orchestra where there’s an orchestra leader that’s sort

of the main timer, by everybody else is playing it together and they’re optimizing

what they are doing.

Text Two

A. Share B. demands C. force

A. true happiness 62 that we have it in our lives

B. they freely 63 their ups and downs

C. as it is a driving 64 in our nature

One of the basic needs we have as humans is to connect with others. We have

done this since the beginning of time 65 . Close intimate friendships fill that need.

There is simply no replacement for this in our lives. You can’t buy it, borrow it or

steal it, but 66 . Experts found that people who can name several close,

supportive friends — friends with whom 67 — live with greater health and

happiness.

Text Three

A. Future B. shape C. form D. safety

A. will adjust themselves for your 68 and comfort

B. will 69 the way we live in astonishing ways

C. mimicked human 70 and thinking

D. gains a truer glimpse of our robotic 71 .

Tiny technologies are a key to the future of robots. The old science-fiction notion

of a robot pictured a large machine that 72 . But a visitor to the Artificial

Intelligence Laboratory at Cambridge 73 . In this microworld, scientists and

engineers are building new machines in other fields such as medicine and aerospace.

Soon, you’ll be driving smart car and living in smart home that 74 . It is already

clear that our tiny new tools 75 . By “thinking small,” scientists and dreamers are

enlarging and enriching the future for all of us.