2024年5月3日发(作者：三星s10e值得买吗)

交通运输经济学专业术语（中英文对照）

目录

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

绪论...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

交通运输需求 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2

旅客与货物运输需求 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

城市交通需求 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5

交通运输供给基础 .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

交通运输基础设施与运载工具供给 ................................................................................................................................ 10

城市公共交通供给 ............................................................................................................................................................ 11

交通运输市场 .................................................................................................................................................................... 12

交通运输外部性与政府作用 ............................................................................................................................................ 14

交通运输成本 ................................................................................................................................................................ 16

交通运输价格 ................................................................................................................................................................ 18

交通运输项目投资评价 ................................................................................................................................................ 19

交通运输固定资产折旧与设备更新 ............................................................................................................................ 21

交通运输企业经济活动分析 ........................................................................................................................................ 23

1. 绪论

重商主义:(mercantilism)

重农主义:(physiocracy)

古典经济学:(classical economics)

新古典经济学:(Neoclassical economics)

经济人:(HomoEconomicus)

微观经济学:(microeconomics)

宏观经济学:(macroeconomics)

稀缺:(scarcity)

市场经济:(market economy)

计划经济:(command economy)

混合经济:(mixed economy)

实证经济学:(positive economics)

规范经济学:(normative economics)

2. 交通运输需求

需求:(demand)

需求数量:(quantity demanded)

价格:(price)

个人需求:(personal demand)

市场需求:(market demand)

需求表:(demand schedule)

需求法则:(law of demand)

替代效应:(substitution effect)

收入效应:(income effect)

需求曲线:(demand curve)

收入:(income)

正常商品:(normal good)

劣等商品:(inferior good)

替代品:(substitute)

互补品:(complement)

消费偏好:(consumer preference)

弹性:(elasticity)

需求价格弹性:(price elasticity of demand)

需求弹性:(elasticity of demand)

需求收入弹性:(income elasticity demand)

奢侈品:(luxuries)

生活必需品:(necessities)

劣等商品:(inferior good)

需求交叉弹性:(cross elasticity of demand)

消费选择:(consumer choice)

边际效用递减规律:(law of diminishing marginal utility)

总效用:(total utility)

边际效用:(marginal utility)

消费者剩余:(consumer surplus)

消费者偏好:(consumer preference)

无差异曲线:(indifference curve)

消费者预算线:(consumer budget line)

消费者均衡:(equilibrium for consumer)

价格消费曲线:(price consumption curve)

交通运输需求:(derivative demand)

3. 旅客与货物运输需求

旅客运输需求:(passenger transport demand)

客运广义费用:(ceneralized passenger transport cost)

货物运输需求:(foreight transport demand)

货物广义费用:(generalized freight)

4. 城市交通需求

城市:(city)

城市地区:(urbanized area)

城市人口:(urban population)

城市聚集效应:(habitat benefit)

城市规模:(urban scale)

交通出行:(traffic)

旅客运输:(passenger transportation)

交通出行需求:(traffic demand)

交通出行广义费用:(generalized travel cost)

交通拥挤:(traffic congestion)

出行形态:(trip pattern)

城市交通结构:(traffic model structure)

交通需求管理:(Transportation Demand Mangement)

基于时间的道路收费:(time-based road pricing)

基于距离的道路收费:(distance-based road pricing)

基于拥挤的道路收费:(congestion-based road pricing)

停车换乘:(park-and-ride)

车辆共用:(car-sharing)

公共交通优先措施:(public transit priority)

交通宁静措施:(traffic calming)

高载客车道:(High Occupancy Vehicle,HOV)

停车管理措施:(car-parking planning)

行人非机动车措施:(pedestrian and non-motorized transport measurement)

可变信息信号:(Variable Message Signs,VMS)

匝道控制:(ramp metering)

5. 交通运输供给基础

供给:(supply)

供给数量:(quantity supplied)

供给表:(supply schedule)

个别供给:(individual supply)

市场供给:(market supply)

供给法则:(law of supply)

供给曲线:(supply curve)

价格弹性:(price elasticity of supply)

供给弹性:(elasticity of supply)

厂商:(firm)

生产要素:(factors of production)

固定投入:(fixed input)

可变投入:(variable input)

生产函数:(production function)

短期:(short run)

长期:(long run)

总产量:(Total Product,TP)

平均产量:(Average Product,AP)

边际产量:(Marginal Product,MP)

等产量曲线:(equal-product curve)

等成本线:(equal-cost line)

生产者均衡:(producer equilibrium)

规模经济:(economies of scale)

规模报酬递增:(increasing returns to scale)

规模报酬不变:(constant returns to scale)

规模报酬递减:(decreasing returns to scale)

规模不经济:(diaeconomies of scale)

范围经济:(economies of scope)

范围不经济:(diseconomies of scope)

私人物品:(private goods)

竞争性:(rivalry in consumption)

排他性:(excludability)

公共物品:(public goods)

搭便车:(free ride)

俱乐部物品:(club goods)

公共资源:(common resources)

公地悲剧:(tragedy of the commons)

交通运输供给:(transportation supply)

6. 交通运输基础设施与运载工具供给

建设-经营-移交模式:(Builder-Operate-Transfer,BOT)

建设-拥有-经营模式:(Build-Own-Operate,BOO)

建设-拥有-经营-移交模式:(Build-Own-Operate-Transfer,BOOT)

建设-移交模式:(Build-Transfer,BT)

移交-经营-移交模式:(Transfer-Operate-Transfer,TOT)

公司合作模式:(Public Private Parternership,PPP)

运输改进方案:(transportation improvement program)

长期交通规划:(Financially Constrained Lon Range Transportation Plan)

7. 城市公共交通供给

城市公共交通:(urban public traffic)

无轨电车:(trolley bus)

快速公交:(Bus Rapid Transit,BRT)

地下铁道:(metro)

轻轨交通:(Light Rail Transit,LRT)

有轨电车:(tramway)

市郊铁路:(Rapid Rail Transit,RRT)

班车:(regular bus)

公交优先:(Public Transportation Priority)

8. 交通运输市场

市场均衡:(market equilibrium)

均衡价格:(equilibrium price)

市场出清价格:(market-clearing price)

蛛网模型:(cobweb model)

总收益:(Total Revenue,TR)

平均收益:(Average Revenue,AR)

边际收益:(Marginal Revenue,MR)

完全竞争市场:(perfect competition market)

价格遵从着:(price taker)

价格制定者:(price maker)

完全垄断市场:(perfect monoploy market)

反垄断法:(anti-trust law)

垄断竞争市场:(monopolistic competition market)

主观需求曲线:(subjective demand curve)

客观需求曲线:(objective demand curve)

寡头垄断市场:(oligopoly market)

纯粹寡头:(pureoligopoly)

差别寡头:(differentiated oligopoly)

博弈论:(game theory)

策略:(strategies)

勾结:(collusion)

卡特尔:(cartel)

博弈人:(player)

策略集合:(strategy set)

得益:(payoff)

结果:(outcome)

均衡:(equilibrium)

纳什均衡:(Nash equilibrium)

混合策略:(mixed strategies)

交通运输市场:(transportation market)

9. 交通运输外部性与政府作用

帕累托最优:(Pareto optimality)

公平:(fairness)

生产效率:(production efficiency)

技术效率:(technical)

经济效率:(economic)

外部性:(externality)

正外部性:(positive)

负外部性:(negative)

市场失灵:(market failure)

互补性市场:(complementary markets)

经济职能:(economics function)

公共提供:(public provision)

交易成本:(transaction cost)

社会保险:(social insurance)

社会福利:(social welfare)

财政政策:(fiscal policy)

货币政策:(monetary policy)

汇率政策:(exchange policy)

认识时滞:(recognition lag)

汇率政策:(exchange policy)

认识时滞:(recognition lag)

决策时滞:(secision lag)

执行与生效时滞:(Execution &Effecring lag)

经济租:(economic rent)

寻租:(rent-seeking)

政策管制:(governmental regulation)

税收归宿:(tax incident)

补贴:(subsidy)

限制区域执照系统:(Area Licensing Scheme,ALS)

公共电子收费系统:(Electronic Road Pricing,ERP)

10. 交通运输成本

机会成本:(opportunity cost)

会计成本:(account cost)

显性成本:(explicit cost)

隐性成本:(implicit cost)

经济成本:(economic cost)

沉没成本:(sunk cost)

增量成本:(incremental cost)

私人成本:(private cost)

外部成本:(external cost)

社会成本:(social cost)

固定成本:(fixed cost)

可变成本:(variable cost)

总成本:(total cost)

平均固定成本:(Average Fixed Cost ,AFC)

平均可变成本:(Average Variable Cost,AVC)

平均成本:(Average Cost,AC)

边际成本:(Marginal Cost,MC)

短期成本:(short-run cost)

长期成本:(long-run cost)

成本曲线:(cost-curve)

成本不可归依性:(untraceability)

联合成本:(joint cost)

共同成本:(common cost)

11. 交通运输价格

均衡价格:(equilibrium price)

均衡数量:(equilibrium quantity)

市场出清状态:(market-cleaning)

支持价格:(price floor)

过剩:(surplus)

限制价格:(price ceiling)

短缺:(shortage)

交通运输价格:(transport price)

歧视定价:(discrimination pricing)

12. 交通运输项目投资评价

资金时间价值:(time value of money)

终值:(future value)

现值:(present value)

利息:(interest)

本金:(principal)

利率:(interest rate)

名义利率:(nominal interest rate)

有效利率:(effective interest interest rate)

年值:(annual value)

现金流量:(cash flow)

资金等值:(capital equivalence)

净现值:(Net Present Value,NPV)

折现率:(discount rate)

内部收益率:(Internal Rate of Return,IRR)

盈亏平衡点:(Break-Even Point,BEP)

敏感性分析:(sensitivity analysis)

敏感性因素:(sensitive factor)

风险:(risk)

概率:(probability)

期望值:(expected value)

方差:(variance)

标准差:(standard deviation)

财务评价:(financial evaluation)

现金流量表:(statement of cash flows)

经济评价:(economic evaluation)

影子价格:(shadow price)

13. 交通运输固定资产折旧与设备更新

固定资产:(fixed assets)

损耗:(abrasion)

有形损耗:(tangible abrasion of equipment)

固定资产的无形损耗:(intangible abrasion of equipment)

综合损耗:(compehensive abrasion of equipment)

物理寿命:(physical life)

技术寿命:(technical life)

经济寿命:(economical life)

折旧寿命:(depreciation life)

折旧基数:(depreciation base)

使用寿命:(useful life)

净残值:(net calvage value)

直线折旧法:(straight-line depreciation)

双倍余额递减法:(double declining balance depreciation)

年数总和法:(sum-of-the-years-digits depreciation)

定率递减余额法:(Fixed Rate on Delining Balance Depreciation)

偿债基金法:(Sinking Fund Depreciation)

14. 交通运输企业经济活动分析

人力资源:(human resource)

可持续发展:(sustainable development)

环境承载力:(environment bearing capacity)